较快一级化学反应的热动力学研究法: 热弛豫法

分析了非稳态传热情况下热导式热量计的动态性能,通过对输出信号的剖析,建立了热导式热量计冷却常数的经验动态模型。通过对热弛豫现象的分析,建立了可用于研究快速化学反应的热动力学研究法-热弛豫法,应用此种量热研究法可用于研究速率常数小于5s^-^1的一级化学反应。研究了25℃下乙酸甲酯、甲酸乙酯和甲酸甲酯在水溶液中的皂化反应,其计算结果与文献值相吻合,从而验证了热弛豫法的正确性。     

质子交换膜燃料电池动态建模及特性分析

通过分析质子交换膜燃料电池电压的影响因素,利用理想气体状态方程的微分形式求得氢气和氧气分压,并且结合热力学电动势及燃料电池的各种损耗,建立PEMFC的动态模型。通过对参数进行合理设定,得到PEMFC的稳态模型,其仿真结果与实验结果有较好的吻合,表明所建立模型的正确性、可操作性和有效性。利用建立的动态模型分析在载荷突变的情况下,输出电压和氢气分压的动态响应特性,从而达到准确模拟实际燃料电池系统的工作性能,评价预测燃料电池的承载能力和指导燃料电池堆操作的目的。     

PQ型显影体系的电化学研究

通过改变PQ型系列显影液的组分和浓度,使该系列显影液的显影特性从Lith型逐渐演变到超加合型。用循环伏安法对系列显影液中的对苯二酚氧化还原过程进行测量。证明了该系列显影过程所遵循的机理从Yule提出的Lith机理转变到Levenson的再生机理。电化学测量结果与Van Veelen的照相性能测定结果相一致。     

Combustion and thermal properties of paper honeycomb

The honeycomb structure has superior compressive strength so that it is being utilized in various fields. In addition, the paper honeycomb has excellent economic feasibility because of its low production cost and has an environment-friendly advantage because its recycling is possible. Securing of flame retardant performance is essential to use it as interior materials of buildings and fireproof doors using the advantage like this. The present research has evaluated combustion and thermal properties according to flame retardant treatment in terms of two kinds of specimens when flame retardant film is attached to paper honeycomb, and when paper honeycomb is impregnated to flame retardant agents. As a result of evaluating flame retardant performance utilizing a cone calorimeter, the case impregnated into flame retardant agents showed the most superior flame retardant performance. Through this result, it was confirmed that the paper honeycomb can be utilized as interior materials of buildings though improvement of flame retardant performance.     

如何撰写高水平的《大学化学》教学研究论文

论述了教学研究的重要性和复杂性。提出撰写教学研究论文应符合先进性、创新性、实证性、示范性和发展性等原则。介绍了教学研究涉及的主要领域,研究的主要内容和方法,对如何开展各领域教学研究并撰写高水平的教学研究论文进行了讨论并给出了示例。     

Progress in patterned paper sizing for fabrication of paper-based microfluidic sensors

In this paper, we report the progress in using paper sizing chemistry to fabricate patterned paper for chemical and biological sensing applications. Patterned paper sizing uses paper sizing agents to selectively hydrophobize certain area of a sheet. The hydrophilic-hydrophobic contrast of the pattern so created has an excellent ability to control capillary penetration of aqueous liquids in channels of the pattern. Incorporating this idea with digital ink jet printing technique, a new fabrication method of paper-based microfluidic devices is established. Ink jet printing can deliver biomolecules and chemicals with precision into the microfluidic patterns to form biological/chemical sensing sites within the patterns, forming the complete sensing devices. This study shows the potential of combining paper sizing chemistry and ink jet printing to produce paper-based sensors at low cost and at commercial volume.     

