正负折射率材料组成的一维光子晶体的能带及电场

计算了由正负折射率材料交替排列组成的一维光子晶体的能带及电场，发现其能带不同于由普通正折射率材料组成的光子晶体的能带.当选择合适的参数时，由正负折射率材料组成的光子晶体的TE模或TM模有完全光子带隙出现，这在普通光子晶体中不出现.导带中的电场波函数与普通光子晶体相比具有很强的局域性.对于负折射率材料层为色散介质的情况，计算了在不同的具有正负折射率区域能带.     

含单负材料三明治结构的电磁隧穿特性

在理论分析的基础上,结合实验研究了单负材料/正折射率材料(或单负材料)/单负材料三明治结构的电磁隧穿性质.这种结构的电磁隧穿来源于入射平面波与结构的表面或体极化激元的耦合,从理论上讨论并计算了正入射情况下这种结构中的极化激元的色散关系.发现:由单负材料作为边界而正折射率材料为中间层的三明治结构具有体极化激元,这种极化激元的共振频率随着中间层厚度的增加向低频移动;由不同性质的单负材料构成的三明治结构具有两条色散曲线,这两条色散曲线随着中间层厚度的增加而简并.随后基于L-C传输线技 关键词： 单负材料 极化激元 隧穿 L-C传输线')" href="#">L-C传输线     

含左手材料异质结构光子晶体的零平均折射率带隙的展宽

运用光学传输矩阵理论,研究了含左手材料一维二元光子晶体的禁带特性.提出了含左手材料的光子晶体异质结构中零平均折射率带隙展宽的方法.根据此方法设计的异质结构的光子晶体形成的零平均折射率带隙,与一维光子晶体零平均折射率带隙相比,零平均折射率带隙的宽度和相对带隙宽度可以得到显著的拓宽.而且它的零平均折射率带隙的边缘与TM波和TE波相关.这种特性在微型谐振腔、天线基片、同轴波导等方面都具有潜在的应用.     

独立空间孤子对研究新进展

本刊讯 空间光孤子产生的非线性机制有多种，归纳起来大致可分为两类：一类是自相位调制自聚焦机制，这种情况下一束光入射到非线性介质中，材料的折射率会发生变化，在材料中形成类似透镜的效应，即光束中心处折射率比光束边缘处的折射率大，这种折射率分布就在材料中形成折射率梯度变化的波导，当引起该波导的光束正好也是该波导的一种传导模式时，光束就可以在材料中稳定传输形成哈密顿孤子；     

含负折射率材料的Thue-Morse序列结构的光学透射谱

讨论了由正折射率材料和具有色散的负折射率材料构成的Thue-Morse序列结构的透射谱,用传输矩阵元的递推关系式计算透射率.数值计算结果表明,这种系统存在一个n=0带隙,它与Bragg带隙相比,对入射角变化和电场偏振方向的变化更不敏感.此外,带隙的位置不随序列阶数的不同而变化.同时,对TM序列结构完全透射态的场分布进行了研究,发现光强的分布具有与晶格结构相似的分布.     

石墨烯基双曲色散特异材料的负折射与体等离子体性质

基于有效介质理论研究了石墨烯/介质周期结构的电磁性质, 研究发现这种复合结构的等频面在太赫兹和远红外波段为双曲线, 可用来实现石墨烯基双曲色散特异材料. 通过改变石墨烯的费米能级、介质层厚度和单元结构中石墨烯的层数, 可很容易地调节双曲色散存在的频段. 由于等频面的双曲色散特性, 石墨烯基双曲色散特异材料在远低于截止频率的范围内, 对斜入射的电磁波具有负的能量折射率和正的相位折射率, 并支持局域体等离子体模式. 基于衰减全反射结构, 研究了体等离子体的激发, 探索了体等离子体在可调的光学反射调制器中的应用.     

近零折射率区超导材料的Goos-H?nchen位移

作为一种特殊的光学现象,对一定的光学结构,Goos-H?nchen(GH)位移与构造材料密切相关.对电介质/超导/电介质这一结构,本文给出了GH位移在超导材料为近零折射率材料时随入射角、光波长和超导层厚度等参数的变化曲线.结果表明,GH位移随上述参数的变化规律,与超导材料折射率为零时的波长(阈值波长)相关联,波长大于和小于阈值波长时的变化规律存在一定的差异.近零折射率材料在光子学领域具有广泛的应用.计算结果为新型光子学器件研究开发提供了参考.论文对大学生理解近零折射率概念,以及近零折射率区超导材料的Goos-H?nchen位移也有所帮助.     

