微结构化柔性压力传感器的性能增强机制、实现方法与应用优势

柔性压力传感器具有易共形、高灵敏、快响应等特点,是发展物联网、可穿戴电子、触觉人工智能等领域的关键核心器件。通过敏感功能材料开发、功能层微结构设计、微纳制造方法优化等策略,可提升柔性压力传感器的综合性能,扩张其应用场景。其中,功能层微结构的创新设计被普遍认为是增强柔性传感器性能最有效的手段之一。本文综述了近年来基于微结构化的柔性压力传感器的最新研究进展,围绕微结构对于柔性压力传感器性能增强的机制、微结构的设计与实现方法以及微结构化柔性压力传感器在人机交互、医疗健康等领域的应用等方面进行详细阐述,并在此基础上对其未来发展方向进行展望。     

柔性可穿戴电子传感器研究进展

随着智能终端的普及,可穿戴电子设备呈现出巨大的市场前景.传感器作为核心部件之一,将影响可穿戴设备的功能设计与未来发展.柔性可穿戴电子传感器具有轻薄便携、电学性能优异和集成度高等特点,使其成为最受关注的电学传感器之一.综述了近年来柔性可穿戴电子传感器的研究进展,包括压阻、电容、压电、力致发光和摩擦电等信号转换机理,金属、无机半导体、有机和碳材料等柔性可穿戴电子的常用材料,柔性电子传感器的印刷制造及其在体温和脉搏检测、表情识别和运动监测等方面的最新应用,最后提出了柔性可穿戴电子传感器面临的挑战与未来发展方向.     

可穿戴生物电化学传感器的研究与应用进展

随着物联网的发展,可穿戴生物电化学传感器受到了广泛关注。可穿戴传感器件采用液体导体、导电聚合物薄膜、水凝胶等材料作为柔性电极,集优异的机械性能与传感性能于一体,为人们的生产和生活带来了极大的便利,已被广泛用于医疗诊断、健康监测和环境监测等领域。然而,目前可穿戴生物电化学传感器在美观隐形性和生物亲和性等方面仍存在一些问题。本文从可穿戴传感器件的制备工艺及柔性材料入手,概括分析了近年来可穿戴生物电化学传感器件的研究与应用进展,对其所面临的挑战与困难进行了总结,并展望了可穿戴生物电化学器件未来的发展方向,为进一步改进可穿戴传感器件的集成方法、提高其传感性能以及实现智能化信号传输等提供了参考。     

基于聚二甲基硅氧烷的可穿戴柔性传感器的研究进展

可穿戴柔性传感器是一种紧密附着在人体的皮肤或组织上,可实时收集、分析人体生理参数的设备,在医疗保健、诊断治疗等领域具有重要的应用价值,近年来引起极大关注。聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)不仅化学性质稳定、热稳定性强、透明性和生物相容性好,还可通过表面改性和整体特性定制以实现不同功能,这使得PDMS成为了可穿戴柔性传感器基底材料的最佳选择。本文综述了近年来基于PDMS的可穿戴柔性传感器的研究进展,对导电修饰材料、传感器的工作原理和性能比较等方面进行了回顾和总结,重点对比了不同导电修饰层材料的性能参数与优缺点,介绍了光敏传感器、温度传感器、应变传感器、压力传感器和生化传感器,最后对可穿戴传感器的研究和应用中存在的挑战进行了分析,对其发展方向进行了展望。     

柔性可穿戴传感器及其应用研究

可穿戴传感器可以贴合人体皮肤或与纺织品整合用于监测人体生理状况,具有较高灵敏度和集成性。近年来,可穿戴传感器已被广泛应用于汗液、呼吸、心率和血氧等生理状况的监测。由于可穿戴传感器需要长时间舒适穿戴于人体,并且需要避免人体活动产生的形变影响,因此,柔性是评价和改良可穿戴传感器的一个重要参数。本文首先综述了不同柔性材料的研究进展,概括了基于不同柔性材料的可穿戴传感器的构建及应用,最后讨论了这些柔性可穿戴传感器当前面临的挑战、应对策略以及未来的发展方向。     

