外加场分离技术与微流控技术联用在微纳尺度物质分离中的研究进展

微纳尺度物质的分离和分选在精准医学、材料科学和单细胞分析等研究中至关重要。精准、高效和快速的分离微纳尺度物质能够为癌症的早期诊断、生物样品检测和细胞筛选提供重要帮助,其中基于外加场分离技术的分离微纳尺度物质因可以对微纳尺度物质高效在线分离和分选,被广泛应用于微纳米颗粒、外泌体以及生物细胞的分离工作中,而目前多数外加场分离技术存在装备繁琐和样品消耗大等问题。微流控技术是一种通过制作微通道和微流控芯片操纵微小流体对微纳尺度样品组分进行分离的技术,因具有快速检测、高通量、在线分离、集成性高、成本低等优势现被应用于微纳尺度物质分离分析中,是一种微纳尺度物质分离的有效方法,通过在微流控芯片上设计不同的通道及外部配件提高主动场对微纳尺度物质分离效率。外加场分离技术与微流控技术联用可以实现微纳尺度物质的无损、高效、在线分离。该综述主要概述了近年来在微流控芯片上依托流动场、电场、磁场及声场等外加场分离技术来提高对微纳尺度物质分离效率的研究现状,并将各个外力场对单细胞、微颗粒等微纳尺度物质的分离进行分类介绍,总结各自的优缺点及发展应用,最后展望了外加场分离技术与微流控技术联用在应用于癌细胞的早期筛查、精确分离微尺度物质领域的未来发展前景,并提出联用技术的优势和未来应用等。     

金属-有机骨架材料在色谱分离中的应用

金属-有机骨架材料（Metal-organic frameworks,MOFs）,因其具有较好的热稳定性、化学稳定性、可设计性等特点,广泛应用于气体吸附、物质分离、提纯、催化等领域,同时也作为模板制备各种功能材料.MOFs作为色谱分离的材料已得到了较多的研究与应用.按照被分离物质的类别,综述和总结了不同MOFs材料作为色谱固定相的分离效果,重点介绍了MOFs材料的色谱分离机理.MOFs材料的孔径、功能基团和不饱和金属位点在分离中起到重要的作用,最后对MOFs在色谱分离应用中的问题和前景进行了分析和展望.     

毛细管电泳分析中手性化合物的定性检测

毛细管电泳（CE）作为一种新型分离分析技术,具有分离效率高、分析速度快、样品用量少、分离模式灵活多样等众多优势,在手性物质分离等领域应用广泛。在以往的工作中,手性化合物的CE分离模式、手性拆分剂选择及提高分离度等研究已作了详尽报道,而成功分离后的手性物质定性、对映体出峰顺序确认等问题也至关重要。该文以CE手性化合物分离分析中是否依赖标准品分类,及其定性检测方法进行了总结。     

物质分离中的两类记忆型物质

综述了两类记忆型物质———分子烙印聚合物和离子记忆无机离子交换剂的合成、性质及其在物质分离中的应用。由于它们具有特殊的结构 ,对合成时所导入的物质具有高选择性     

非对称流场流分离技术在纳米材料及生物分子表征方面的应用

场流分离作为一类分离技术可分离、提纯和收集流体中的悬浮物微粒,它是将流体与外场联合作用于待分离物质,利用样品质量、体积和密度等性质的差异实现分离,然后利用分离物质的保留性质来确定样品颗粒粒径及分布、分子量等性质。其中非对称流场流分离能够提供连续的、高分辨率的分离,近年来越来越受到科研人员的欢迎。本文介绍了场流分离的分类及其原理,重点介绍了非对称流场流分离的原理及其应用,包括非对称流场流分离的影响因素及与其他分离技术的比较;最后总结了该技术的发展趋势。     

渗透汽化复合膜*

渗透汽化是膜科学研究中最活跃的领域之一,在分离液体混合物,尤其是痕量、微量物质的移除,近、共沸物质的分离等方面有独特优势。介绍了渗透汽化膜的种类和复合膜的制备方法。按渗透汽化三大分离体系,即从水相中分离有机物、有机液脱水和有机混合液的分离,综述了近几年渗透汽化复合膜的研究进展。最后,指出了制约其发展的问题和未来发展方向,并对渗透汽化复合膜的应用前景进行了展望。     