白光在LiNbO3∶Fe晶体中写入的任意折射率分布光波导

在理论分析LiNbO3∶Fe晶体中光致折射率变化分布与写入光的强度分布之间关系的基础上，提出了一种在该晶体中写入具有任意折射率分布光波导的新方法.利用由白光经电寻址空间光调制器得到的强度分布不同的片光辐照晶体，分别写入了折射率呈误差函数分布和平方律分布的光波导结构.采用干涉法测量了晶体中的光致折射率变化，并用推导出的折射率变化分布解析表达式很好地拟合了测量数据.实验结果表明，该方法是可行的.利用白光光源结合高分辨率的空间光调制器有望在多种光折变材料中制备出具有任意折射率分布的高质量光波导.     

一种新型左手材料的设计和特性研究

通过对左手材料的理论分析,设计了一种宽频带左手材料结构单元.该结构单元由一个矩形闭合环和十字型结构构成的谐振器和金属线组合而成.这种新结构中的谐振器实现负磁导率,金属线实现负介电常量,经过合理的设计,可以在某一频段内使得磁导率和介电常量同时为负,即具有负的有效折射率和正的波阻抗.数值仿真结果表明:在其工作频段内存在一个通带并且在17.6～29.0 GHz频率范围内折射率实部为负,而虚部接近于零;同时在该频率范围内波阻抗实部大于零,从而说明了该左手材料具有左手特性.除此之外,相对左手带宽达到48.9％,远远优于传统的左手材料.     

一种新型左手材料的设计和特性研究

通过对左手材料的理论分析,设计了一种宽频带左手材料结构单元.该结构单元由一个矩形闭合环和十字型结构构成的谐振器和金属线组合而成.这种新结构中的谐振器实现负磁导率,金属线实现负介电常量,经过合理的设计,可以在某一频段内使得磁导率和介电常量同时为负,即具有负的有效折射率和正的波阻抗.数值仿真结果表明:在其工作频段内存在一个通带并且在17.6～29.0GHz频率范围内折射率实部为负,而虚部接近于零;同时在该频率范围内波阻抗实部大于零,从而说明了该左手材料具有左手特性.除此之外,相对左手带宽达到48.9%,远远优于传统的左手材料.     

On the Sign of the Refractive Index for Metamaterials

Russian Physics Journal - The concept of the negative refractive index with application to doubly negative metamaterials is critically analyzed. The positive value of the refractive index is...     

磁电超材料折射率特性分析

基于麦克斯韦旋度方程, 将磁电超材料板中的电元件和磁元件分别等效为面电流和面磁流, 通过计算这些周期性面电流和面磁流在某个磁电超材料板上产生的总电场和总磁场, 获得了关于面磁流密度和面电流密度的两个方程, 进而推导出了周期性磁电超材料折射率与磁元件的磁导率、 电元件的介电常数和空间色散项之间关系的解析公式. 与传统的折射率计算公式不同, 该解析公式充分考虑到了空间色散以及磁电超材料的电元件和磁元件的相互作用. 折射率理论曲线和基于仿真实验数据的提取值曲线能很好地符合, 这说明文中推导的折射率公式能够正确地描述磁电超材料的负折射特性. 本文的结果将为分析电磁元件之间的相互作用以及设计负折射率符合一定要求的磁电超材料提供重要的理论参考. 关键词： 磁电超材料 周期性结构 负折射率     

Tunable dual-band infrared chiral metamaterials based on double-layered asymmetric U-shape split ring resonators

We have numerically demonstrated chiral metamaterials based on double-layered asymmetric U-shape split ring resonators. Dual-band circular dichroism is found in the whole frequency regime from 50 to 250 THz by studying the transmission properties. Huge optical activity and the induced negative refractive index are obtained at resonance by calculating the optical activity and ellipticity of the transmitted E-fields. Chirality parameter and effective refractive index are retrieved to illustrate the tunable optical properties of the metamaterials. The underlying mechanisms for the observed circular dichroism are analyzed. These metamaterials would offer flexible electromagnetic applications in the infrared regime.     