可穿戴电化学传感器件的研制及其应用

可穿戴电化学传感器件是一种可直接穿戴在身体特定部位、甚至植入用户体内的柔性电化学传感器。其具有简易性、便携性、灵活性等特点,可实时电化学监测与跟踪分析待测物,被广泛用于医疗保健、人体健康和环境监测等领域。该综述概括了可穿戴电化学传感器件的硬件设计与研制,及其在汗液检测、神经化学监测、现场分析检测（POCT）中的应用,总结和展望了可穿戴电化学传感器件的未来发展趋势,以期为可穿戴电化学传感领域的进一步发展提供参考。     

有机智能传感材料与器件研究进展

有机光电子材料具有柔性、低成本、可大面积加工以及分子结构可调等特点,在可穿戴智能器件领域具有巨大的应用潜力.有机分子可以通过结构的设计调节其光学、电学、机械和化学等特性,从而实现丰富的传感功能.有机智能传感器具有快速响应、高选择性、高灵敏和机械柔性等优势,被广泛应用于环境监测、电子皮肤、医疗监测、人机交互等智能感知领域.本文综述了近年来有机智能传感材料与器件的研究进展,包括小分子半导体、聚合物半导体和导电聚合物等有机传感材料,以及化学传感器、温度传感器、光学传感器和机械传感器等有机智能传感器件的前沿应用,重点介绍了目前生物传感器、仿生传感器等智能感知器件和系统的发展现状,并对其未来发展过程中面临的挑战进行了分析.     

可视化柔性可穿戴传感器研究进展

柔性可穿戴传感器具有轻质、共形性好和生物安全性高等特点,在军事、医疗健康和运动等领域展现出广阔的应用前景。可视化是柔性可穿戴传感器的一个重要发展方向,对于丰富传感器功能和扩展其应用领域具有重要意义。本文综述了近年来可视化柔性可穿戴传感器的研究和应用进展,总结了现有的可视化传感器种类及其作用机理,重点介绍了基于发光或变色进行可视化传感的柔性可穿戴传感器。最后,讨论了可视化柔性可穿戴传感器所面临的机遇和挑战。     

电喷印刷柔性传感器

柔性传感器因其在弯折、扭曲、拉伸等大变形条件下具有稳定的传感性能,所以在软体机器人、可穿戴电子和生物医疗等领域具有潜在的应用前景,受到了国内外研究者的广泛关注。与传统光刻技术相比,印刷技术制造作为增材制造,具有绿色、低成本和可大面积制造的优势,被广泛应用于柔性电子器件制备。其中,电流体动力喷墨打印(电喷印)技术因其具有多种功能材料的兼容性,被认为最有可能替代传统的光刻技术,实现柔性传感器高分辨率和跨规模制造。近年来,电喷印技术在微型化柔性传感器制造领域显示出广泛的应用潜力。本综述重点介绍了电喷印刷柔性传感器的工艺、材料和应用的最新研究进展。首先,详细介绍了电流体动力喷墨打印技术的工作原理,总结了用于电喷印的各种功能性墨水材料,然后,介绍了电喷印刷中墨水和柔性基底间表界面调控的问题。随后,综述了电喷印方法在柔性压力传感器、柔性气体传感器和柔性电化学传感器等柔性传感器制造的应用进展。最后,总结讨论了下一代电喷印刷技术在柔性传感器领域的机遇与挑战。     

MXene的制备及应用进展

近年来,随着可穿戴电子产品的飞速发展,柔性传感器也受到越来越多的关注。二维过渡金属碳/氮化物(MXene)因其具有良好的机械性能、优异的导电性和亲水性等优点,在电磁屏蔽、生物医药、能量转化与储存、传感器等领域都有广泛的应用。本综述首先对MXene的结构特点、制备方法以及其在多个领域的应用进行简介。进一步,重点围绕MXene在柔性压力/应变传感器、柔性温度传感器、柔性湿度传感器、柔性气体传感器等方面的研究,重点总结了MXene在柔性传感器领域的应用进展,最后,预测MXene基柔性传感器在未来会有更大的发展潜力。     

Using Transparent Adhesive Tape as New Substrate for Integrated Flexible Enzymatic Sensor: Good Adhesion and Better Printability