离子交换与吸附技术应用于生物分离与纯化的最新进展

近年来,离子交换与吸附技术在生物医药领域有着广泛应用,在生物分离与纯化方面的研究不断丰富。通过离子交换与吸附技术可以实现多种活性物质的分离纯化以及目标产物的分离。本文以近几年生物分离与纯化的研究成果为例,首先介绍了离子交换与吸附技术在活性物质提取、病毒分离等方面的应用,之后着重介绍了该技术在血液净化方向的研究进展。未来,离子交换与吸附技术在生物医药领域的成果也将不断推动我国医学、化工、食品等产业的发展。     

溶剂浮选技术的研究现状与展望

溶剂浮选是一种被气泡传质效应强化的液-液萃取技术,具有高分离效率、高富集系数、传质温和、低有机溶剂消耗、操作简单等优点,广泛应用于仪器分析的样品前处理、水体中有机污染物的分离富集、天然产物中活性物质分离等领域。本文比较全面地综述了溶剂浮选技术的通用模式、分离参数、应用现状和理论研究进展;在此基础上,重点介绍了近些年溶剂浮选领域出现的一些新分离模式和应用领域:新的分离模式主要是"双水相浮选"和"气浮络合萃取",新的应用领域主要是样品前处理技术的新应用以及对天然产物提取液中活性物质的分离富集。     

聚合物整体柱在生物大分子分离中的应用

近年来,高效液相色谱有机聚合物整体柱以其独有的优势在分离大分子物质中得到了广泛的应用和发展。本文结合本实验室的研究工作,并参考有一定影响力的相关文献,综述了近几年来有机聚合物整体柱的特征及其在生物大分子分离应用中的新进展。     

毛细管电泳手性分离中的协同效应

综述了毛细管电泳手性分离中的协同效应。介绍了毛细管电泳手性分离中双手性选择剂的应用情况。表明用CDs/CDs.CDs/crown组成的双选择剂及聚合环糊精衍生物,聚合手性胶束体系有可能改善难拆分的对映体物质的分离效果,展示了协同效应的毛细管电泳拆分复杂物质对映体中的应用前景。     

Determination of flavonoid aglycones in several food samples by mixed micellar electrokinetic chromatography

The application of mixed micellar electrokinetic chromatography to the separation of ten flavonoid aglycones (catechin, epicatechin, naringenin, morin, fisetin, quercetin, kaempferol, galangin, apigenin, and chrysin) belonging to four different classes (flavanols, flavanones, flavonols, and flavones), and expected to be prominent in commonly consumed foods, has been developed. A micellar system composed of 25 mM SDS and 25 mM sodium cholate buffered at pH 7.0 provided a simultaneous separation of all compounds in less than 20 min. The procedure could be easily adapted to the determination of some flavonoids from each of these classes in real complex samples (propolis, Ginkgo biloba, etc.). The LODs of these compounds were in the range of 1.2-4 microg/mL, and the peak area and migration time repeatabilities were below 6.0 and 3.1%, respectively.     

若干极性树脂对黄芩甙及黄芩黄素的吸附性能研究

测定了35种具有不同极性的吸附树脂对黄芩甙及黄芩黄素的吸附量,发现弱碱树脂具有较大的吸附量,研究了弱碱树脂对黄芩黄素的吸附动力学,观察到该树脂对黄芩黄素的吸附较快,5h已基本达到吸附平衡。     

HPLC separation of flavonols, flavones and oxidized flavonols with UV-, DAD-, electrochemical and ESI-ion trap MS detection

The cation-induced or electrochemical oxidation of flavonols has been reported to yield 2-(hydroxybenzoyl)-2-hydroxy-3(2H)-benzofuranone. Two new gradient reversed phase HPLC methods are presented which allow the determination of those oxidized flavonols simultaneously with flavonols and flavones. UV and electrochemical detection are used because of their high sensitivity. Qualitative detection together with quantification of all compounds is achieved with photodiode-array detection. An electrospray ionization ion trap mass spectrometric method is presented for unique identification of the benzofuranones after HPLC separation.     

