激光加热Cu和NaF靶产生的1.2keV区X射线转换效率的测量

介绍了激光加热Cu靶和NaF靶发射的在1.2keV区X射线转换效率的测量方法和实验结果。结果表明,在激光辐照功率密度为1×10¹³—1×10¹⁴W·cm^-2条件下,激光波长为1.06μm或0.53μm时,Cu等离子体发射的1.2KeV区X射线的转换率为NaF等离子体的4—5倍;对此两种等离子体,激光波长为0.53μm的X射线转换效率是波长为1.06μm的2倍左右。 关键词：     

激光烧蚀CH薄膜特性

报道了神光Ⅱ装置上激光膜相互作用的实验,实验利用能量计和光电管测量激光与CH薄膜作用前后的能量和时间波形的变化。结果表明:激光对CH薄膜透过率由作用产生的激光等离子体电子密度决定;功率密度为1.01014 W/cm2的激光与CH薄膜作用下,入射激光能量脉冲前沿与薄膜作用产生激光等离子体;在200 ps时,激光等离子体电子密度稀疏到临界密度以下,激光开始透过等离子体;在700 ps后,等离子体密度远低于临界密度,激光完全透过激光等离子体。     

用激光干涉法诊断准分子激光在YBa_2Cu_3O_(7-δ)靶面激励等离子体的电子密度

利用激光标准干涉法诊断了准分子激光(XeCl,308 nm)在YBa_2Cu_3O_(7-σ)超导靶面激励等离子体的电子密度.结果表明在入射激光功率密度为3×10~8W/cm~2,本底真空度为1.33～13.3 Pa的条件下,等离子体电子密度为10~(16)～10~(17)/cm~3.     

TC6钛合金激光喷丸组织演变与表面强化机理

研究了激光喷丸(LP)TC6钛合金的组织演变对表面强度的影响机理。结果表明,LP后材料表面的显微硬度和残余应力均随功率密度的增加而增大,LP引起的硬度影响层和残余应力影响层的深度也随功率密度的增加而增大,且影响层深度为500~600μm。LP对TC6钛合金强度的影响机理包括细晶强化和位错强化,晶粒细化使大角度和小角度晶界增多,而晶界能阻止材料发生屈服;LP产生的高密度位错可使材料的屈服强度提高,阻碍位错的运动,抑制裂纹的萌生,从而使材料的力学性能提高。     

HL-1M装置在NBI期间注入H弹丸和Al杂质的辐射损失特性

使用十六道探测器阵列在HL1M装置上对中性束加热等离子体中注入氢丸和铝杂质的辐射损失功率进行了测量。通过对测量数据的分析,获得了以下主要实验结果:(1)中性束加热等离子体辐射损失功率密度分布在等离子体小半径(35)a范围内较平坦,辐射功率密度为0.1W·cm-3左右;(2)在中性束加热期间,用激光吹气注入铝杂质,辐射损失功率密度增加了1倍,但它的分布不明显峰化;(3)注入的氢丸使等离子体辐射损失功率密度增加了2倍多,且辐射损失功率密度分布显著峰化。     

基体对应力诱导的纳米晶W膜开裂行为的影响

采用磁控溅射方法同时在Si(100)和聚酰亚胺(PI)基体上沉积W膜,对比研究不同基体约束对纳米晶W膜微观结构及应力诱导的开裂行为的影响.结果发现,在两种基体上W膜的裂纹形态明显不同.在Si基体上W膜的裂纹呈楔形,而在PI基体上W膜的裂纹呈半圆柱形凸起于薄膜表面.这种裂纹形态的差异源于两种基体上W膜的变形机理不同.在刚性Si基体上,W膜的裂纹扩展是通过晶粒平面内的转动实现的,而在柔性PI基体上W膜裂纹扩展是通过排列晶粒在平面内、外的转动协调完成的.分析表明,两种截然不同的开裂行为与不同基体上薄膜内应力的变 关键词： W膜 残余应力 裂纹 晶粒     

金刚石厚膜的微结构研究

 采用直流辉光等离子体化学气相沉积金刚石厚膜,利用氢的微波等离子体对抛光的金刚石厚膜截面进行刻蚀,用扫描电子显微镜、激光拉曼光谱仪研究了金刚石厚膜的微结构及杂质、缺陷的分布。结果表明：杂质、空洞主要富集在晶界处;在金刚石膜的生长过程中,随着甲烷流量的增加,晶界密度、空洞、晶粒内部缺陷、杂质含量逐渐增加,晶界的排列从以纵向为主过渡到网状结构。     