Substrate plays an essential role in the construction of flexible electrode and related wearable sensors. Compared with conventional flexible substrates such as Polyethylene terephthalate (PET), the common transparent adhesive tape exhibits the unique advantages in the non-adhesive surface with good printability, allowing the conductive layer to be deposited directly on its surface, and in another adhesive surface with good fastening, thus facilitating the fabrication of as-prepared electrode in subsequent wearable sensors. Herein, we constructed a new type of flexible sensor to detect ascorbic acid which is closely related to human health in sweat by integrating flexible electrode based on transparent adhesive tape with potentiostat that incorporate the critical signal conditioning, processing, and transmission functions. Experiment results show that resulting electrode still has the good electrochemistry performance even after 1000 bending cycles (20 % bending degrees). By connecting as-prepared flexible electrode to the potentiostat to carry out real time analysis, the resulting sensor exhibits excellent sensitivity, detection limit and repeatability (0.15 V detection potential vs printed Ag/AgCl reference electrode, 3.8 μM detection limit, 25 μM-1 mM linearity, and good selectivity).     

Flexible Glass‐based Amperometric Sensors for Hydrogen Peroxide

The development of flexible sensors could enable significant advances in clinical diagnosis, defense, and environmental monitoring. Flexible glass provides the flexibility and possesses stable chemical and physical properties. Here, we show that carbon graphite and silver/silver chloride inks can be printed onto flexible glass to construct amperometric sensors, and the sensors show sensitive and rapid detections of hydrogen peroxide. We anticipate that these results could provide exciting avenues for fundamental studies of flexible electronics and flexible bioelectronics, as well as a variety of applications in fields ranging from medical diagnosis to defense.     

柔性印刷可穿戴电化学传感器

实现对人体的健康监测和慢性病监测是包括材料科学、信息技术、电子技术、分析化学等科学领域在内的世界前沿课题。通过连续获取温度、压力、应力等物理信号来实现对人体活动情况和心率、血压、脑电图、心电图等实时监测的可穿戴设备已实现商业化,但连续监测人体体液、呼出气中的各类化学物质的可穿戴传感器仍面临许多问题,比如传感器的柔韧性、灵敏度、准确性以及与人体皮肤的贴合性等。针对这些问题,本文以柔性印刷技术为出发点,综述了各类柔性基底在电化学传感器/生物传感器领域的应用,同时对可穿戴传感器的发展方向提出了建议。     

MXene-composited highly stretchable,sensitive and durable hydrogel for flexible strain sensors

The flourishing development in flexible electronics has provoked intensive research in flexible strain sensors to realize accurate perception acquisition under different external stimuli.However,building hydrogel-based strain sensors with high stretchability and sensitivity remains a great challenge.Herein,MXene nanosheets were composited into polyacrylamide-sodium alginate matrix to construct mechanical robust and sensitive double networked hydrogel strain sensor.The hydrophilic MXene nanosheets formed strong interactions with the polymer matrix and endowed the hydrogel with excellent tensile properties(3150%),compliant mechanical strength(2.03 kPa~(-1) in Young's Module) and long-lasting stability and fatigue resistance(1000 dynamic cycles under 1,600% strain).Due to the highly oriented MXene-based three dimensional conductive networks,the hydrogel sensor achieved extremely high tensile sensitivity(18.15 in gauge factor) and compression sensitivity(0.38 kPa~(-1) below 3 kPa).MXene hydrogel-based strain sensors also displayed negligible hysteresis in electromechanical performance,typical frequent-independent feature and rapid response time to external stimuli.Moreover,the sensor exhibited accurate response to different scales of human movements,providing potential application in speech recognition,expression recognition and handwriting verification.     

电化学发光传感器在农业传感领域中的研究进展

基于电化学发光(ECL)分析法构建的电化学发光传感器具有灵敏度高、背景信号低、操作简单的优点,因此,它在农业、工业、环境、临床和食品等领域具有广泛的应用前景。 本文主要综述了电化学发光传感器检测农药残留和真菌毒素的应用及其相应的检测性能,分析了电化学发光传感器在农业传感领域的研究现状,并阐述了未来电化学发光传感器的发展趋势。     

Flexible Metal Oxide Semiconductor Devices Made by Solution Methods

For the fabrication of next-generation flexible metal oxide devices, solution-based methods are considered as a promising approach because of their potential advantages, such as high-throughput, large-area scalability, low-cost processing, and easy control over the chemical composition. However, to obtain certain levels of electrical performance, a high process temperature is essential, which can significantly limit its application in flexible electronics. Therefore, this article discusses recent research conducted on developing low-temperature, solution-processed, flexible, metal oxide semiconductor devices, from a single thin-film transistor device to fully integrated circuits and systems. The main challenges of solution-processed metal oxide semiconductors are introduced. Recent advances in materials, processes, and semiconductor structures are then presented, followed by recent advances in electronic circuits and systems based on these semiconductors, including emerging flexible energy-harvesting devices for self-powered systems that integrate displays, sensors, data-storage units, and information processing functions.     

