石油工程专业“油田化学”课程教学改革及实践效果分析

分析了石油工程专业“油田化学”课程的教学现状,认为非化学专业学生的化学基础、学习主动性和课程教学考试方式是影响学生能力培养的主要原因。通过创新基础理论的教学方法,将能力培养贯穿于教学的全过程,并将课堂讨论和分析能力纳入考试的总评成绩。量化数据和问卷调查分析结果表明,教学改革措施能有效提高学生的学习积极性和分析问题能力,并能较为准确地评估学生的学习效果,若要进一步提高学生的学习效果,仍需对课程进行系统规划并加强教学与实验环节的结合。     

高师院校"化学教学论"课程中实施论辩教学的研究与实践

论辩教学是一种能够调动学生学习主动性、提升教学效果的教学模式,针对当前高师院校"化学教学论"课程实施过程中教师讲授为主,缺乏学生课堂参与的现状,从课前准备、课堂论辩、课后反思和评价三方面精心设计并实施了论辩教学。基于对学生书面论辩修改稿和学生期末考试作答情况的分析,可以认为实施论辩教学对于提高"化学教学论"课程的教学效果,提升化学专业师范生对化学教育理论问题的认识和理解能力有重要价值。     

高师化学专业绿色化学课程研究性教学的探讨

研究性教学已成为高校教学改革的必由之路。针对绿色化学的课程特点,有选择地将研究性教学应用于高师化学专业绿色化学课程教学过程中,采用引导教学、问题激发教学和文献研究教学等形式进行了研究性教学的探索,从多方面启迪学生,挖掘他们的学习潜力,培养学生分析问题、解决问题的能力,达到了提高教学质量的目的。     

环境专业无机化学的碳捕集工程实例教学

以化学吸收在碳捕集工艺中的应用为例,将工程实例教学引入环境专业无机化学课程。该教学应用酸碱质子理论、化学计量学、化学热力学、化学动力学等相关知识,解决了碳捕集工艺中的部分关键问题,即选取适宜的吸收剂及解吸方法,采用合理的方法以提高吸收产量及速率。此外,该教学亦培养了学生的工程和科学研究思维,提高了学生分析和解决相关问题的能力。     

能源与环境系统工程专业工程化学课程的教学改革与实践

工程化学课程是本校非化学化工专业(能源与环境系统工程专业)的一门学科基础课程。该课程的目的是锻炼学生的化学思维能力,通过学习工程应用中的化学理论,提高学生运用化学知识解决实际问题的能力。本文阐述了本校工程化学课程的教学理念和授课情况,对教学内容和方法进行了深入的改革与实践,详细介绍了课程建设、课堂教学、课下反馈与评价、科研相辅、教学工作的反思与总结,进一步阐述了教学环节的教育探索与实践总结,使工程化学课程的教学质量得到了提高。     

高分子化学教学中化学理论知识的有效融入

《高分子化学》是高分子材料与工程专业的一门重要的专业基础课程。高分子化学中融入了大量的基础化学理论知识,因此在《高分子化学》教学中适当地引入相关基础化学理论知识,将有利于帮助学生克服畏难心理,提高学生学习兴趣,有助于学生对重点难点的理解,有效提高教学效果。本文根据教学实践,介绍了自由基、活化能、过渡态等基础化学理论知识有效融入高分子化学教学的一些实例和心得体会。实践表明,通过以"旧知求新知"可以明显提高"教"与"学"的效果。     

以应用为导向的"材料制备与吸附性能"创新综合实验设计

基于应用型人才培养目标,通过创新实验教学内容和方法,将科研成果引入到实验教学内容中,设计出以实际应用为导向的磁性材料制备及吸附性能研究综合实验。该实验教学对材料的结构表征和性能测试进行补充和拓展,并融合较为前沿的科学问题,采用半开放式教学手段,鼓励学生自主设计、独立分析,构建科研反哺教学的协同机制。通过实践表明,该实验具备综合性特征,内容涵盖了材料化学、仪器分析、物理化学相关理论;经过系统训练,提升学生的专业操作技能,巩固理论知识,强化实践应用,有利于培养学生分析解决实际问题的能力和专业创新能力。     

工程教育专业认证视角下“高分子材料研究方法”课程教学改革与探索

"高分子材料研究方法"课程是高分子材料与工程专业必修的核心课程之一,具有理论与实践并重的特点。本文在工程教育专业认证视角下,主要从教学内容、教学形式与方法、课程评价、教学反馈等几个方面对课程进行改革与探索,通过理论学习与实践训练相结合,提高学生的理论基础和创新实践能力,培养学生形成基于高分子材料合成到表征,再到结论的科学研究方法,达成工程教育专业认证要求学生应该具备的能力和要求。     

