Real-time diffraction gratings in DDI-methanol solutions

Nondegenerate four-wave mixing has been performed in DDI-methanol solutions using ruby laser as writing beams. The reading beam was either a pulsed one at 538.8 nm or a continuous one at 632.8 nm. Contributions from both saturation and thermal gratings were separated temporally and evaluated.     

Sound-velocity measurements in gases by laser-induced electrostrictive gratings

Laser-induced electrostrictive gratings have been applied to measure the adiabatic sound velocity in various gases on a single-pulse basis. The gratings are generated by the interference of two parallel polarized, crossed excitation beams arising from a pulsed Nd: YAG laser at 532.1 nm, and are detected by diffracting a probe beam originating from a cw Ar⁺ laser operating single-line at 514.5 nm. Measurements were performed in the overlap volume of unfocused and focused excitation beams. Using unfocused beams, the sound velocities in various gases at pressures of 5 bar were measured with a statistical error for single-pulse measurements of about 0.3%. With focused beams, the accuracy of the measurements is reduced because of the propagation of the sound waves out of the smaller overlap volume of 0.2 mm diameter and 4 mm length. Measurements with focused beams were performed in air and CO₂, with an error of about 1%.     

会聚激光扫描铌酸锂晶体写入光波导时的最佳曝光间距

对利用激光精细加工技术在铌酸锂(LiNbO₃)晶体中写入光波导时的最佳曝光间距进行了详细地理论分析和实验研究.通过数值求解简化后的光折变动力学方程组，对会聚激光束沿不同方向扫描晶体时的最佳曝光间距进行了详细的数值模拟.结果表明：最佳曝光间距的选取与写入光束的扫描方向无关；当聚焦激光束平行于光轴扫描晶体时，得不到波导结构，但可以采用“三明治”辐照方式得到对称的折射率分布.采用会聚的绿激光束扫描掺铁铌酸锂(LiNbO₃：Fe)晶体进行了实验研究，晶体中的光致折射率变 关键词： 激光精细加工 最佳曝光间距 光波导 3晶体')" href="#">LiNbO₃晶体     

白光在LiNbO3∶Fe晶体中写入的任意折射率分布光波导

在理论分析LiNbO3∶Fe晶体中光致折射率变化分布与写入光的强度分布之间关系的基础上，提出了一种在该晶体中写入具有任意折射率分布光波导的新方法.利用由白光经电寻址空间光调制器得到的强度分布不同的片光辐照晶体，分别写入了折射率呈误差函数分布和平方律分布的光波导结构.采用干涉法测量了晶体中的光致折射率变化，并用推导出的折射率变化分布解析表达式很好地拟合了测量数据.实验结果表明，该方法是可行的.利用白光光源结合高分辨率的空间光调制器有望在多种光折变材料中制备出具有任意折射率分布的高质量光波导.     

白光在LiNbO_3∶Fe晶体中写入的任意折射率分布光波导

在理论分析Li NbO3∶Fe晶体中光致折射率变化分布与写入光的强度分布之间关系的基础上,提出了一种在该晶体中写入具有任意折射率分布光波导的新方法.利用由白光经电寻址空间光调制器得到的强度分布不同的片光辐照晶体,分别写入了折射率呈误差函数分布和平方律分布的光波导结构.采用干涉法测量了晶体中的光致折射率变化,并用推导出的折射率变化分布解析表达式很好地拟合了测量数据.实验结果表明,该方法是可行的.利用白光光源结合高分辨率的空间光调制器有望在多种光折变材料中制备出具有任意折射率分布的高质量光波导.     