黄芪中黄酮类组分的高效液相色谱分离条件的快速优化

以黄芪为研究对象,对黄芪中乙酸乙酯部位的化学成分进行了高效液相色谱分析并对其色谱操作条件进行了快速优化。根据几个线性梯度下的保留时间来计算各组分的保留参数,然后利用重叠分辨图法确定其最佳分析条件。在选定的最佳条件下各组分分离情况良好。利用梯度保留时间计算保留参数比较方便快速,并可以有效地避免以往等度线性回归法遇到的峰识别问题。该方法更适用于实际复杂样品色谱分析条件的优化。     

HPLC separation of flavonols, flavones and oxidized flavonols with UV-, DAD-, electrochemical and ESI-ion trap MS detection

The cation-induced or electrochemical oxidation of flavonols has been reported to yield 2-(hydroxybenzoyl)-2-hydroxy-3(2H)-benzofuranones. Two new gradient reversed phase HPLC methods are presented which allow the determination of those oxidized flavonols simultaneously with flavonols and flavones. UV and electrochemical detection are used because of their high sensitivity. Qualitative detection together with quantification of all compounds is achieved with photodiode-array detection. An electrospray ionization ion trap mass spectrometric method is presented for unique identification of the benzofuranones after HPLC separation.     

Etude en RMN de l'Association des Sels de Lanthanides avec des Phénols; Application à la Détermination de Structure de Polyphénols Naturels

Interaction of lanthanide salts with phenols in DMSO solution was investigated as a tool for ¹H NMR structure determination in the field of naturally-occurring polyphenolic compounds. Intermolecular competition experiments evidenced reactivity differences with respect to the nature and position of substituents. Empirical rules of reactivity are suggested from which variations observed in the PMR chemical shifts on addition of lanthanide salts to natural polyphenols (flavones, xanthones) were rationalized.     

Analysis of 5-hydroxy-7-methoxyflavones by normal-phase high-performance liquid chromatography

The separation and identification of flavones present in a chloroform extract of Baccharis trinervis leaves was investigated. The chromatographic system consisted of a amino-bonded column, gradient elution from hexane-chloroform (85:15) to chloroform-acetonitrile (40:60) and detection at 346 nm. Four flavones were found. From NMR and MS data they were identified as 5-hydroxy-7,4′-dimethoxyflavone (I), 5-hydroxy-7,3′,4′-trimethoxyflavone (II), 5,3′-dihydroxy-7,4′-dimethoxyflavone (III) and 5,4′-dihydroxy-7-methoxyflavone (IV). Flavone II and III have not been found in Baccharis trinervis before. The chromatographic system showed good selectivity for the separation of the flavones. The relation between t_R and the structure is discussed.     

Determination of flavones in Crataegus pinnatifida by capillary zone electrophoresis

A capillary electrophoretic method for the separation of four flavones in Crataegus pinnatifida is developed. The four flavones in Crataegus pinnatifida are separated on baseline within 15 min using 50mM borax buffer containing 15% acetonitrile and adjusted to pH 8.15 with phosphoric acid. The detection limits of vitexin-2"-rhamnoside, hyperside, rutin, and vitexin are 0.35, 0.30, 0.40 and, 0.29 microg/mL, respectively. The recovery of these flavones is as follows: vitexn-2"-rhamnoside 96.8%, hyperside 99.9%, rutin 97.1%, and vitexin 97.8%. The results are in accordance with those obtained in the high-performance liquid chromatography system. The content of flavones is higher in Crataegus pinnatifida leaves than in its fruits, and hyperside is not detected in either Crataegus pinnatifida fruits or flowers.     

Liquid chromatography of natural pigments

The newest results in the application of various liquid chromatographic techniques for the analysis of natural pigments in pure state and in complicated matrices are compiled. The methods employed for the separation and quantitative determination of the different pigment classes (flavonoids, coumarins, chlorophylls, etc.) are described and critically evaluated. The future trends are briefly discussed.     

茶叶中总黄酮含量测定方法的研究

茶叶中富含羟基苯甲酸类、肉桂酸类及原花色素等多酚类物质,这些物质都具有邻苯二羟基结构,碱性环境下与铝离子形成络合物,影响总黄酮的测定。本实验用亚硝酸钠-硝酸铝法和三氯化铝法测定茶叶总黄酮含量的结果作了比较。实验结果表明,亚硝酸钠-硝酸铝法的测定结果比三氯化铝法约高60mg/g,三氯化铝法在酸性环境下进行,酸度实验显示,适宜酸度为pH≥5.0。鞣酸干扰实验表明,平均误差为0.017mg,随着鞣酸量的增加,测得值无上升趋势。三氯化铝法的线性方程:y=0.000638 0.8623x,相关系数:r=0.9998;样品加标回收率为98.05%。因此,对含酚类较多的植物应采用三氯化铝法测定其总黄酮的含量。