A PRECISE INTEGRATION APPROACH FOR THE DYNAMIC-STIFFNESS MATRIX OF STRIP FOOTINGS ON A LAYERED MEDIUM 1）

提出应用精细积分算法计算多层地基的动力刚度问题.精细积分是计算层状介质中波传播的高效而精确的数值方法.利用傅里叶积分变换将层状地基的波动方程转换为频率-波数域内的两点边值问题的常微分方程组,运用精细积分方法求解格林函数,最后再将得到的频率-波数域内地基表面的动力刚度矩阵转换到频率-空间域内,进而得到刚性条带基础频率域的动力柔度或刚度矩阵.所建议的精细积分算法,可以避免一般传递矩阵计算中的指数溢出问题,对各种情况有广泛的适应性,计算稳定,在高频段可以保障收敛性,并能达到较高的计算精度.     

层状地基任意形状刚性基础动力响应求解

提出了基于积分变换、对偶方程与精细积分算法求解多层地基任意形状刚性基础的动力刚度问题. 首先在频率波数域内圆柱坐标体系中利用圆形微元的对称与反对称特性建立多层地基中格林影响函数的波动方程,然后将应力和位移关系表示成对偶形式进行精细积分求解以提高计算精度和稳定性. 再将任意形状刚性基础与地基的交界面离散化为一系列圆形微元,利用格林影响函数建立其平动与转动动力刚度的矩阵方程. 该求解方法高效、准确并且计算稳定,适于任意复杂多层地基任意形状基础动力刚度的计算.      

层状地基中单桩扭转振动特性分析

采用积分变换和Muki的方法求解了层状地基中单桩的扭转振动问题.在分析过程中,首先对基本控制方程进行Hankel变换,建立了单层地基的初参数解答和刚度矩阵,得到层状地基的递推矩阵;然后利用递推矩阵、边界条件和桩-土变形协调条件建立了层状地基中单桩扭转振动问题的基本积分方程并进行数值求解.文末数值算例给出了退化的层状地基中刚性单桩的扭转变形,其结果与已有经典解答吻合良好.同时,并研究了两层地基中单桩的扭转动力响应,分析了桩-土参数对动力响应的影响,所得结论对工程实践和桩基扭转波检测有一定的指导意义.     

结构动力方程的增维精细积分法

对线性定常结构动力系统提出的精细积分方法,能够得到在数值上逼近于精确解的结果,但对于非齐次动力方程涉及到矩阵求逆的困难。提出采用增维的办法,将非齐次动力方程转化为齐次动力方程,在实施精细积分过程中不必进行矩阵求逆,这种方法对于程序实现和提高数值稳定性十分有利,而且在大型问题中计算效率较高,从而改进了精细积分方法的应用,数值例题显示了本文方法的有效性。     

非线性动力方程的增维精细积分法

对线性定常结构的动力系统提出的精细积分法，能得到在数值上逼近于精确解的结果。但是对于非齐次动力方程却涉及到矩阵求逆的困难，而且通常与时间有关的非齐次项不能进入精细积分的细化过程。采用增维的方法，将非齐次动力方程化为齐次方程，在实施精细积分的过程中不必进行矩阵求逆。这种处理方法对于程序实现和提高数值计算的稳定性十分有利，而且在大型问题中可明显提高计算效率，数值算例显示本文方法是有效的。     

结构非线性动力方程的精细积分算法

基于线性方程精细积分的思路,对具有惯性、阻尼、刚度非线性的动力方程及参变非线性动力方程提出了一种较高精度线性化精细积分迭代计算算法,算例表明该算法可用较大的步长取得满意的计算精度,并可在较大的线性化区间获得较高的计算精度。     

周期结构动力响应的高效数值方法

提出一种计算周期结构动力响应的高效率算法. 以精细积分方法为基础, 利用周期结构的对称性和动力问题的物理特性, 分析了周期结构对应矩阵指数的特殊结构, 并基于此给出一种计算周期结构对应矩阵指数的高效率方法. 在高效和精确计算周期结构对应矩阵指数的基础上, 得到了周期结构动力响应的高效率和高精度算法. 数值算例表明, 该方法效率高且节省存储要求.      

成层非饱和地基上矩形基础稳态响应解析研究

采用积分变换法求解非饱和土的控制方程,得到变换域内土体的位移和应力表达式;建立了单层非饱和土体的刚度矩阵,并组装每一层的刚度矩阵,构成了层状地基的总体刚度矩阵;结合地基上下表面的边界条件,推导了层状非饱和地基表面位移的积分形式解答。另外,选取带有补充项的双重余弦级数解作为矩形基础的振型函数,并令其与地表位移按余弦级数展开的表达式相等,建立了矩形基础与地基的协调条件。最后,联立矩形基础的控制方程、边界条件和基础与地基之间的协调条件,求解得到矩形基础的挠度幅值、弯矩幅值以及基底压力幅值。选取已有文献中的非饱和土参数计算,其结果与文献吻合良好,验证了本文方法的正确性。本文进一步研究了单层地基和双层地基上矩形板的动力响应,分析了土体参数对矩形基础动力响应幅值的影响规律。结果表明:地基层厚与基础尺寸之比为5时,地基就可以看作半空间地基;矩形基础的稳态响应随非饱和土的饱和度的增大而减小;渗透率对矩形基础动力响应的影响不明显。     

