Continuously decreasing solutions for a general iterative equation

Most known results on polynomial-like iterative equations are concentrated to increasing solutions. Without the uniformity of orientation and monotonicity, it becomes much more difficult for decreasing cases. In this paper, we prove the existence of decreasing solutions for a general iterative equation, which was proposed as an open problem in [J. Zhang, L. Yang, W. Zhang, Some advances on functional equations, Adv. Math. (China) 24 (1995) 385–405] (or [W. Zhang, J.A. Baker, Continuous solutions of a polynomial-like iterative equation with variable coefficients, Ann. Polon. Math. 73 (2000) 29–36]).     

Leading coefficient problem for polynomial-like iterative equations

Because of difficulties in applying fixed point theorems, most of known results on the polynomial-like iterative equation were given by assuming λ₁>0 and the existence of solutions under the most natural assumption λn>0 is an interesting problem, called “Leading Coefficient Problem”. For this problem locally expansive invertible C¹ solutions are obtained in the expansive case and the non-hyperbolic case in [W. Zhang, On existence for polynomial-like iterative equations, Results Math. 45 (2004) 185-194] and C⁰ increasing solutions are constructed in [B. Xu, W. Zhang, Construction of continuous solutions and stability for the polynomial-like iterative equation, J. Math. Anal. Appl. 325 (2007) 1160-1170]. In this paper we discuss C¹ solutions for more combinations between expansive mappings and contractive ones and combinations between increasing mappings and decreasing ones.     

Convex solutions of the polynomial-like iterative equation with variable coefficients

In this paper, by applying the Schauder''s fixed point theorem we prove the existence of increasing and decreasing solutions of the polynomial-like iterative equation with variable coefficients and further completely investigate increasing convex (or concave) solutions and decreasing convex (or concave) solutions of this equation. The uniqueness and continuous dependence of those solutions are also discussed     

Convex solutions of polynomial-like iterative equations

In this paper convex solutions and concave solutions of polynomial-like iterative equations are investigated. A result for non-monotonic solutions is given first and applied then to prove the existence of convex continuous solutions and concave ones. Furthermore, another condition for convex solutions, which is weaker in some aspects, is also given. The uniqueness and stability of those solutions are also discussed.     

DIFFERENTIABILITY FOR THE HIGH DIMENSIONAL POLYNOMIAL-LIKE ITERATIVE EQUATION

This paper studies the smoothness of solutions of the higher dimensional polynomial-like iterative equation. The methods given by Zhang Weinian^[7] and by Kulczycki M, Tabor J.^[3] are improved by constructing a new operator for the structure of the equation in order to apply fixed point theorems. Existence, uniqueness and stability of continuously differentiable solutions are given.     

Remark on invariant curves for planar mappings

Bounded solutions for a functional equation were investigated by Ng and Zhang [C. T. Ng, W. Zhang, Invariant curves for planar mapping, J. Difference Eqn. Appl. 3 (1997) 147-168]. In this paper, we consider its solutions which may be unbounded. We give not only existence and uniqueness of its solutions but also the convex and concave solutions. Moreover, some examples are given.     

A note on iterative roots of PM functions

In this paper we study iterative roots of PM functions, a special class of non-monotone functions. Problem 2 in [W. Zhang, PM functions, their characteristic intervals and iterative roots, Ann. Polon. Math. LXV (1997) 119-128] is solved partly and Theorem 4 in that paper is generalized.     

On the classical solutions to the hydrodynamic model for semiconductors

This paper mainly deals with the multidimensional hydrodynamic model for semiconductors. Inspired by the previous papers [Y. Shizuta, S. Kawashima, Systems of equations of hyperbolic-parabolic type with applications to the discrete Boltzmann equation, Hokkaido Math. J. 14 (1985) 249-275; S. Kawashima, W.-A. Yong, Dissipative structure and entropy for hyperbolic systems of balance laws, Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal. 174 (2004) 345-364; W.-A. Yong, Entropy and global existence for hyperbolic balance laws, Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal. 172 (2004) 247-266], we develop some new frequency-localization estimates to establish the global existence and exponential stability of (small) classical solutions in a class of critical Besov spaces, which are different from estimates in our recent paper [D.Y. Fang, J. Xu, T. Zhang, Global exponential stability of classical solutions to the hydrodynamic model for semiconductors, Math. Models Methods Appl. Sci. 17 (2007) 1507-1530]. Furthermore, this new method can also be applied to the multidimensional Euler equations with damping. The analytic tool used is the Littlewood-Paley decomposition.     

