钯和四齿膦配体催化剂应用于Heck反应的研究

设计合成了以联萘二胺为骨架的四齿膦配体N,N,N',N'-四(二苯基膦甲基)-(1,1'-联萘)-2,2'-二胺,并将其与钯组成的催化体系用于苯乙烯和芳卤的Heck反应,该催化体系对各种卤代芳烃都表现出了很高的催化活性.对活化底物对溴苯腈,即使底物与催化剂的物质的量比达到10 000,反应20 h几乎能达到定量转化;该催化体系对活性更低的杂环底物也取得了良好的催化效果.     

碘化亚铜/乙二胺催化氮杂环化合物的N-芳基化反应

以碘化亚铜/乙二胺为催化体系,研究了卤代芳烃和氮杂环化合物的Ullmann反应。 结果表明,氮杂环化合物的pKa越小,芳基化反应越容易进行,p-π共轭形成的富电子卤代芳烃有利于反应,非p-π共轭的富电子卤代芳烃使反应变难。     

纯水中有氧条件下Pd/C催化的无配体Suzuki反应简

报道一种在纯水中Pd/C催化的高效Suzuki反应体系,该体系无需除氧,且无外加配体和添加剂,底物普适性广泛,含有亲水或疏水基团的溴代芳烃都能被高效活化. 此外,对部分杂环芳烃与芳基硼酸的偶联反应也有较好的催化效果. 该催化剂可高效循环使用三次,且性能无明显下降.     

钯催化卤代芳烃的胺化反应研究

钯催化卤代芳烃胺化是形成Car-N的重要方法.配体的发展扩展了底物的适用范围, 提高了反应的选择性,实现了廉价易得的氯代芳烃的胺化,弱碱的使用提高了官能团的兼 容性,因此Pd催化芳胺化广泛应用于合成芳胺类化合物.本文以卤代芳烃为线索,对钯催化偶联胺化反应的研究进展进行了综述和展望.     

在催化体系可回收和无配体条件下溴化四丁基铵中钯催化卤代芳烃与芳基硼酸的Suzuki-Miyaura交叉偶联反应

我们发展一种在催化体系可回收和无配体条件下溴化四丁基铵（TBAB）中钯催化卤代芳烃与芳基硼酸的Suzuki-Miyaura交叉偶联反应方法。我们发现水的量对反应有很大的影响。当水的用量为1 %（质量比）时,反应的结果最好。在3 mol%的醋酸钯和1.5 g的TBAB（含1%的水）,一系列卤代芳烃与芳基硼酸的顺利地发生Suzuki-Miyaura交叉偶联反应,得到中等及良好的产率。而且在溴代芳烃和活泼的氯代芳烃的交叉反应中,Pd(OAc)2/TBAB催化体系可以回收重复使用多次,并且催化活性基本不变。     

无配体Cu2O纳米线催化C—N/C—O偶联反应

介绍了由TiO2纳米阵列管上负载Cu2O纳米线,制备新型纳米催化剂Cu2O/TiO2NTs的方法.应用该新型催化剂,研究了其对卤代芳烃的C—N,C—O偶联反应的催化作用,结果表明Cu2O/TiO2NTs不仅能很好地催化溴代芳烃与氮/氧亲核试剂的反应,而且可顺利催化氯代芳烃的反应,得到中等及优良的产率.催化剂循环使用试验证实,催化剂在该体系中能被回收利用5次收率基本稳定.     

环钯-[PPh4]Br体系催化氯代芳烃的Heck芳基化反应研究

以氯代芳烃为底物，季鏻盐[PPh4]Br为助催化剂，用于环钯催化的Heek芳基化反应．结果表明，在环钯-[PPh4]Br催化体系中，以Na2CO3作为碱性试剂，使用0．3mol％Pd的环钯催化剂催化氯苯的Heek反应，就可得到比较高的产率（88％）和转化率（90％）．对于大部分卤代芳烃Heck反应而言，环钯-[PPh4]Br是一种有效的催化体系，即使是对含推电子基团的不活泼的氯代芳烃，在此体系中也能获得比较好的结果．此外，文中还探讨了反应温度、[PPh4]Br／Pd比值及催化剂回用对反应活性的影响．     

基于简单高效钯纳米粒子催化Suzuki偶联反应的研究

一种简单、高效的钯纳米粒子催化体系被用于Suzuki偶联反应中.该催化体系对含各种官能团的卤代芳烃和芳基硼酸都表现出了非常高的催化活性.当用对硝基溴苯作底物时,在催化剂用量低至0.001 mol%时转化数能达到90000,这也证实了该催化体系有比较好的稳定性和较长的寿命.     