ICR小鼠功能脏器微量元素的测定

应用ICP-AES法测定了ICR小鼠睾丸、脑、肝脏和心脏等功能脏器中的Cu、Mn、Zn、Fe，Se等微量元素的含量，初步阐明了功能脏器中微量元素的分布特点，并提出了硒、锌、铜Zn/Cu值和Mn／Cu值与睾丸生殖功能关系密切，为临床应用提供了参考。     

A family of eight-step methods with vanished phase-lag and its derivatives for the numerical integration of the Schr?dinger equation

A family of tenth algebraic order eight-step methods is constructed in this paper. For this family of methods, we require the phase-lag and its first, second and third derivatives to be vanished. Three alternative methods are proposed which satisfy the above requirements. An error analysis and a stability analysis is also investigated in this paper and a comparison with other methods is also studied. The new proposed methods are applied for the numerical solution of the one dimensional Schrödinger equation. The efficiency of the new methodology is proved via theoretical analysis and numerical applications.     

二甲戊乐灵的GC-MS检验

二甲戊乐(penoxalin)系甲苯胺类除草剂,原药为橙黄色固体,熔点56-58℃,在水中溶解度0.3mg/L(20℃),易溶于氯代烃和芳香烃溶剂中。二甲戊乐灵的分子式是C13H19N3O4,相对分子质量为281,分子结构式如右所示。二甲戊乐灵对大白鼠急性口服LD501.25g／kg(工业品),2.93g／kg(乳剂)。     

Biobleaching - An ecofriendly and environmental benign pulp bleaching technique: A review

The review summarizes the use of ligninolytic enzymes in bleaching processes in paper industries. The awareness of society regarding pollution problems demands an effort to develop novel and less polluting processes for paper production. In this regard, there is an emerging interest in various applications of microbes and enzymes. Previously, appropriate enzymes were unavailable, apart from partial use in modification of starch for application in paper coatings. Continued exploration has led to the improvement in enzymes that offer remarkable profits to paper industries.     

Lamination of fragile documents as preliminary intervention to aqueous mass deacidification. A study on reversibility effects

Paper lamination is a widely known method to consolidate fragile and brittle documents. Since the loss of mechanical strength of paper documents is almost completely due to their acidity, the procedure generally adopted by restorers consists of an aqueous treatment of deacidification followed by consolidation. The drawback of this method is due to the loss of paper fragments during the deacidification step, that must be therefore accurately controlled. Some preliminary experiments showed that a better and faster practice would be the lamination of paper documents with a water-resistant sheet before their immersion in the deacidification bath. The aim of this work is to evaluate the permeability, chemical stability and reversibility of the lamination sheets coated with two commercially available acrylic resins. From both gravimetric and FTIR analyses it appeared that slight modifications of the acrylic monomers led to different properties, and this behaviour can be exploited to improve the properties of lamination sheets in order to set up a reliable method of aqueous mass deacidification.     

Hickel分子轨道计算的割键法则及其应用

Tang Ao-qing et al. have put forward graph theory method for determining the Huckel molecular orbits and the calculation of energy levels for conjugated molecules. Based on the work of the forerunners, the bond-break rule for determining the molecular orbits is presented in this paper. The general concept of the bond ratio is first introduced. The calculation of orbital coefficients and of energy levels are transformed into a calculation of bond ratio and of energy levels. Following the rules governing bond-breaking established in this paper to break some bonds in the structural diagram of molecules and at the same time modify the Coulomb's integration of atoms, it becomes possible to use a group of mutually independent sub-diagrams to replace the complicated structural diagram of molecules. The secular determinants of each sub-diagram must all equal zero. Thereby series of equations (called series of equations of bond ratio) can be established with the energy level and the bond ratio as the unkowns. When this is solved, the energy level and bond ratio are obtained. Because of the simplicity of the construction of the sub-diagrams, the calculation is greatly simplified when this method is used. Futhermore, this method can be widely applied to all kinds of complicated conjugated molecules. In this paper the authors have gone through some calculations for molecules with heteropoly-radicals.     