A note on the iterative solutions of general coupled matrix equation

Recently, Ding and Chen [F. Ding, T. Chen, On iterative solutions of general coupled matrix equations, SIAM J. Control Optim. 44 (2006) 2269-2284] developed a gradient-based iterative method for solving a class of coupled Sylvester matrix equations. The basic idea is to regard the unknown matrices to be solved as parameters of a system to be identified, so that the iterative solutions are obtained by applying hierarchical identification principle. In this note, by considering the coupled Sylvester matrix equation as a linear operator equation we give a natural way to derive this algorithm. We also propose some faster algorithms and present some numerical results.     

Approximation theorems for total quasi-?-asymptotically nonexpansive mappings with applications

The purpose of this article is to prove some approximation theorems of common fixed points for countable families of total quasi-?-asymptotically nonexpansive mappings which contain several kinds of mappings as its special cases in Banach spaces. In order to get the approximation theorems, the hybrid algorithms are presented and are used to approximate the common fixed points. Using this result, we also discuss the problem of strong convergence concerning the maximal monotone operators in a Banach space. The results of this article extend and improve the results of Matsushita and Takahashi [S. Matsushita, W. Takahashi, A strong convergence theorem for relatively nonexpansive mappings in Banach spaces, J. Approx. Theor. 134 (2005) 257-266], Plubtieng and Ungchittrakool [S. Plubtieng, K. Ungchittrakool, Hybrid iterative methods for convex feasibility problems and fixed point problems of relatively nonexpansive mappings in Banach spaces, J. Approx. Theor. 149 (2007) 103-115], Li, Su [H. Y. Li, Y. F. Su, Strong convergence theorems by a new hybrid for equilibrium problems and variational inequality problems, Nonlinear Anal. 72(2) (2010) 847-855], Su, Xu and Zhang [Y.F. Su, H.K. Xu, X. Zhang, Strong convergence theorems for two countable families of weak relatively nonexpansive mappings and applications, Nonlinear Anal. 73 (2010) 3890-3960], Wang et al. [Z.M. Wang, Y.F. Su, D.X. Wang, Y.C. Dong, A modified Halpern-type iteration algorithm for a family of hemi-relative nonexpansive mappings and systems of equilibrium problems in Banach spaces, J. Comput. Appl. Math. 235 (2011) 2364-2371], Chang et al. [S.S. Chang, H.W. Joseph Lee, Chi Kin Chan, A new hybrid method for solving a generalized equilibrium problem solving a variational inequality problem and obtaining common fixed points in Banach spaces with applications, Nonlinear Anal. 73 (2010) 2260-2270], Chang et al. [S.S. Chang, C.K. Chan, H.W. Joseph Lee, Modified block iterative algorithm for quasi-?-asymptotically nonexpansive mappings and equilibrium problem in Banach spaces, Appl. Math. Comput. 217 (2011) 7520-7530], Ofoedu and Malonza [E.U. Ofoedu, D.M. Malonza, Hybrid approximation of solutions of nonlinear operator equations and application to equation of Hammerstein-type, Appl. Math. Comput. 217 (2011) 6019-6030] and Yao et al. [Y.H. Yao, Y.C. Liou, S.M. Kang, Strong convergence of an iterative algorithm on an infinite countable family of nonexpansive mappings, Appl. Math. Comput. 208 (2009) 211-218].     

Convex solutions to polynomial-like iterative equations on open intervals

The paper deals with the polynomial-like iterative functional equation $\lambda_1 f(x)+\lambda_2 f^2(x)+\cdots+\lambda_n f^n(x)=F(x).$ By using Schauder’s fixed point theorem and a version of the uniform boundedness principle for families of convex (respectively higher order convex) functions as basic tools, the existence of nondecreasing convex (respectively higher order convex) solutions to this equation on open (possibly unbounded) intervals is investigated. The results of the paper complement similar ones established by other authors, concerning the existence of monotonic or convex solutions to the above equation on compact intervals. Some examples illustrating their applicability are provided.     

