Laser Vision Measurement System and Assessment Method for SMIC Lead Coplanarity

In this paper, a successful application of line-structured laser sensor, involved in SMIC chip lead coplanarity measurement, is presented. With the experimental measurement system and its corresponding mathematics model, a contact-datum-plane assessment of SMIC chip lead coplanarity is developed to provide method for on-line measurement.     

A Shadow Moire Technique by Optional Multiple Light Sources for BGA Coplanarity Measurement

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基于点和直线段对应的扩展正交迭代位姿估计算法

正交迭代算法是基于点特征,全局且快速收敛的位姿估计算法,是目前性能最优的实时位姿估计算法之一.对摄像机观测到的直线段提出了其不确定性描述的新方法:目标空间直线段误差,并把该误差融入到正交迭代算法的位姿计算过程中,形成扩展正交迭代算法.该算法可以同时利用点和直线段特征.算法先把点共面性方程表达为与正交迭代算法中点共线性方程一致的数学形式,再根据目标空间点共面性误差定义了目标空间直线段共面性误差.接着把目标空间点共线性误差和直线段共面性误差二者之和作为误差函数.最后推导出使该函数最小化的迭代求解过程.实验结果表明,本文算法是有效的,精确的.与正交迭代算法的计算结果对比,由于可以同时利用直线段特征,扩展正交迭代算法的位姿估计误差更低,抗噪声性能更强,算法更稳定.     

A Shadow Moire Technique by Optional Multiple Light Sources for BGA Coplanarity Measurement

Shadow moire profilometry is a whole field non-contact 3-D measurement method. Generally there exist mechanical motion so that the measurement speed, life time and reliability are limited. A fast measurement method without mechanical motion is realized in this work by using the technique of changeable light source.This method satisfies the need for the on-line measurement of BGA coplanarity.     

MULTI-LEVEL FILTER FOR INFRARED IMAGE PROCESSING

This paper presents a new multi-level filter algorithm and its corresponding VLSI architecture for infrared image processing. The algorithm eliminates the phenomena of splitting targets by inserting Gaussian pyramid processing. Owning three filter paths, the proposed filter VLSI architecture can enhance small targets with different size in infrared images. This architecture has been implemented using SMIC 0.35μm 4-layer CMOS technology. The test result shows that the filter chip not only effectively suppresses background, eliminates noise and enhances small targets in an infrared image, but also meets infrared image real-time processing requirement(5M ∼ 10M pixels/s). The implemented filter chip consists of 60,284 gates and 8K SRAM, operates at 50MHz.     

基于机器视觉的工件尺寸和角度的测量

针对一款手机U盘芯片的二维尺寸的测量问题,提出运用图像处理的方法,实现手机U盘芯片长度和偏角的非接触式测量。通过COMS工业相机采集到U盘芯片的背光图像,在边缘检测的基础上,用Hough变换检测和定位U盘芯片边缘直线。针对在一条边上Hough变换对应检测到多条直线的情况,本文提出采用直线参数平均法拟合边缘直线,从而获得较精准的边缘位置。通过对已知尺寸的标准块进行相机标定,由此计算出精确的U盘芯片的尺寸和倾斜角度。实验表明：该算法能够满足工程上较高精度的检测要求。     

基于点线对应的多摄像机全局位姿估计迭代算法

为了解决工业视觉场景中点和直线段共存情况下的多摄像机位姿估计问题,提出了基于点线特征对应的多摄像机全局位姿估计算法.以正交迭代算法为基础,使用多个固定在平台上的已标定摄像机间的几何约束,以全局方式处理多摄像机的重叠和非重叠视图的点和直线段特征,获得更加稳定精确的位姿估计.该算法先把所有摄像机数据进行统一表达,再把摄像机观测到的全部点特征的目标空间共线性误差和直线段特征的目标空间共面性误差之和作为误差函数,最后经数学推导得到使该误差函数最小化的迭代求解过程.实验结果验证了该算法的有效性以及优越性.     

Individual particle handling in a microfluidic system based on parallel laser trapping

We present an optical trapping system combining individually addressable multiple laser traps with fluorescence spectroscopy. An in-line set of 64 near-IR laser diodes is used to create a line of individually addressable traps inside a microfluidic chip. This system is completed by an excitation/detection line for spectrally resolved fluorescence imaging of trapped particles. Highly parallel trapping in a constant flow (up to a few millimeters per second), fast particle handling rates (up to a few particles per second), and the possibility of recording fluorescence spectra of trapped objects lead to a performing bioanalytical platform, e.g., for highly parallel analysis and sorting.     