咔唑桥连NCN齿形钯配合物催化的唑类C-H键直接芳基化反应

基于咔唑的强给电子能力合成了一种对空气稳定的齿形钯配合物催化剂(C1~C6).这种钯催化剂可高效催化唑类和溴代芳烃的直接芳基化反应,在空气条件下,碳酸钾为碱,无需其他添加剂,即取得了较好的催化活性与底物普适性.在相对温和的条件和催化剂用量为0.5mol%时,即可实现噻唑与溴代芳烃直接芳基化反应顺利进行.值得一提的是,这是目前以KOAc为碱的反应体系中,反应活性最高的催化体系.     

咔唑桥连NCN齿形钯配合物催化的唑类C—H键直接芳基化反应（英文）

基于咔唑的强给电子能力合成了一种对空气稳定的齿形钯配合物催化剂(C1～C6).这种钯催化剂可高效催化唑类和溴代芳烃的直接芳基化反应,在空气条件下,碳酸钾为碱,无需其他添加剂,即取得了较好的催化活性与底物普适性.在相对温和的条件和催化剂用量为0.5mol%时,即可实现噻唑与溴代芳烃直接芳基化反应顺利进行.值得一提的是,这是目前以KOAc为碱的反应体系中,反应活性最高的催化体系.     

N,N-dimethyl-beta-alanine as an inexpensive and efficient ligand for palladium-catalyzed Heck reaction

N,N-Dimethyl-beta-alanine was found to be a more powerful phosphine-free ligand than the previously reported ligand, N,N-dimethylglycine, in the Pd-catalyzed Heck reaction for a variety of aryl bromides, aryl iodides, and activated aryl chlorides with a practical turnover number of 10(3). Both kinetic and theoretical studies suggested that N,N-dimethyl-beta-alanine led to faster oxidative addition of an aryl halide to Pd than N,N-dimethylglycine. [reaction: see text]     

Copper bronze catalyzed Heck reaction in ionic liquids

Heck reaction of aryl iodides and activated aryl bromides catalyzed by copper bronze in tetrabutylammonium bromide as solvent and tetrabutylammonium acetate as base was developed. The effective catalysts are Cu nanoparticles deriving from the reaction of iodobenzene with copper bronze. These nanoparticles are very stable in tetraalkylammonium salts, are easily recycled, and can be stored for months without a loss of catalytic efficiency. [reaction: see text]     

Heck reaction catalyzed by PD-modified zeolites.

[Pd]-exchanged NaY zeolites have been prepared, characterized, and applied for the first time for catalytic carbon-carbon coupling reactions. The catalysts exhibit a high activity and selectivity toward the Heck reaction of aryl bromides with olefins for small palladium concentrations (< or =0.1 mol % of Pd). The catalysts can easily be separated from the reaction mixture and reused after washing without loss in activity. No limitation to the diffusion of adducts in the zeolite cages was observed (for linear alkenes). The electronic nature of the aryl bromides and the olefins has a dominating effect on the reaction yield and selectivity. The heterogeneous catalysts quantitatively convert all types of all aryl bromide (complete conversion of bromobenzene within 30 min) and activated aryl chlorides under standard reaction conditions. Product form selectivity is observed in the Heck reaction with cyclic olefins.     