Oscillation criteria for a forced mixed type Emden-Fowler equation with impulses

Some oscillation criteria for a forced mixed type Emden-Fowler equation with impulses are given. When the impulses are dropped, our results extend those of Sun and Meng [Y.G. Sun, F.W. Meng, Interval criteria for oscillation of second-order differential equations with mixed nonlinearities, Appl. Math. Comput. 15 (2008) 375-381], Sun and Wong [Y.G. Sun, J.S.W. Wong, Oscillation criteria for second order forced ordinary differential equations with mixed nonlinearities, J. Math. Anal. Appl. 334 (2007) 549-560] for second-order forced ordinary differential equation with mixed nonlinearities, Nasr [A.H. Nasr, Sufficient conditions for the oscillation of forced superlinear second order differential equations with oscillatory potential, Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 126 (1998) 123-125], Yang [Q. Yang, Interval oscillation criteria for a forced second order nonlinear ordinary differential equations with oscillatory potential, Appl. Math. Comput. 135 (2003) 49-64] for forced superlinear Emden-Fowler equation, Kong [Q. Kong, Interval criteria for oscillation of second-order linear differential equations, J. Math. Anal. Appl. 229 (1999) 483-492] for unforced second order linear differential equations, and Wong [J.S.W. Wong, Oscillation criteria for a forced second order linear differential equation, J. Math. Anal. Appl. 231 (1999) 235-240] for forced second order linear differential equation.     

Logarithmically improved regularity criterion for the 3D generalized magneto-hydrodynamic equations

This article proves the logarithmically improved Serrin's criterion for solutions of the 3D generalized magneto-hydrodynamic equations in terms of the gradient of the velocity field, which can be regarded as improvement of results in [10] (Luo Y W. On the regularity of generalized MHD equations. J Math Anal Appl, 2010, 365: 806–808) and [18] (Zhang Z J. Remarks on the regularity criteria for generalized MHD equations. J Math Anal Appl, 2011, 375: 799–802).     

The polynomial-like iterative equation for PM functions

The polynomial-like iterative equation is an important form of functional equations, in which iterates of the unknown function are linked in a linear combination. Most of known results were given for the given function to be monotone. We discuss this equation for continuous solutions in the case that the given function is a PM(piecewise monotone) function, a special class of non-monotonic functions. Using extension method, we give a general construction of solutions for the polynomial-like iterative equation.     

Multiple solutions of nonlinear elliptic equations for oscillation problems

We discussed oscillating equations with Neumann boundary value in [Nonlinear Anal. 54 (2003) 431-443] and [J. Math. Anal. Appl. 298 (2004) 14-32] and prove the existence of infinitely many nonconstant solutions. However, it seems difficult to find infinitely many disjoint order intervals for oscillating equations with Dirichlet boundary value. To get rid of this difficulty, in this paper, we build up a mountain pass theorem in half-order intervals and use it to study oscillating problems with Dirichlet boundary value in which we only have the existence of super-solutions (or sub-solutions) and obtain new results on the exactly infinitely many solutions.     

Self-similar solutions of semilinear wave equation with variable speed of propagation

We investigate the issue of existence of the self-similar solutions of the generalized Tricomi equation in the half-space where the equation is hyperbolic. We look for the self-similar solutions via the Cauchy problem. An integral transformation suggested in [K. Yagdjian, A note on the fundamental solution for the Tricomi-type equation in the hyperbolic domain, J. Differential Equations 206 (2004) 227-252] is used to represent solutions of the Cauchy problem for the linear Tricomi-type equation in terms of fundamental solutions of the classical wave equation. This representation allows us to prove decay estimates for the linear Tricomi-type equation with a source term. Obtained in [K. Yagdjian, The self-similar solutions of the Tricomi-type equations, Z. Angew. Math. Phys., in press, doi:10.1007/s00033-006-5099-2] estimates for the self-similar solutions of the linear Tricomi-type equation are the key tools to prove existence of the self-similar solutions.     