用于精密测量玻尔兹曼常数的量子电压噪声源芯片研制

量子噪声温度计系统可通过比较导体中电子运动的热噪声和量子电压参考噪声精密测量玻尔兹曼常数,其中量子电压噪声源所合成的量子电压参考噪声由一组超导约瑟夫森结阵产生.本文详细介绍了基于Nb/Nb_xSi_(1-x)/Nb约瑟夫森结的量子电压噪声源芯片的设计、制备及测试;采用脉冲驱动模式,合成了具有量子精度的100 kHz交流量子电压信号.结果表明:本文所研制的噪声温度计核心芯片已具备了合成交流电压的功能,可为后续玻尔兹曼常数精密定值、重新定义及复现热力学温度研究提供核心器件.     

线阵CCD测径装置的设计

介绍线阵CCD测径装置的基本原理、硬件构成和软件设计。该装置结构简单、测量精度高，可对线材直径进行非接触、自动在线检测，其硬件部分采用新型8751单片机作为主机，软件使用汇编语言。线径测量范围为φ2—50mm，测量精度优于0．01mm。     

电子元件引线框架几何尺寸的实时光电非接触在线检测系统

给出光电在线检测系统对一种电子元件引线框架几何尺寸测试实例，验证光电在线检测系统进行测试的可行性，为提高该类产品的非接触实时在线测量提供一条新途径。     

基于ARM的激光式大坝水平位移监测系统

针对大坝安全监测的技术要求,设计并研制了一套基于铅垂线原理的大坝水平位移测量系统。该系统以光栅尺、激光发射和接收器、减速电机为主要运动部件,以性能强大的ARM内核芯片为主控制器,采用大屏幕LCD为人机交互界面,实现对大坝水平横向和纵向的精确测量。该系统还具有人工手动实时测量、定时自动测量的功能,可以通过485总线上传测试结果到总控制中心进行显示和分析。实验结果表明,该系统具有精度高、成本低、误差小的优点。     

薄膜法X射线荧光测量中样品检测位置及防护铅板内衬材料的选择研究

(1)以型号316不锈钢金属板为研究对象,对薄膜法X射线荧光光谱测量中,样品检测位置的选择进行研究,确定了最佳的样品检测位置为样品距离X射线管和探测器水平基线1 cm处,并且与X射线管和探测器水平基线成16°角度。(2)以工业环境空气重金属污染物Pb,Cd,Cr为主要分析对象,在有铅板防护情况下进行薄膜法X射线荧光光谱测量研究,发现X射线会穿透样品薄膜而继续激发防护铅板,使得滤膜背景光谱中有较强的铅谱线干扰,会对实际样品中铅元素的测量产生影响。在薄样和防护铅板之间加上一层隔离材料,可有效避免防护铅板中铅谱线对样品测量产生的干扰。(3)以型号316不锈钢、黄铜、铝材、紫铜和聚四氟乙烯几种硬质隔离材料作为铅板内衬材料进行选择研究,结果表明：紫铜的X射线荧光光谱中所含元素的谱线最少,谱图中没有出现重金属Cr,Cd,Pb的谱峰,并且能量较高部分靶材散射光谱强度较弱,对实际样品中重金属元素Cr,Cd和Pb的测量不会产生干扰,作为铅板的内衬金属材料可以避免防护铅板中铅元素谱线的干扰,是最佳的薄膜法X射线荧光光谱分析中铅板的内衬金属材料。该研究为组装及搭建便携式大气及水体重金属X射线荧光光谱分析仪提供了重要的理论依据。     

用激光测量高热可靠性电子器件的热变形

本文提出了一种测量大功率电子器件热变形的双曙光激光全息干涉法，针对一种可靠性要求很高的电子器件-火箭点火用固态继电器进行实际测试，试验结果表明，固态继电器在大负载功率工作状态时，芯片表面的干涉条纹较多，条纹弯曲程度较大，因此反映了芯片热变形和热应力增大趋势较为明显。     

