三波片偏振态变换器误差分析

在相干光通信和高速光纤通信等领域,要求偏振变换器具有高的偏振变换精度。对由两个可独立旋转的λ／4波片和一个可独立旋转的λ／2皮片组成的三波片偏振变换器的偏振变换误差进行了详细的分析。利用二维几何方法推导出了由波片方位角误差造成的偏振变换误差模型,并进行了数值计算。研究结果表明,三波片不同的组合方式对偏振态的变换精度有影响。其中,λ／4 λ／2 λ／4组合具有最高的偏振变换精度,λ／2 λ／4 λ／4次之,λ／4 λ／4 λ／2的最差;经三种偏振变换器变换后偏振态的方位角的变换误差较大,变换后偏振态的椭率角的误差很小;三种偏振变换器都可以实现较高精度的任意偏振态变换。     

偏光器件的Jones矩阵研究

利用Jones矩阵分析了双λ/4波片对正入射线偏振光的复合效应,结果表明:当入射线偏振光光矢量与第一只λ/4波片的快(慢)轴方向成π/4角时,出射线偏振光光矢量相对入射光光矢量转过的角度只与第二只λ/4波片的快轴与入射光光矢量方向的夹角有关;分析研究了线偏振元件的Jones矩阵,给出了判断偏振态和获得左、右旋圆(或椭圆)偏振光的方法。     

消色差λ/4波片的系统级标定方法研究

消色差/4波片具有一定的二向色性和相位延迟量误差,导致仪器偏振测量产生误差。从考虑全偏振CCD相机自身偏振效应的辐射模型入手,借助积分球辐射源和高精度辅助旋转偏振器,研究系统级非理想消色差/4波片的标定方法。结果发现:消色差/4波片的二向色性和相位延迟量参数随仪器的工作波长与带宽发生变化,波段650 nm（相位延迟量88.90）和750 nm（相位延迟量88.65）消色差效果相对较好,而波片在波段850 nm（相位延迟量84.33）相位量偏差较大;通过相位延迟量的标准误差分析,得出消色差/4波片的系统级标定方法精度优于0.8。     

分振幅型全Stokes同时偏振成像系统波片相位延迟误差分析

分振幅型全Stokes同时偏振成像仪具有实时性好、空间分辨率高、精度高等优点,有很高的应用价值.分振幅型全Stokes同时偏振成像系统利用偏振分束器、1/2波片和1/4波片将入射光Stokes矢量调制在4幅图像中,可解析入射光Stokes矢量. 1/2波片和1/4波片的相位延迟误差对Stokes矢量测量精度有着不可忽略的影响.建立了包含上述两种误差的Stokes矢量测量误差方程,分析了1/2波片和1/4波片相位延迟耦合误差对自然光、0°/45°线偏光、左旋圆偏光等典型基态入射光的Stokes矢量测量误差的影响,推导了任意偏振态的Stokes矢量测量误差的表征方法.在邦加球球面和球内选取不同偏振度的Stokes矢量作为入射光进行仿真.结果表明, Stokes矢量测量误差和偏振度测量误差均随着入射光偏振度的增大而增大.选取入射光偏振度为1时的偏振测量精度评估系统.为满足2%的偏振测量精度, 1/2波片相位延迟误差应在±1.6°内, 1/4波片相位延迟误差应在±0.5°内.这对提高系统的偏振测量精度具有重要意义,为系统设计和研制提供了重要的理论指导.     

基于铌酸锂晶体的电控λ／2波片

利用有限元法分析了双面电板下铌酸锂晶体内部的电场分布。在规定匀强电场区域条件下,得到匀强电场区域大小随晶体宽度与电极宽度比值增大而增大的规律。在此基础上利用铌酸锂晶体的双横向普克尔效应设计了一种适用于任意光波长的电控λ／2波片。制作并测试了晶体宽度与电极宽度之比分别为2：1和3：1的电控铌酸锂λ／2波片,结果表明：这种波片可将一束线偏振的输入光转换成任意方向偏振的输出光,也可将任意偏振方向的输入光转换成固定方向偏振的输出光,并且晶体宽度与电极宽度比值越大,实验值与理论值符合得越好。     