Schaefer type theorem and periodic solutions of evolution equations

Two fixed point theorems for the sum of contractive and compact operators are obtained in this paper, which generalize and improve the corresponding results in [H. Schaefer, Über die methode der a priori-Schranken, Math. Ann. 129 (1955) 415-416; T.A. Burton, Integral equations, implicit functions and fixed points, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 124 (1996) 2383-2390; V.I. Istrǎtescu, Fixed Point Theory, an Introduction, Reidel, Dordrecht, 1981; T.A. Burton, K. Colleen, A fixed point theorem of Krasnoselskii-Schaefer type, Math. Nachr. 189 (1998) 23-31; D.R. Smart, Fixed Point Theorems, Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, 1980]. As the applications for the results, we obtain the existence of periodic solutions for some evolution equations with delay, which extend the corresponding results in [T.A. Burton, B. Zhang, Periodic solutions of abstract differential equations with infinite delay, J. Differential Equations 90 (1991) 357-396].     

Strong convergence of viscosity approximation methods for finding zeros of accretive operators in Banach spaces

In this paper, we introduce a composite iterative scheme by viscosity approximation method for finding a zero of an accretive operator in Banach spaces. Then, we establish strong convergence theorems for the composite iterative scheme. The main theorems improve and generalize the recent corresponding results of Kim and Xu [T.H. Kim, H.K. Xu, Strong convergence of modified Mann iterations, Nonlinear Anal. 61 (2005) 51-60], Qin and Su [X. Qin, Y. Su, Approximation of a zero point of accretive operator in Banach spaces, J. Math. Anal. Appl. 329 (2007) 415-424] and Xu [H.K. Xu, Strong convergence of an iterative method for nonexpansive and accretive operators, J. Math. Anal. Appl. 314 (2006) 631-643] as well as Aoyama et al. [K. Aoyama, Y Kimura, W. Takahashi, M. Toyoda, Approximation of common fixed points of a countable family of nonexpansive mappings in Banach spaces, Nonlinear Anal. 67 (2007) 2350-2360], Benavides et al. [T.D. Benavides, G.L. Acedo, H.K. Xu, Iterative solutions for zeros of accretive operators, Math. Nachr. 248-249 (2003) 62-71], Chen and Zhu [R. Chen, Z. Zhu, Viscosity approximation fixed points for nonexpansive and m-accretive operators, Fixed Point Theory and Appl. 2006 (2006) 1-10] and Kamimura and Takahashi [S. Kamimura, W. Takahashi, Approximation solutions of maximal monotone operators in Hilberts spaces, J. Approx. Theory 106 (2000) 226-240].     

A new note on exact complex travelling wave solutions for (2+1)-dimensional B-type Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation

Exact solutions of the (2+1)-dimensional Kadomtsev-Petviashvili by Zhang [Huiqun Zhang, A note on exact complex travelling wave solutions for (2+1)-dimensional B-type Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation, Appl. Math. Comput. 216 (2010) 2771-2777] are considered. To look for “new types of exact solutions travelling wave solutions” of equation Zhang has used the G′/G-expansion method. We demonstrate that there is the general solution for the reduction by Zhang from the (2+1)-dimensional Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation and all solutions by Zhang are found as partial cases from the general solution.     

Existence of partially regular weak solutions to Landau-Lifshitz-Maxwell equations

In this paper, the authors establish the existence of partially regular weak solutions to the Landau-Lifshitz equations coupling with static Maxwell systems in 3 dimensions by Ginzburg-Landau approximation. It is proved that the Hausdorff measure of the singular set is locally finite. This extends the similar results of Ding and Guo [S. Ding, B. Guo, Hausdorff measure of the singular set of Landau-Lifshitz equations with a nonlocal term, Comm. Math. Phys. 250 (1) (2004) 95-117] from the stationary solutions to weak solutions and the results of Wang [C. Wang, On Landau-Lifshitz equations in dimensions at most four, Indiana Univ. Math. J. 55 (5) (2006) 1615-1644] from Landau-Lifshitz equations to Landau-Lifshitz-Maxwell equations.