线结构光传感器中非线性光源单向扩展光路设计

为了减小线结构光传感器光源对测量精度的影响 ,设计了一种集整形和能量校正为一体的非线性光源单向扩展光路。应用反高斯分布的液体吸收滤光镜 ,实现了高斯光束强度的径向均匀化。并应用矩形光阑和两个相互垂直放置的柱面镜 ,对准直后的激光束进行整形 ,分别在不同的方向进行拉伸和压缩 ,得到了形状理想的线光源。此技术已成功应用于BGA芯片管脚的三维尺寸测量中。     

手机USB数据线测试仪的研制

针对企业生产手机USB数据线时需要进行性能测试方面的要求,设计出一款以FPGA为处理核心,USB接口芯片为控制对象,辅之电源、存储器、键盘、显示、静电保护和反馈输出接口等模块组成的手机USB数据线测试仪。该测试仪按照USB通信协议把USB数据包通过被测数据线进行传输,然后通过计算其传输USB数据包的错误率来判断数据线性能的质量好坏。通过与误码率分析仪、电脑海量传输实测的结果对比和实际应用表明,该仪器较其它测试方法具有测试速度快,测试结果准确等优点,可广泛地应用于USB数据线生产企业。     

A measurement of high-pT correlations in 340 GeV/c pp and 280 GeV/cπ−p reactions

We have measured correlations between single high-p_T(1.5<p_T<3.5 GeV/c) trigger particles on one side of the beam line and groups of particles entering a calorimeter on the opposite side of the beam line. The mean transverse momentum measured in the calorimeter is found to increase with the trigger-particle transverse momentum. The coplanarity of the events increases with trigger-particle transverse momentum. We have compared our data with the predictions of a phenomenological four-jet model. To fit our data we find that we must give large (0.9 GeV/c) mean transverse momenta to the constituents of the initial hadrons.     

Microfluidic sample preparation for elemental analysis in liquid samples using micro X‐ray fluorescence spectrometry

The integration of microfluidic devices with micro X‐ray fluorescence (micro‐XRF) spectrometry offers a new approach for the direct characterization of liquid materials. A sample presentation method based on use of small volumes (<5 µl) of liquid contained in an XRF‐compatible device has been developed. In this feasibility study, a prototype chip was constructed, and its suitability for XRF analysis of liquids was evaluated, along with that of a commercially produced microfluidic device. Each of the chips had an analytical chamber which contained approximately 1 µl of sample when the device was filled using a pipette. The performance of the chips was assessed using micro‐XRF and high resolution monochromatic wavelength dispersive X‐ray fluorescence, a method that provides highly selective and sensitive detection of actinides. The intended application of the device developed in this study is for measurement of Pu in spent nuclear fuel. Aqueous solutions and a synthetic spent fuel matrix were used to evaluate the devices. Sr, which has its Kα line energy close to the Pu Lα line at 14.2 keV, was utilized as a surrogate for Pu because of reduced handling risks. Between and within chip repeatability were studied, along with linearity of response and accuracy. The limit of detection for Sr determination in the chip is estimated at 5 ng/µl (ppm). This work demonstrates the applicability of microfluidic sample preparation to liquid characterization by XRF, and provides a basis for further development of this approach for elemental analysis within a range of sample types. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于宽光谱干涉系统的拼接主镜共相位检测技术

 针对拼接式大口径望远镜主镜,提出一种基于迈克尔逊干涉原理基础上的宽带光谱（白光）干涉检测方法,对拼接子镜间相位误差进行实时检测,进而对失调子镜进行相应校正,以实现拼接子镜的共面排布。子镜间相位误差通过干涉图形间的不匹配性进行提取。应用双中心波长组合白光源来提高白光中心条纹的可见度,通过理论仿真,对不同中心波长组合的白光中心条纹可见度进行比较,结果表明：该双中心波长组合白光源系统的应用,可以提高白光干涉中心条纹的信号分辨能力,借以提高检测精度,使得该白光干涉检测系统对拼接子镜间的相位失调误差进行高精度提取。     

Effects of collisional narrowing and line parameters on atmospheric composition measurements

The effects of line shape and of line width and its temperature dependence on retrieved stratospheric composition from ground-based, high-resolution solar spectra measurements are discussed. The results show that they depend on the method of measurement. For differential transmission measurements, large effects of line-shape and other line parameters are found. Even for transmission measurements, line parameters can also lead to significant error.