High-power Yb-doped continuous-wave and pulsed fibre lasers

High-power laser generation using Yb-doped double-clad fibres with conversion efficiencies in excess of 80% have attracted much attention during the last decade due to their inherent advantages in terms of very high efficiency, no misalignment due to in-built intracore fibre Bragg gratings, low thermal problems due to large surface to volume ratio, diffraction-limited beam quality, compactness, reliability and fibre-optic beam delivery. Yb-doped fibres can also provide a wide emission band from ～1010 nm to ～1170 nm, which makes it a versatile laser medium to realize continuous-wave (CW), Q-switched short pulse, and mode-locked ultrashort pulse generation for various applications. In this article, a review of Yb-doped CW and pulsed fibre lasers along with our study on self-pulsing dynamics in CW fibre lasers to find its role in high-power fibre laser development and the physical mechanisms involved in its generation has been described. A study on the generation of high-power CW fibre laser of 165 W output power and generation of high peak power nanosecond pulses from acousto-optic Q-switched fibre laser has also been presented.     

Anomalous behaviour of long-time increase in diffraction efficiency of photorefractive grating in Ce：BaTiO3 in dark

Anomalous long-time increase of the diffraction efficiency is observed in dark-decay experiments of photorefractive gratings in Ce：BaTiO3. It is deduced that a phase-conjugate beam is induced by the writing beam at acute angle to the ＋c axis of the crystal and it interferes with the other writing beam to form a second grating which is perpendicular to the first grating formed by the interference between two writing beams. The rising behaviour of the diffraction efficiency results from the different decay rates of these two photorefractive gratings. Furthermore, a simplified model of two gratings, both induced by two deep traps, is proposed to account for this phenomenon and the fitting results agree well with the experimental results.     

Spectral Beam Combining of Fiber Lasers by Using Reflecting Volume Bragg Gratings

By employing three reflecting volume Bragg gratings,a near-infrared 4-channel spectral-beam-combining system is demonstrated to present 720 W combined power with a combining efficiency of 94.7%.The combined laser beam is near-diffraction-limited with a beam factor M~2~1.54.During this 4-channel beam-combining process,no special active cooling measures are used to evaluate the volume Bragg gratings as combining elements are under the higher power laser operation.Thermal expansion and period distortion are verified in a 2kW 2-channel beam-combining process,and the heat issue in the transmission case is found to be more remarkable than that in the diffraction case.Transmitted and diffracted beams experience wave-front aberrations with different degrees,thus leading to distinct beam deterioration.     

高功率高效率光纤耦合半导体激光模块研制

采用光束整形和空间合束的方法,研制出高功率、高效率多阵列光纤耦合半导体激光模块。将波长为976nm连续工作的5个标准半导体阵列,通过对快轴进行准直和快慢轴光束旋转的方式进行光束整形,准直后进行空间合束,经耦合透镜聚焦,耦合入芯径400μm、数值孔径0.22的光纤。测量结果显示:光纤的出光功率最大可达到327 W,光纤耦合效率大于93.6%。     

Photofabrication of periodic microstructures in azodye-doped polymers by interference of laser beams

Volume holographic gratings and two-dimensional periodic microstructures in azodye-doped polymethylmethacrylate were fabricated, respectively, by interference of two coherent beams of a femtosecond laser and by interference of three coherent beams of a nanosecond laser. The dependence of the first-order Bragg diffraction efficiency and the photoinduced refractive-index modulation of the gratings on the intensity of the writing light was investigated. The measurements of the absorption spectra before and after irradiation with the writing light suggest that the photoinduced gratings were refractive-index-modulated gratings, which arose from a photoinduced decomposition reaction of the azodye molecules through multiphoton absorption. In the experiments involving the interference of three beams, the period of the two-dimensional periodic microstructures was changed by adjusting the angle between the three writing beams. Received: 10 July 2002 / Revised version: 5 September 2002 / Published online: 20 December 2002 RID="*" ID="*"Corresponding author. Fax: +81-774/955206, E-mail: jhsi@photon.jst.go.jp     

Study on Optimum Incident Angles of Cross Polarized Four-Wave Mixing with a Photorefractive Crystal