Advancements in high refractive index media:from quantum coherence in atomic systems to deep sub-wavelength coupling in metamaterials [Invited]

Refractive index enhancement is crucial in the fields of lithography, imaging, optical communications, solar devices, and many more. We present a review of advancements in the process of designing high refractive index metamaterials, starting from quantum coupling and photonic bandgap materials to metamaterials utilizing deep subwavelength coupling to achieve ever-high values of refractive index. A particular attention is given to experimentally verified schemes in engineering a high index of refraction. The understanding of the evolution of material design from intrinsic electronic states manipulation to meta-atoms design is not only fascinating but also a prerequisite to developing successful devices and applications.     

Dielectric substrate effect on the metamaterial resonances in terahertz frequency range

We report on the effect of dielectric substrate on the resonance shift of metallic metamaterials operating in the terahertz frequency region. The resonance frequencies for various metamaterials obtained by time-domain spectroscopy agree well with calculations based on the finite-difference time-domain method. The dependencies of the resonance frequency to substrate index are studied, and are systematically determined by introducing an effective substrate index. The relative contributions of the substrate index for various metamaterials are obtained by fitting the numerically obtained effective refractive indices as a function of substrate index, which is found to be ∼0.63 regardless of the metamaterial geometry.     

光学超材料的制备方法与参数提取

在光学超材料研究过程中,其微观结构的控制制备技术至关重要。综述了国内外在光学超材料制备方法方面的大致发展历程。重点介绍了二维光学超材料的制备技术,并分析对比了各种经典制备方法的优缺点。在二维光学超材料制备方法基础上,进一步叙述了三维光学超材料的传统制备和新的研究制备方法。简要介绍了均匀介质光学超材料的介电常数、磁导率、折射率和阻抗等有效电磁参数的提取过程。     

Phase space analysis of metamaterial-based optical systems

Phase space analysis of light refraction in optical systems consisting of slabs or thin lenses from either metamaterials with negative refractive indices or common materials is performed with the aim of finding the conditions of perfect imaging for metamaterial-based optical systems. The analysis in the paraxial approximation uses ABCD matrices, whereas full ray tracing is employed in the non-paraxial case. The phase space analysis reveals that the ideality of planar metamaterial lenses only occurs when the absolute value of the refractive index in metamaterials is the same as in the surrounding medium.     

An electromagnetic parameters extraction method for metamaterials based on phase unwrapping technique

Abstract

A new method of extracting effective permittivity and permeability of metamaterials has been developed in this paper. Scattering parameters are used to represent effective wave impedance and refractive index of the metamaterials. Considering analytical continuation of effective refractive index of the metamaterials in the upper half of a complex angular frequency plane, a phase unwrapping technique has been implemented to solve branch ambiguity of the refractive index caused by complex inverse cosine function. An empirical formula to estimate the starting frequency in the phase unwrapping technique has been developed to improve the efficiency of the parameter retrieval procedure. Numerical results including five slabs of rods and split-ring resonators (SRRs) and a structure composed of two SRRs and four capacitively loaded strips are given to demonstrate good accuracy, high efficiency, and noise insensitivity of the proposed retrieval method.     

Numerical demonstration of three-dimensional terahertz metamaterials based on the causality principle

A parameter retrieval algorithm based on the causality principle and Kramers-Kronig （KK） relations is employed to calculate the effective parameters of three-dimensional （3D） metamaterials. Using KK relations, the branch selecting problem, which is the challenge of effective parameter retrieval method, can be removed. To reveal the validity of the proposed algorithm, the constitutive refractive index of a homogeneous polymide cube is extracted. The result is in excellent agreement with the intrinsic refractive index of the polymide. Finally, the two terahertz metamaterials with 3D structures are designed and their effective parameters are then retrieved using the proposed algorithm. Numerical simulations are performed using the fuiI-wave electromagnetic solver, CST Microwave Studio.     

Surface waves at the interface between tunable LC–MTMs and nonlinear media

The surface wave propagation at the interface between tunable metamaterials (MTMs) and nonlinear media is investigated. Tunable MTMs have a refractive index which can be tuned to negative?Czero?Cpositive values. The nonlinear media are assumed to have a Kerr-like refractive index. The dispersion equation is analytically derived and solved numerically. Results display the different behaviors of the propagating waves as the refractive index is tuned.