单晶Si Nd∶YAG激光连续退火的数值计算

应用固相外延模型来模拟单晶Si的连续Nd∶YAG激光退火过程,在低功率密度连续激光退火下,用准静态模型模拟辐照区向非辐照区的径向传导散热.在数值计算中,应用部分线性法处理非线性非齐次热传导方程,得到相应的隐格式差分方程,再用追赶法求解隐格式差分方程,得出绝热边界条件下的温度的时间和空间分布,从而得出激光退火的再结晶厚度.当激光波长λ=1.06μm、功率密度i0=700W/cm2,预热温度T0=523K时,经过0.7秒,表面温度度升到1 290K左右,再结晶厚度约为0.5μm.     

Bi靶激光等离子体极紫外光源以及碎屑辐射特性研究

激光等离子体极紫外光源具有体积小、稳定性高和输出波长可调节等优势,在极紫外光刻领域发挥着重要的作用。Bi靶激光等离子体极紫外光源在波长9～17 nm范围内具有较宽的光谱,可应用于制造极紫外光刻机过程中所需的极紫外计量学领域。利用平像场光谱仪和法拉第杯对Bi靶激光等离子体极紫外光源以及离子碎屑辐射特性进行了实验研究。在单脉冲激光打靶条件下,实验中观察到Bi靶激光等离子极紫外光谱在波长12.3 nm处出现了一个明显的凹陷,其对应着Si L-edge的吸收,是Bi元素光谱的固有属性。相应地在波长为11.8和12.5 nm位置处产生了两个宽带的辐射峰。研究了两波长光谱特性以及辐射强度随激光功率密度的变化。结果表明,在改变聚焦光斑大小实现不同激光功率密度（0.7×1010～3.1×1010 W·cm-2）过程中,当功率密度为2.0×1010 W·cm-2时两波长处的光辐射最强,其原因归结为Bi靶极紫外光辐射强度受激光能量用于支撑等离子膨胀的损失和极紫外光被等离子体再吸收之间的平衡制约所致。在改变激光能量实现不同激光功率密度过程中,由于烧蚀材料和产生两波长所需高阶离子随着功率密度的增加而增加,增强了两波长处的光辐射。进一步,研究了双脉冲激光对Bi靶极紫外光谱辐射特性影响,实验发现双脉冲打靶下原来在单脉冲打靶时出现在波长13～14 nm范围内的凹陷消失。最后,对单脉冲激光作用Bi靶产生极紫外光源碎屑角分布进行了测量。结果表明,当探测方向从靶面法线方向移动到沿着靶面方向上的过程中,探测到Bi离子动能依次减小,并且离子动能随激光脉冲能量降低而呈线性减小。此项研究有望为我国在研制极紫外光刻机过程所需的计量学领域提供技术支持和打下夯实的基础。     

不同功率密度1064 nm激光辐照下小鼠皮肤热损伤研究

通过实验和理论分析研究1064 nm激光不同输出功率对小鼠皮肤的热损伤规律。利用皮肤镜与光学相干断层成像(OCT)评估小鼠皮肤组织热损伤程度;参考Arrhenius热损伤方程进行理论分析,并与实验结果对比。结果显示,当激光连续辐照时间为400 ms时,激光输出功率密度小于958 W/cm²时,激光辐照处泛红;激光输出功率密度为958～1160 W/cm²时,损伤呈白色水疱状;激光输出功率密度为1160～1370 W/cm²时,损伤呈浅坑状焦黄斑,损伤斑周围伴一圈鼓起的白色皮肤水疱;激光的功率密度在1370～2190 W/cm²,损伤呈红色坑状斑,损伤斑周围伴黑黄色焦痂。     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.     

A stereo matching algorithm using multi-peak candidate matches and geometric constraints

Gray cross correlation matching technique is adopted to extract candidate matches with gray cross correla- tion coefficients less than some certain range of maximal correlation coefficient called multi-peak candidate matches. Multi-peak candidates are extracted corresponding to three closest feature points at first. The corresponding multi-peak candidate matches are used to construct the model polygon. Correspondence is determined based on the local geometric relations between the three feature points and the multi-peak candidates. The disparity test and the global consistency checkout are applied to eliminate the remaining ambiguous matches that are not removed by the local geometric relational test. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is feasible and accurate.