抑制CW锁模倍频Nd:YAG激光器绿光输出波动的研究

CW锁模倍频Nd:YAG激光器输出绿光波动的问题用现存的腔内倍频理论无法解释,本文从理论上扼要分析了λ/4波片能有效抑制波动的机理,并得到了相互独立的垂直偏振模之间的耦合引起了输出绿光波动的结论。     

偏振控制器完成任意偏振态变化的最小自由度研究

偏振控制器(PC)是处理光纤中信号偏振态(SOP)的重要器件,它是偏振模色散(PMD)自适应补偿器的重要组成部分.以两种类型的商用偏振控制器为例,理论和实验证明了转变任意输入态到庞加莱(Poincaré)球上其他任何状态至少需要调整三个自由度而不是两个自由度.因此至少需要控制每一阶段的PMD补偿器中偏振控制器上的三个自由度而不是两个白由度,才能够实现完全的PMD补偿.     

可变波片构造等效线性可转波片的研究

利用四元数理论分析了可变延迟波片,并依此由可变延迟波片组合构造了等效可转线性半波片和四分之一波片.提出由可变延迟波片按可转波片控制算法设计偏振控制器,以避免可变延迟波片偏振控制器所需的复位重置过程.仿真结果显示,按此构想得到的四波片控制器,能把任意偏振态转换为固定线偏振输出,其光强波动小于1%,相移范围不超过2π,控制过程不需要附加复位操作,其相移变化平缓.     

光纤中光的偏振态的几种表示方法

阐述了光纤中影响光的偏振态的几个因素。用椭圆表示法和邦加（Poincare)球图形表示法对光的任意偏振态进行了描述，并用平面的史密斯圆图来等效邦加球。编制了QUICK BASIC计算机程序，绘制了史密斯圆图的等α线、等δ线和等β线，程序能快速显示任意偏振态的椭圆表示和史密斯圆图表示，讨论了史密斯圆图的特性和应用。     

波片光轴偏差对偏振分光光束振幅和相位的影响研究

研究了在线偏振光入射、波片和偏振分束器结合使用时波片光轴偏差对偏振分束器分出的两束光的振幅和相位的影响。给出了在两种放置情况下,任意波片光轴方向偏差对偏振分光光束振幅和相位影响的表达式。详细分析了1/4波片和1/8波片的影响性质,给出了具体的振幅和相位影响关系式。     

偏振态的高速实时测量方法的研究

偏振态的测量在光通信领域有着重要的作用,因此越来越受到人们的关注。在分析现有方案的基础上,推导出了新的斯托克斯计算公式,以此公式为依据提出了一种能对高速变化的偏振态进行实时测量的新方案,并对可能产生的误差因素进行了分析。给出了制作实用化测量模块所要达到的器件要求和制作工艺。     

Spectroscopic polarimetry with a channeled spectrum

We describe a novel method for the spectroscopic measurement of the state of polarization (SOP) of light. A pair of thick birefringent retarders is incorporated into the spectroscopic polarimeter, so the generated channeled spectrum is composed of three quasi-cosinusoidal components carrying the information about the SOP of the light that is being measured. Fourier inversion of the channeled spectrum provides significant parameters for determination of the spectrally resolved Stokes parameters of light. No mechanically movable components for polarization control or active devices for polarization modulation are used, and all the Stokes parameters can be determined at once from only the single spectrum. The effectiveness of this method is demonstrated by the generation of elliptically polarized light whose SOP varies with wave number.     

A High-Precision Quasi-optical Polarizer for Zeeman Splitting Observations

A series of grooved dielectric quarter-wave plates was made for radio astronomical Zeeman splitting observations at millimeter wavelengths. To meet the stringent requirements on reflection and polarization purity, a design method was formulated based on optimization of multiple reflections. The method solves the problem of achieving low reflections for both polarization components while attaining high purity of circular polarization. Several plates have been manufactured, tested, and used successfully for astronomical observations.     