上覆单相弹性层饱和地基上弹性基础的竖向振动分析

基于Biot动力控制方程,运用Fourier积分变换技术,并按照混合边值条件和连续条件建立了上覆单相弹性层饱和地基上弹性基础竖向振动的对偶积分方程.利用正交多项式将对偶积分方程化简,得到了动力柔度系数随无量纲频率b0的变化关系曲线,从而得到了上覆单相弹性层饱和地基上弹性基础的竖向振动规律.数值分析结果表明,对于弹性基础,当弹性基础的挠曲刚度较大时,发现弹性基础的竖向振动特性与刚性基础的类同,可忽略挠曲刚度对竖向振动的影响,且当无量纲频率较小的时候,动力柔度系数Cv随着无量纲频率b0的变化而发生显著的变化,但当无量纲频率b0较大的时候,动力柔度系数Cv受无量纲频率的影响较小,甚至基本上不受影响.当弹性基础的挠曲刚度较小时,随着挠曲刚度的减小,弹性基础的竖向振动将发生显著的变化,动力柔度系数Cv的实部和虚部的绝对值均变大.     

分层介质中Love波的扩展W-W算法

应用精细积分法(PIM)和扩展Wittrick-Williams(W-W)算法求解横观各向同性分层半空间中的Love波问题.Love波对应于波数-频率域线性常微分方程的本征值问题.精细积分法是求解线性常微分方程两端边值问题和初值问题的高精度算法.利用本征值计数技术,扩展W-W算法可以不遗漏地找到所有本征值.因此,文中使用的方法可以得到计算机精度意义下的精确解.     

Random wave propagation in a viscoelastic layered half space

An extremely efficient and accurate solution method is presented for the propagation of stationary random waves in a viscoelastic, transversely isotropic and stratified half space. The efficiency and accuracy are obtained by using the pseudo excitation method (PEM) with the precise integration method (PIM). The solid is multi-layered and located above a semi-infinite space. The excitation sources form a random field which is stationary in the time domain. PEM is used to transform the random wave equation into deterministic equations. In the frequency-wavenumber domain, these equations are ordinary differential equations which can be solved precisely by using PIM. The power spectral densities (PSDs) and the variances of the ground responses can then be computed. The paper presents the full theory and gives results for instructive examples. The comparison between the analytical solutions and the numerical results confirms that the algorithm presented in this paper has exceptionally high precision. In addition, the numerical results presented show that: surface waves are very important for the wave propagation problem discussed; the ground displacement PSDs and variances are significant over bigger regions in the spatial domain when surface waves exist; and as the depth of the source increases the ground displacement PSDs decrease and the regions over which they have significant effect become progressively more restricted to low frequencies while becoming more widely distributed in the spatial domain.     

Wave propagation in anisotropic media with non-local elasticity

In an effort to understand and quantify the effect of non-local elasticity on the wave propagation response of laminated composite layered media, a frequency-wavenumber domain based finite element method is employed. The developed elements are based on the exact solution in the transformed domain and thus exactly represent the dynamics of a layer. This feature enables to model a layer of any thickness by a single element and drastically reduces the cost of computation. The effect of non-locality on the dispersion relation and in turn on the wave response is compared with local (classical) elasticity solutions. A procedure and sample example is outlined to estimate the magnitude of the non-locality parameter by comparing the dispersion relation with lattice dynamics. The effect of non-locality, in terms of the mode-shift and appearance of dispersion on the modes of Lamb waves is further demonstrated.     

Overall constitutive description of symmetric layered media based on scattering of oblique SH waves

This papers investigates the scattering of oblique shear horizontal (SH) waves off finite periodic media made of elastic and viscoelastic layers. It further considers whether a Willis-type constitutive matrix (in temporal and spatial Fourier domain) may reproduce the scattering matrix (SM) of such a system. In answering this question the procedure to determine the relevant overall constitutive parameters for such a medium is presented. To do this, first the general form of the dispersion relation and impedances for oblique SH propagation in such coupled Willis-type media are developed. The band structure and scattering of layered media are calculated using the transfer matrix (TM) method. The dispersion relation may be derived based on the eigen-solutions of an infinite periodic domain. The wave impedances associated with the exterior surfaces of a finite thickness slab are extracted from the scattering of such a system. Based on reciprocity and available symmetries of the structure and each constituent layer, the general form of the dispersion and impedances may be simplified. The overall quantities may be extracted by equating the scattering data from TM with those expected from a Willis-type medium. It becomes evident that a Willis-type coupled constitutive tensor with components that are assumed independent of wave vector is unable to reproduce all oblique scattering data. Therefore, non-unique wave vector dependent formulations are introduced, whose SM matches that of the layered media exactly. It is further shown that the dependence of the overall constitutive tensors of such systems on the wave vector is not removable even at very small frequencies and incidence angles and that analytical considerations significantly limit the potential forms of the spatially dispersive constitutive tensors.     