We consider the optimum incident angles of cross polarized four-wave mixing with a photorefractive crystal. First, the phase matching angles are obtained for two operation modes: one in which the writing beams are ordinary rays and the reading beam is an extraordinary ray, we call this Mode 1. The other in which the writing beams are extraordinary rays and the reading beam is an ordinary ray, Mode 2. Next, practicable ranges of the incident angles are calculated considering of the total internal reflection of the phase conjugate beam in cases where the two writing beams illuminate the same surface of the BaTiO₃ crystal and where they illuminate the neighboring right-angled surfaces, respectively. Then, the coupling coefficient is determined as a function of the incident angle, and the optimum incident angles for effective beam interaction in Mode 1 and Mode 2 are estimated.     

Development of rotating diffraction gratings and their use in laser anemometry

All-glass rotating diffraction gratings developed for use as beam splitting frequency shifters in laser Doppler anemometers are described. The gratings are produced using etching techniques and can be exposed to high power laser beams. Advantages of using these gratings in optical arrangements are that they are simple to set-up and easy to align.     

产生钠导引星星群的钠信标激光合/分束技术

研究了脉冲光束的偏振和时序非相干合成技术,通过偏振合束器将两路50 W级500 Hz的589 nm钠信标激光在空间上合为一束光线,成功突破了100 W级μs脉冲全固态钠信标激光输出;利用脉冲激光同步延时器控制两路激光脉冲的时序,使其按先后顺序合成一束脉冲激光,重复频率提升到1 kHz。合束后的激光光束质量M²约为1.41,与单光束的光束质量基本保持一致,光斑抖动性约为40μrad,可满足激光钠导引星自适应光学系统的应用需求。与传统的相干合成方法相比,该偏振和时序非相干合成方案具有结构简单、稳定、效率高的优点,且整个系统无需复杂的相位控制机制,为脉冲激光功率扩展提供了新途径。基于上述技术基础,结合自主提出的精密偏振分光专利技术,在丽江天文台通过一台发射望远镜将四束25 W/束的μs脉冲黄激光发射到钠层,成功产生了四颗钠导引星,这一结果将有助于推动大型地基光学望远镜中多层共轭自适应光学技术的发展。     

Nonlinear optical effects in amorphous-like SiCON films

We have found that IR bicolor coherent poling of the SiCON films with the pulsed IR 200 ps laser pulses causes sufficiently high values of the second-order optical susceptibilities. The dependence of the second-order susceptibility versus the fundamental power density as well as versus the time of the optical poling and writing/fundamental beam ratios indicate on substantial role of the N / C ratio. Maximally achieved value of the second-order optical susceptibility was equal to about 9 pm / V.

In the case of our films we have shown that optimal incident angle of the writing beam with respect to the sample's surface for the achievement of optimal grating is equal to about 67°. Optimal ratio between the fundamental and writing beams was equal about 30. The grating is destroyed during the 10 min after the interruption of optical treatment.     

Diffractive responses to optical wave-train excitations in nanotube-doped nematics

Diffractive properties of temporary holographic gratings were studied in cells of the homogeneously aligned nematic E7 doped with a trace of carbon nanotubes. These phase gratings were induced by interference modulation of the pulsed wave-train excitation of two coherent writing beams, in conjunction with an externally applied dc voltage. The effects of the optical excitation on the diffraction efficiencies and the decay time constants were observed to be strongly dependent on the pulse width of the writing beams. PACS 42.40.Lx; 42.70.Df; 42.70.Ln; 81.05.Tp     