高三化学专题复习的新型探究教学设计——以“高考题是怎样炼成的”为例

针对北京市高考化学对学生能力的考查要求,结合高三学生化学学习的实际情况,围绕"铁及其化合物"的核心知识设计新型探究教学专题。引导学生在课堂解决实际问题的过程中,体会高考"考什么-怎样考-怎样答",体现高考题的生成性和问题解决的策略性,提高学生解决问题的能力,提升学生的思维水平。     

立足实验素养考查的高考“评价型”实验题的命题特点

"评价型"实验题是新课程高考化学实验考查的一种新的重要形式。结合教学实践,就"评价型"实验题对学生实验素养的考查做了一些探讨,其中包括命题立意、考查内容、考查方式等。     

Di­methyl­phenyl­sulfonium tri­fluoro­methane­sulfonate and methyl­di­phenyl­sulfonium tri­fluoro­methane­sulfonate

The bonding geometry of sulfur in the cations of the title compounds, C₈H₁₁S⁺·CF₃SO₃^? and C₁₃H₁₃S⁺·CF₃SO₃^?, respectively, is similar and is independent of the ratio of the Me/Ph substituents. As expected, in both cations, the S—Ph bonds are somewhat shorter than the S—Me bonds. In both crystal structures, the interaction between cations and anions is similar.     

2,4‐Di­nitro­phenyl­hydrazones of 2,4‐di­hydroxy­benz­aldehyde, 2,4‐di­hydroxy­aceto­phenone and 2,4‐di­hydroxy­benzo­phenone

In 2,4‐di­hydroxy­benz­aldehyde 2,4‐di­nitro­phenyl­hydrazone N,N‐di­methyl­form­amide solvate {or 4‐[(2,4‐di­nitro­phenyl)­hydrazono­methyl]­benzene‐1,3‐diol N,N‐di­methyl­form­amide solvate}, C₁₃H₁₀N₄O₆·C₃H₇NO, (X), 2,4‐di­hydroxy­aceto­phenone 2,4‐di­nitro­phenyl­hydrazone N,N‐di­methyl­form­am­ide solvate (or 4‐{1‐[(2,4‐di­nitro­phenyl)hydrazono]ethyl}benzene‐1,3‐diol N,N‐di­methyl­form­amide solvate), C₁₄H₁₂N₄O₆·C₃H₇NO, (XI), and 2,4‐di­hydroxy­benzo­phenone 2,4‐di­nitro­phenyl­hydrazone N,N‐di­methyl­acet­amide solvate (or 4‐­{[(2,4‐di­nitro­phenyl)hydrazono]phenyl­methyl}benzene‐1,3‐diol N,N‐di­methyl­acet­amide solvate), C₁₉H₁₄N₄O₆·C₄H₉NO, (XII), the molecules all lack a center of symmetry, crystallize in centrosymmetric space groups and have been observed to exhibit non‐linear optical activity. In each case, the hydrazone skeleton is fairly planar, facilitated by the presence of two intramolecular hydrogen bonds and some partial N—N double‐bond character. Each molecule is hydrogen bonded to one solvent mol­ecule.     

Bis(μ‐hexa­methyl­enetetr­amine)­bis(aqua­di­bromo­cadmium)­di­aqua­di­bromo­cadmium dihydrate

The title compound, poly­[[di­aqua­di­bromo­cadmium‐μ‐(1,3,5,7‐tetra­aza­tri­cyclo[3.3.1.1^3,7]decane‐N¹:N⁵)‐aqua­cad­mium‐di‐μ‐bromo‐aqua­cadmium‐μ‐(1,3,5,7‐tetra­aza­tri­cyclo[3.3.1.1^3,7]decane‐N¹:N⁵)‐di‐μ‐bromo] dihydrate], [Cd₃­Br₆­(C₆­H₁₂­N₄)₂­(H₂O)₄]·­2H₂O, is made up of two‐dimensional neutral rectangular coordination layers. Each rectangular subunit is enclosed by a pair of Cd₃(μ₂‐Br)₆(H₂O)₃ fragments and a pair of (μ₂‐hmt)Cd(H₂O)₂Br₂(μ₂‐hmt) fragments as sides (hmt is hexa­methyl­enetetr­amine). The unique Cd^II atom in the Cd₂Br₂ ring in the Cd₃(μ₂‐Br)₆(H₂O)₃ fragment is in a slightly distorted octahedral CdNOBr₄ geometry, surrounded by one hmt ligand [2.433 (5) Å], one aqua ligand [2.273 (4) Å] and four Br atoms [2.6409 (11)–3.0270 (14) Å]. The Cd^II atom in the (μ₂‐hmt)Cd(H₂O)₂Br₂(μ₂‐hmt) fragment lies on an inversion center and is in a highly distorted octahedral CdN₂O₂Br₂ geometry, surrounded by two trans‐related N atoms of two hmt ligands [2.479 (5) Å], two trans‐related aqua ligands [2.294 (4) Å] and two trans‐related Br atoms [2.6755 (12) Å]. Adjacent two‐dimensional coordination sheets are connected into a three‐dimensional network by hydrogen bonds involving lattice water mol­ecules, and the aqua, bromo and hmt ligands belonging to different layers.     