细菌修饰的碳糊电极表面超细微粒金膜的制备及应用

本文提出一种采用电化学方法在巨大芽孢杆菌Ｄ０１修饰的碳糊电极表面制备超细微粒金膜的新方法,获得由平均粒径为８０ｎｍ金微粒组成的金膜。该方法操作简单,耗金量少,以此金膜作为工作电极检测水溶液中痕量铜具有良好的重现性和线性,检测灵敏度达０．０２ｎｇ／ｍＬ,该电极既可象金片电极多次反复被使用,也可以象碳糊电极一样不断更新表面。     

Frequency-dependent electroosmosis

This paper presents a theory for frequency-dependent electroosmosis. It is shown that for a closed capillary the electroosmosis frequency-dependent ratio of DeltaV/DeltaP is constant with increasing frequency until inertial effects become prevalent, at which time DeltaV/DeltaP starts to decrease with increasing frequency. The frequency response of the electroosmosis coupling coefficient is shown to be dependent on the capillary radius. As the capillary radius is made smaller, inertial effects start to occur at higher frequencies. As part of this paper, frequency-dependent electroosmosis is compared to frequency-dependent streaming potentials. In this comparison it is shown that inertial effects start to become more prevalent at higher frequencies for the closed capillary frequency-dependent electroosmosis case than for the frequency-dependent streaming potential case in the same capillary. It is also shown that this difference is due to a second viscosity (transverse) wave that emanates from the velocity zero within the capillary for the electroosmosis case. The second viscosity wave superposes with the viscosity wave that emanates from wall of the capillary to effectively reduce the hydraulic radius of the capillary. Data are presented for a 0.127-mm capillary to support the findings in this paper.     

General equation for determining the dissociation constants of polyprotic acids and bases from additive properties. Part I. Theory

Measured additive properties of polyprotic acids and bases as functions of the pH of the solution can be used for the determination of the dissociation constants. A rigorous general equation is derived in this paper for this purpose. The equation relates the additive property of the acid or base to the dissociation constants, the limiting values and activity coefficients of the solute species, and to the pH of the solution. The equation is used to obtain the dissociation constants by fitting it to the experimental data in a nonlinear least-square fitting procedure. Overlapping dissociation constants pose no problem in this method. Applications to spectrophotometry and reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography are presented in a following paper (Part II of this series).     

Polarographic study on the presence of antibiotics in food

EU and Italian laws dealing for the presence of antibiotics or, more in general, drags in food established limits for different kinds of food. Suitable rules exist about the medical treatment of cattle in relation to the production of milk and meat. The adoption of a procedure to check the respect of the law limits is necessary. In this paper, the presence of different classes of antibiotics in milk and in homogenised meat is investigated. Generally, HPLC methods are applied for this purpose. In this paper, the application of polarographic analysis is studied and the results are compared with the chromatographic ones. The comparison is relative to all the phases of analysis including the sample preparation. The results show the advantage of the proposed procedure.     

超级材料--高维分子基铁磁体的设计与合成

高维分子基铁磁体的设计与合成是自然界向化学家的挑战。本文在简述了高维分子基铁磁体的重要性后,侧重介绍了设计与合成高维磁体的常用桥基、合成方法以及最新研究进展。     

Computer solutions for confidence intervals when the blank count time is an integer number of times greater than the sample count time

This paper extends past computer solutions for confidence intervals in paired counting. The net count is transformed to an integer; the resultant probability distribution is identical with that for detection limits when the blank is counted an integer number of times greater than the sample. Summation of the left tail of this distribution is used to determine left-hand and right-hand confidence limits with specified confidence levels for a given observed net count and known expected blank count in the sample count time. Poisson statistics are used throughout this paper and the Gaussian distribution is reserved for approximate results.     

Modified rotation transformation method for the calculation of repulsion integrals

A modified rotation transformation method for two electron repulsion integrals is introduced in this paper. The percentage of nonzero matrix needed to perform the calculation is less than 30 in this method.