Chugaev‐type bis(acyclic diaminocarbenes) as a new ligand class for the palladium‐catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck reaction

A series of differently substituted Chugaev‐type palladium bis(acyclic diaminocarbene) complexes was screened to identify the most active catalyst for Mizoroki–Heck coupling reactions of aryl bromides with styrene. The best catalyst, which contains three methyl groups on the bis(carbene) ligand, gives excellent coupling yields at 120 °C for both activated and deactivated aryl bromides. However, activity with aryl chlorides is limited to electron‐deficient examples. The optimized catalyst demonstrates limited air and moisture stability, giving reduced yields in couplings of activated aryl bromides in open‐flask conditions. The modular synthesis of this class of catalysts should allow further fine‐tuning of activity in Mizoroki–Heck and related coupling reactions. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Heck reactions of alkenes with aryl iodides and aryl bromides: Rate-determining steps deduced from a comparative kinetic study of competing and noncompeting reactions

Joint kinetic analysis of competition and noncompetition experiments can provide important information and sometimes a direct answer concerning the rate-determining step of a catalytic reaction. Applying this approach to the Heck reaction has demonstrated that alkenes; reactive aryl iodides; and, contrary to the conventional opinion, unactivated aryl bromides participate in rapid steps of the Heck reaction. For aryl iodides, the rate-determining step includes the dissociation of a C-H bond. At the same time, kinetic data for the dissolution of palladium reacting with aryl bromides suggest that the rate of the catalytic reaction is determined by the slow dissolution of palladium aggregates.     

Double arylation of allyl alcohol via a one-pot Heck arylation-isomerization-acylation cascade

A one-pot, two-step catalytic protocol has been developed. A regioselective Heck coupling between aryl bromides and allyl alcohol leads to the generation of arylated allyl alcohols that in situ isomerize to give aldehydes, which then undergo an acylation reaction with a second aryl bromide. A variety of aryl bromides can be employed in both the initial Heck reaction and the acylation, providing easy access to a wide variety of substituted dihydrochalcones.     

Heck reaction catalyzed by Pd/C, in a triphasic-organic/Aliquat 336/aqueous-solvent system

The rate of the Pd/C catalyzed Heck coupling of Ar-I with CH(2)=CH-R is accelerated tenfold by the presence of Aliquat 336 (A336), a well known phase transfer catalyst, and an ionic liquid. Both when conducted in A336 as solvent, and in an isooctane/A336/aqueous triphasic mixture, the Heck reaction of aryl iodides with electron deficient olefins, catalyzed by Pd/C, proceeds with high yields and selectivity. When KOH is used instead of Et(3)N, selective formation of the biphenyl rather than the Heck product, is observed. Aryl bromides react more sluggishly, and only the more activated ones undergo the Heck reaction. In the absence of the olefin, aryl halides possessing an electron withdrawing group are reduced to the corresponding Ar-H.     

Sterically bulky thioureas as air- and moisture-stable ligands for pd-catalyzed Heck reactions of aryl halides

We demonstrate that sterically bulky N,N'-disubstituted cyclic thiourea-Pd(0) complexes are air- and moisture-stable and highly active catalysts for palladium-catalyzed Heck reaction of aryl iodides and bromides with olefins (TONs up to 500000 for the reaction of PhI and methyl acrylate). Even activated aryl chlorides can undergo complete conversion in Bu(4)NBr in the presence of 1 mol % Pd catalyst.     

A versatile catalyst for Heck reactions of aryl chlorides and aryl bromides under mild conditions.

In the presence of Cy2NMe, Pd/P(t-Bu)3 serves as an exceptionally mild and versatile catalyst for Heck reactions of aryl chlorides and bromides. A sterically and electronically diverse array of aryl bromides, as well as activated aryl chlorides, couple with a range of mono- and disubstituted olefins at room temperature, furnishing the arylated product with high E/Z stereoselection. The corresponding reactions of a broad spectrum of electron-neutral and electron-rich aryl chlorides proceed at elevated temperature, also with high selectivity. In terms of scope and mildness, Pd/P(t-Bu)3/Cy2NMe represents an advance over previously reported catalysts for these Heck coupling processes.     

competing reaction method for identification of fast and slow steps of catalytic cycles: Application to heck and Suzuki reactions

A method for identification of fast and slow steps of catalytic cycles is suggested. This method provides reliable data for reactions conducted at an unsteady-state catalyst concentration. It has been used in the determination of the rate-determining step in the Heck reaction of aryl bromides and in the Suzuki reaction of aryl bromides and aryl iodides. The data obtained by this method are in agreement with the data obtained by other methods, including kinetic isotope effect measurements.