Influence of sliding interfaces on the response of a layered viscoelastic medium under a moving load

This article presents a method to compute the response of a viscoelastic layered half-space to a moving load when interlayer slip is considered. The Navier equations of equilibrium are solved for each layer in the frequency domain. The solution in the spatial coordinate system is subsequently obtained by means of Fast Fourier Transform and quadrature rules applied to integrable singularities. Following the global solution technique, the developed method compiles all the interface and the boundary conditions within a global matrix and it solves a unique linear system per couple of wave numbers. This method proves to be effective and is validated in an elastic case by comparison with the ALIZE-LCPC software that implements the Burmister axisymmetric solution. The influence of the interface sliding condition on the response of a layered viscoelastic medium is studied through an application to pavement structures. In this application, the effect of the load speed on vertical and horizontal profiles of the longitudinal strain and the normal stress is analyzed. It is shown, inter alia, that the maximum extension in the medium is not systematically observed at the location of an interface and that, as expected, low speeds and interlayer slip are more damaging to the structure when either a strain or a stress criterion is considered.     

多尺度有限差分方法求解波动方程

小波分析是多尺度分析方法，本文利用具有紧支集的正交小波变换对有限差分方程进行空间多尺度近似，提出适合于层状介质波传问题数值计算的多尺度有限差分方法，将波动方程的求解转换到小波域中进行。利用小波基的自适应性与消失矩特性，有效减少了计算量、提高了稳定性，扩大了可求解的速度范围。地球物理勘探中的数值实例显示了算法具有良好效率。     

非均匀吸收介质中地震波的广义传播矩阵解法

本文在复频域内,通过应用混合变量粘弹性波方程和线性常微分方程组的指数矩阵解法,给出了一种计算非均匀吸收介质中地震波传播的广义传播矩阵解法。该方法适用于各种粘弹性模型,可模拟任意震源及所产生的各种体波、面波,数值结果表明具有很高的计算精度。     

含孔正交各向异性复合材料板的动应力集中

运用一种改进的非结构化四边形格子法,对含孔正交各向异性板条受面内冲击拉伸时弹性应力波的传播过程和孔边的动应力集中进行了研究．非结构化格子法采用与有限元类似的网格剖分方法,并基于围绕每个节点的积分平衡方程,并自然满足复杂边界的自由边界条件．计算中不需存储刚度矩阵,因而计算速度快、效率高、节省内存,在解决应力波传播问题中具有显著的优越性．通过对多种工况进行数值模拟,分析了材料的各向异性性质、纤维方向、孔径比、加载脉冲周期等参数对孔边动应力的影响,得到了一些规律性的结果．并与现有实验结果进行对比,验证了该方法的有效性．     

Theoretical analysis,numerical calculation and experimental measurement of transient elastic waves in strips subjected to dynamic loadings

In this study, the transient response of an elastic strip subjected to dynamic in-plane loadings on the surface is investigated in detail. One of the objectives of this study is to develop an effective analytical method for determining transient solutions in a strip. By applying Laplace transform, the analytical solution in the transformed domain is derived and expressed in matrix form. The solution is then decomposed into infinite wave groups in which the multiple reflected waves with the same reflection are involved. Each multi-reflected wave can be identified by a coding method and be verified by the theory of generalized ray. The inverse transform is performed by using the well-known Cagniard method. The transient solutions in time domain for stresses and displacements are expressed in a closed form and are discussed in detail by an example. The experimental results show that the early time transient responses of displacements on the surface agree very well with the numerical calculations based on the theoretical solutions.     

成层饱和介质平面波斜入射问题的一维化时域方法

地震波斜入射下自由场的输入是大型结构抗震分析中亟待解决的问题之一,尤其是成层饱和多孔介质自由场问题,由于问题的复杂性,目前研究甚少. 本文基于Biot提出的饱和多孔介质动力方程,建立了一种新的求解平面波斜入射下基岩上覆饱和多孔介质成层场地自由场分析的一维化时域计算方法. 该方法首先根据Snell定律将饱和多孔介质二维空间问题转化为一维时域问题,通过对深度方向的有限元离散,得到饱和多孔介质波动问题的一维化有限元方程,然后采用单相弹性介质精确人工边界条件模拟基岩半空间的波动辐射和输入特征,通过考虑基岩与饱和多孔介质间透水或不透水边界条件以及不同饱和多孔介质交界面边界条件,形成基岩上覆成层饱和介质系统的整体有限元方程,最后采用中心差分法与Newmark平均加速度近似格式相结合的方法对时间进行离散,得到节点的动力时程的显式表达. 典型场地的地震反应分析表明,本文方法的计算结果与传递矩阵法结合傅里叶变换的计算结果完全吻合,证明了其有效性.