Glass formation in the CaO-Bi<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript>-B<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript> and SrO-Bi<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript>-B<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript> systems

A physicochemical study of glasses based on the MO-Bi₂O₃-B₂O₃ and SrO-Bi₂O₃-B₂O₃ systems was performed. Glass formation regions were found. The structural and optical properties, as well as the thermal behavior of the glasses, were studied.     

3,3,10,10‐Tetra­methyl‐1,2‐di­thia‐5,8‐di­aza­cyclo­deca‐4,8‐diene

The title compound, C₁₀H₁₈N₂S₂, acts as an important precursor for the synthesis of the pharmaceutically important di­amine­di­thiol ligand system. The mol­ecule has a local twofold axis and the arrangement of the S₂N₂ donor atoms in the macrocycle is anticlinal.     

4‐Hydro­xy‐3‐methoxy­benz­aldehyde 4,5‐di­azafluoren‐9‐yl­idene­hydrazone

The whole mol­ecule of the title compound, C₁₉H₁₄N₄O₂, is essentially planar, with a highly conjugated π system. In the crystal, the mol­ecules are packed as chains along the [011] direction connected by O—H?N intermolecular hydrogen bonds.     

Methyl­tri­phenyl­stibonium tetra­fluoro­borate

In the title compound, [Sb(CH₃)(C₆H₅)₃]BF₄, there are four independent cations and anions in the asymmetric unit. The geometry around the Sb atom is distorted tetrahedral, with Sb—C distances in the range 2.077 (4)–2.099 (10) Å and angles at the Sb atom in the range 103.3 (3)–119.0 (4)°.     

2,4,6‐Tri­chloro­phenyl­iso­nitrile and 2,4,6‐tri­chloro­benzo­nitrile

The molecular structures of the title compounds, 2,4,6‐tri­chloro­phenyl­iso­nitrile (IUPAC name: 2,4,6‐tri­chloro­phenyl isocyanide), C₇H₂Cl₃N, and 2,4,6‐tri­chloro­benzo­nitrile, C₇H₂Cl₃N, are normal. The two structures are not isomorphous, but do contain similar two‐dimensional layers in which pairs of mol­ecules are held together by pairs of Cl?CN [3.245 (3) Å] or Cl?NC [3.153 (2) Å] interactions. The two‐dimensional isomorphism is lost through different layer‐stacking modes.     

Tetra­phenyl­phos­phonium 4‐hydroxy‐2,2,6,6‐tetra­methyl­piperidinyl­oxy‐4‐sulfonate

The title compound, C₂₄H₂₀P⁺·C₉H₁₇NO₅S⁻, consists of an organic monovalent cation and an organic monovalent anion, the latter being derived from the TEMPO radical (TEMPO is 2,2,6,6‐tetra­methyl­piperidin‐1‐oxyl). Two inversion‐related anions interact via two –O—H⃛O—S– hydrogen bonds, forming a dimer in which there are no short contacts between the spin centres (–N—O) of the TEMPO(OH)SO₃⁻ anions. Furthermore, no significant magnetic interaction is observed between the dimers because the dimer is surrounded by cations. These results are consistent with the paramagnetic behaviour of the title salt.     

4,5‐Propyl­enedi­thio‐1,3‐di­thiole‐2‐thione and 4,5‐propyl­enedi­thio‐1,3‐di­thiol‐2‐one

4,5‐Propyl­ene­di­thio‐1,3‐di­thiole‐2‐thione, C₆H₆S₅, (I), crystallizes in the centrosymmetric space group P2₁/c. The molecular packing is characterized by pairs of S⋯S intermolecular contacts between neighbouring mol­ecules, which may account for the rather high thermal stablity of the crystal. 4,5‐Propyl­ene­di­thio‐1,3‐di­thiol‐2‐one, C₆H₆OS₄, (II), in which an O atom replaces the terminal S atom of (I), crystallizes in the non‐centrosymmetric polar space group Cc. The packing pattern of (II) indicates that the macropolarization direction is along [101]. Although the packing patterns are qualitatively significantly different, the molecular structures of (I) and (II) are similar, each exhibiting a chair conformation.