SOP and PMD monitoring on deployed aerial optical fibres

State of polarization (SOP) and polarization mode dispersion (PMD) are stochastic in nature due to changes in the properties of the optical fibres and its positions because of both intrinsic and extrinsic perturbations. With 184 PMD values obtained by use of the FTB-5700 single-ended dispersion analyzer, the predicted theoretical Gaussian fit was obtained with a mean of 0.47 ps and standard deviation of 0.08 ps. This small standard deviation was justification for its accuracy in measuring PMD of aerial optical fibres. A comparison is also made on the accuracy of the GINTY and the FTB-5700 on measurement of PMD of aerial optical fibres with results showing that the latter is more accurate compared to the former. The time scale over which to compensate PMD in aerial optical fibres was determined and it is slightly higher than 400 s; the decorrelation time obtained for SOPs on a particular windy and hot day. This is because the changes of the PMD vector are known to be slower than SOP changes.     

A Polarization-Stabilized Fiber-Optical Output Infrared Laser Source

In this paper, we successfully invented a polarization controlled light source for coherent or noncoherent fiber communication systems. The structure of our experiment includes 89C51 control board and feedback circuit which can stabilize states of polarization (SOPs) of output light. From the SOP modulation results, the given degree of polarization can be effectively controlled and the polarization state can be arbitrarily changed.     

Polarization conversions of diffractive wave plates based on orthogonal circular-polarization holography

A polarization holographic grating, which integrates the functions of a grating and a wave plate and is called a diffractive wave plate, is recorded by two beams(left and right circularly polarized) of a 532 nm laser in an azo polymer with a liquid-crystal structure. The polarization conversion characteristics of the diffractive wave plates are investigated with a detecting light of 650 nm by metering the polarization state of first-order diffracted light.It is confirmed that the diffractive wave plates convert the incident linear polarization into circular polarization for a linearly polarized probe laser and reverse the sense of rotation of the circular polarization when the detecting light is circularly polarized light.     

Stabilization of a channeled spectropolarimeter by self-calibration

A novel method to stabilize a channeled spectropolarimeter is described. The fluctuating retardations of the high-order retarders used in the spectropolarimeter are calibrated in parallel to the measurement of the wavenumber-dependent state of polarization (SOP) of light. Both the calibration of the retarders and the measurement of the SOP can be made simultaneously using a single light to be measured, and hence the resultant wavenumber-dependent SOP is almost immune to fluctuation of the retardations. The effectiveness of this method is experimentally demonstrated with retardation fluctuations induced by a temperature change up to 40 degrees C.     

Polarization of light transmitted through a polymer film with nanosized droplets of liquid crystal

A method is developed for analyzing the state of polarization of a plane wave transmitted through a polymer-dispersed liquid-crystal (PDLC) film with nanosized liquid-crystal (LC) droplets. This method is based on the anisotropic-dipole approximation for describing scattering by a separate droplet and on the Foldy-Twersky approximation for describing propagation of light in a film. Equations are obtained that relate the ellipsometric parameters of coherent (direct) light transmitted through a PDLC film to the order parameters that characterize the morphological and structural properties of the film. Elliptic and circular polarizations and the rotation of the plane of polarization of a wave transmitted through a film are investigated under the normal illumination of the PDLC film by a linearly polarized plane wave. The order parameters of the PDLC film are determined as a function of a control field under the transition from a partially ordered structure of optical axes of LC droplets to a homeotropic structure.     

偏振光斯托克斯参量的高速实时测量技术

为了满足对高速变化的偏振态的测量,提出一种能够对偏振态实现高速测量的技术。阐述了利用1/4波片与起偏器测量偏振光的斯托克斯参量常规的原理和方法,根据高速测量的要求推导出了新的斯托克斯参量计算公式,并依据此公式设计了基于多通道偏振态高速测量的方案,设计了具体的方法并编写了控制与算法程序。测试表明,该系统的测量速度达到了每秒700次偏振态测量,测量速度主要由电子线路的性能决定,测得的结果稳定可靠实现了光纤传输偏振态的高速测量。     

Real-time analysis of partially polarized light with a space-variant subwavelength dielectric grating

A novel method for real-time polarization measurement is presented. The method is based on a space-variant wave plate that we realized as a computer-generated space-variant subwavelength dielectric grating. The Stokes parameters of the incident beam are determined by Fourier analysis of the space-variant intensity transmitted through the grating and an analyzer. We discuss the design and realization of such wave plates and demonstrate our technique with polarization measurements of both polarized and partially polarized CO(2)-laser radiation at a wavelength of 10.6 mum.