体布拉格光栅滤波片及其光谱成像应用

利用厚体布拉格光栅的波长选择特性对目标光场进行窄带滤波,是实现高光谱成像的一种新途径。基于严格耦合波理论,设计了体布拉格光栅结构,探索了厚体布拉格光栅的制作工艺,搭建系统光路验证了体布拉格光栅的光谱成像能力。研究结果表明:要获得较窄滤波谱宽,需要提高体布拉格光栅的厚度周期比,并严格控制入射光束发散角;刻写光束质量、震动和偏振会极大地影响制作的光栅条纹面质量,需要从优化写入光的光束均匀性、采用防震措施以及调整两刻写光束偏振一致性等方面优化刻写过程,以提高光栅的衍射效率和质量;验证了体布拉格光栅滤波片进行空间二维面阵成像的能力,宽谱光源透射条件下,通过对入射光束进行准直,滤波谱宽5 nm左右,空间分辨率约4 lines/mm;漫反射条件下,使用体布拉格光栅对进行色散补偿,能够实现较为清晰的成像,空间分辨率约4.9 lines/mm。     

Simulation of longitudinal dynamics of laser-cooled and RF-bunched C~(3+) ion beams at heavy ion storage ring CSRe

Laser cooling of Li-like C~(3+)and O~(4+)relativistic heavy ion beams is planned at the experimental Cooler Storage Ring(CSRe). Recently, a preparatory experiment to test important prerequisites for laser cooling of relativistic~(12)C~(3+)ion beams using a pulsed laser system has been performed at the CSRe. Unfortunately, the interaction between the ions and the pulsed laser cannot be detected. In order to study the laser cooling process and find the optimized parameters for future laser cooling experiments, a multi-particle tracking method has been developed to simulate the detailed longitudinal dynamics of laser-cooled ion beams at the CSRe. Simulations of laser cooling of the~(12)C~(3+)ion beams by scanning the frequency of the RF-buncher or continuous wave(CW) laser wavelength have been performed. The simulation results indicate that ion beams with a large momentum spread could be laser-cooled by the combination of only one CW laser and the RF-buncher, and show the requirements of a successful laser cooling experiment. The optimized parameters for scanning the RF-buncher frequency or laser frequency have been obtained.Furthermore, the heating effects have been estimated for laser cooling at the CSRe. The Schottky noise spectra of longitudinally modulated and laser-cooled ion beams have been simulated to fully explain and anticipate the experimental results. The combination of Schottky spectra from the highly sensitive resonant Schottky pick-up and the simulation methods developed in this paper will be helpful to investigate the longitudinal dynamics of RF-bunched and ultra-cold ion beams in the upcoming laser cooling experiments at the CSRe.     

超短脉冲激光光束在一维反射型体全息光栅中的衍射

基于Kogelnik的耦合波理论,研究了在色散效应的影响下,超短脉冲激光光束在反射型体全息光栅中衍射的性质.研究给出了衍射光及透射光在频谱域及时间域的振幅及强度分布、光栅的光谱宽度及衍射效率随光栅参量及入射条件的变化.数值研究的结果表明,在光栅记录介质色散效应的影响下,衍射光束的光谱宽度减小,脉冲展宽,衍射效率降低.通过适当的选取光栅参量及入射条件,可以控制衍射和透射光束的频谱和时间强度分布,得到满意的衍射和透射光束的带宽和波形,从而可以将其应用于脉冲整形等技术中.     

利用傅里叶变换全息图实现彩色胶片存储

本文提出一种利用傅里叶变换全息图存储彩色胶片的方法.在参考光路和透明片后置入采栅,以红、绿、蓝三种波长记录+1级谱的点全息图.当三色光分别照明各自的全息图时,可再现两个真彩色图像.     

Diffraction properties of multi-layer volume holographic gratings under an ultrashort pulsed beam with arbitrary temporal profiles

The diffraction properties of a system of multi-layer volume holographic gratings under an ultrashort pulsed beam with arbitrary temporal profiles are investigated using the multi-layer coupled wave theory. The dependence of the pulse profiles of the diffracted beams, diffraction bandwidth and the total diffraction efficiency of the multi-layer system on the temporal profiles of the input ultrashort pulse are investigated. The calculated results indicate that the temporal shape of the input pulsed beams is an important factor in the analysis of the propagation characteristics. The analysis of this paper will be valuable for the applications of pulse shaping, processing and filter.