Implantable application of polymer-based biosensors

Implantable sensors offer a great opportunity to extract physiological information from inside the body by real-time monitoring. With the demand for personal healthcare and point-of-care treatment, a long-term stable sensor of excellent mechanical and biological compatibility with human organs is urgently required. In contrast to rigid electronic devices using silicon or metallic materials, soft sensors are realized by flexible polymers in a simple way, endowing the implantable sensor with a tissue-mimetic structure. In this article, we systematically review the development of implantable electronic sensors based on polymer materials. The unique properties of polymers are introduced, followed by their applications in implantable device fabrication. Strategies to integrate polymers with implantable sensors, encompassing device interface, geometry, and integration, are also summarized. Furthermore, biosensing applications of polymer-based implantable devices are described, ranging from physical stimulus monitoring to biochemical analysis in vivo. Finally, we envision how advances in polymer materials may facilitate the development of intelligent sensors with broader applications in vivo.     

Bioinspired design of highly sensitive flexible tactile sensors for wearable healthcare monitoring

The design of microscale architectures integrated with low-dimensional nanomaterials for tactile sensors has attracted considerable attention owing to their high performance for various potential applications, especially in the field of healthcare monitoring. However, there still remains a critical challenge to achieve high sensitivity in response to different magnitude external pressure. Herein, we introduce a high performance capacitive tactile sensor based on Silver nanowires coated biomimetic hierarchical array architecture, which consists of mini-domes by the way of vacuum adsorption from through-hole arrays and micro-cones by duplicating Calathea zebrina leaf, respectively. This hybrid graded microstructure as electrode exhibits remarkably improved sensitivity and stimulus responding range when compared with the other monotonous counterparts. Moreover, an optimized ionic gel film with remarkable interfacial capacitance is sandwiched by microstructured electrodes as the dielectric layer, further boosting the performance of the tactile sensor. As a result, the obtained sensor demonstrates a board detection range from 24 Pa to 90 kPa with a maximum sensitivity of 37.8 kPa^?1, and a fast response time (<78 ms). These superior performances of our tactile sensor lay a foundation for various applications in healthcare monitoring. It can not only sense and distinguish subtle arterial pulse signals even under different ages, genders and states of motion but also monitor physiological activity with large pressure as well, such as breathing, plantar pressure, and so on. We envision this bionic tactile sensor holds great potential in wearable electronics.     

A Rigidity/Flexibility Compatible Strategy to Improve the Stability and Durability of Flexible Electrochemical Sensor Based on a Polydimethylsiloxane Membrane Supported Prussian Blue@Carbon Nanotube Array

Mechanical fatigue and mechanical-chemical effect can harm the stability and durability of flexible electrochemical sensors and electronic devices. To solve the problem, we propose a rigidity/flexibility compatible strategy by implanting Prussian blue into the carbon nanotube array supported by polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). The PDMS membrane is soft and flexible, and counteracts the external force; meanwhile, Prussian Blue@Carbon Nanotube Hybrid is hard and rigid for the reliable detection of hydrogen peroxide. Consequently, the cyclic voltammetric behavior of Prussian blue keep almost constant during the continuous bending experiments. The results indicate that the rigidity/flexibility compatible strategy is instructive to improve the performance of flexible electrochemical sensors and electronic devices.     

碳纳米管薄膜的制备及其在柔性电子器件中的应用

近年来,柔性电子器件的发展日新月异。以碳纳米管为代表的碳纳米材料,尤其是其组装成的宏观结构碳纳米管薄膜具有良好的柔性和优异的导电性,且具有化学稳定、热稳定、光学透明性等优点,在柔性电子领域展现了极大的应用潜力。本文简要综述了近年来碳纳米管薄膜在柔性电子器件领域的研究进展。首先详细介绍了碳纳米管薄膜的两类主要制备方法,分别为干法制备和湿法制备;继而介绍了碳纳米管薄膜在多种柔性电子器件的组装、性能与应用方面的最新研究进展;最后总结了碳纳米管薄膜基柔性电子领域的发展现状,并讨论了该领域所面临的挑战及其未来前景。