Self-consistent calculations of alpha-decay energies

On the basis of the self-consistent theory of finite Fermi systems, the energies of alphadecay chains were calculated for several new superheavy nuclei discovered recently in experiments of the Dubna-Livermore Collaboration headed by Yu.Ts. Oganessian. The approach in question is implemented on the basis of the generalized method of the density functional proposed by Fayans and his coauthors. The version used here relies on the functional DF3-a proposed recently for describing a wide array of nuclear data, including data on superheavy nuclei. A detailed comparison of the results obtained on this basis with the predictions of different approaches, including the self-consistent Skyrme-Hartree-Fock method, the micro-macro method in the version developed by Sobiczewski and his coauthors, and the phenomenological method of Liran and his coauthors, is performed. The resulting alpha-decay energies are used to calculate respective lifetimes with the aid of the phenomenological Parkhomenko-Sobiczewski formula.     

Self-consistent approaches in the microscopic theory of the nucleus: Static moments of odd-odd nuclei

Self-consistent mean-field theory and the method of the energy density functional, which are two modern self-consistent approaches in the microscopic theory of the nucleus that possess the highest predictive power for describing unstable nuclei, are briefly discussed. Themost recent results of calculations performed within these approaches are presented. The mean energies of E1 excitations in the range of 0–30 MeV are calculated for 15 stable and unstable tin isotopes (A = 100–176) on the basis of the self-consistent version of the generalized theory of finite Fermi systems by employing SLy4 Skyrme forces. A parameter-dependent expression that takes into account the existence of a pygmy dipole resonance is obtained for this quantity. The density-functional method is used within the self-consistent theory of finite Fermi systems on the basis of the Fayans-Tolokonnikov-Trykov-Zawischa functional in order to calculate the ground-state static quadrupole and magnetic moments of odd and odd-odd stable and unstable spherical near-magic nuclei. Good agreement with available experimental data is attained. The respective features are predicted for unstable nuclei.     

Self-consistent theory of finite Fermi systems and Skyrme–Hartree–Fock method

Recent results obtained on the basis of the self-consistent theory of finite Fermi systems by employing the energy density functional proposed by Fayans and his coauthors are surveyed. These results are compared with the predictions of Skyrme–Hartree–Fock theory involving several popular versions of the Skyrme energy density functional. Spherical nuclei are predominantly considered. The charge radii of even and odd nuclei and features of low-lying 2⁺ excitations in semimagic nuclei are discussed briefly. The single-particle energies ofmagic nuclei are examined inmore detail with allowance for corrections to mean-field theory that are induced by particle coupling to low-lying collective surface excitations (phonons). The importance of taking into account, in this problem, nonpole (tadpole) diagrams, which are usually disregarded, is emphasized. The spectroscopic factors of magic and semimagic nuclei are also considered. In this problem, only the surface term stemming from the energy dependence induced in the mass operator by the exchange of surface phonons is usually taken into account. The volume contribution associated with the energy dependence initially present in the mass operator within the self-consistent theory of finite Fermi systems because of the exchange of high-lying particle–hole excitations is also included in the spectroscopic factor. The results of the first studies that employed the Fayans energy density functional for deformed nuclei are also presented.

     

Self-consistent description of the inner crust of a neutron star with allowance for superfluidity effects

Within the Wigner-Seitz approximation, a self-consistent fully quantum-mechanical calculation of the structure of the inner crust of a neutron star is performed over a wide range of densities with allowance for superfluidity effects. Within the approach used, the Wigner-Seitz cell consists of a nuclear-like cluster surrounded by a nearly uniform neutron gas. An effective energy functional is constructed by matching, at the cluster surface, the realistic phenomenological nuclear functional for the cluster due to S. A. Fayans and his coauthors and the energy functional calculated microscopically for neutron matter. The microscopic component of the functional is calculated within the Brueckner method by using the v18 Argonne interaction.     

Impact of the phonon coupling on the radiative neutron capture

Inclusion of the coupling of quasiparticle degrees of freedom with phonon degrees is a natural extention of the standard QRPA approach. The paper presents the quantitative impact of this phonon coupling on the dipole strength and radiative neutron capture for the stable ¹²⁴Sn and very exotic ¹⁵⁰Sn isotopes, as an illustration, using the self-consistent version of the Extended Theory of Finite Fermi Systems. It was found that the phonon contribution to the pygmy-dipole resonance and radiative neutron capture cross section is increased with the (N − Z) difference growth. The results show that the self-consistent nuclear structure calculations are important for unstable nuclei, where phenomenological approaches do not work.     

Relativistic wave functions for single-proton resonant states

With the relativistic boundary condition, single-proton resonant states in spherical nuclei are studied by an analytic continuation in the coupling constant (ACCC) method within the framework of the self-consistent relativistic mean-field (RMF) theory. In this scheme, we investigate the wave functions for l≠ 0 proton resonant states close to the continuum threshold in the stable nuclide ¹²⁰Sn for the first time. Some hints for pseudospin symmetry in the resonant states of nuclei are mentioned as well.     

Neutron radii and skins in the Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov calculations

We examine the systematic predictions for proton and neutron radii in even-even nuclei made by the self-consistent Skyrme-Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov theory. Such an approach allows us to describe nuclei far from stability, where the spatial extensions of a nuclear system crucially depend on the continuum effects. We concentrate on the influence of spherical shell structure on global behavior of radii. The (N, Z)-localization of neutron and proton skins is discussed.     

Phase transitions in the framework of complete version of IMB-1

The classical energy functional of complete IBM-1 model version is studied in terms of nuclear shape variables (β, γ), employing two essential control parameters (r ₂, r ₁) used in catastrophe theory formalism. The dependence of energy surface equilibrium values from deformation parameter β is analyzed in the case when γ = 0. The results, obtained for critical points and phase transition lines between spherical (β = 0) and two deformed (β > 0, β < 0) shapes, are compared with the ones, following from the studies, in which the simplified extended Casten triangle version of interacting boson model was used. Original Russian Text ? J. Proskurins, A. Andrejevs, T. Krasta, J. Tambergs, 2009, published in Izvestiya Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk. Seriya Fizicheskaya, 2009, Vol. 73, No. 2, pp. 241–244. The article is published in the original.     

The electronic structure of polymeric complex Co(thiazole)2Cl2 studied by first-principle calculation

One-dimensional dihalide-bridged polymer Co(thiazole)₂Cl₂ has been studied with the self-consistent full-potential linearized augmented plane wave method (FP_LAPW) based on the density functional theory (DFT). Spin distributions in ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic states of it have been obtained by the calculation. The electronic structure and magnetic coupling between tow cobalt (II) ions along chain are discussed.     

Mechanisms for the appearance of prescission γ-rays and their related T-odd asymmetries

Conditions for the appearance and observation of prescission γ-rays emitted by a fissioning nucleus before its separation into fission fragments were investigated within the quantum theory of fission. It was demonstrated that these conditions can be fulfilled in the γ-decay of giant electric isovector dipole resonances in a fissioning nucleus that become excited due to the nonadiabaticity of the collective deformation motion of the nucleus at the final stages of its prefission evolution. Angular and energy distributions of prescission γ-rays emitted by unpolarized fissioning nuclei were analyzed. Characteristics of T-odd asymmetries in angular distributions of prescission γ-rays were investigated for fission of unpolarized target nuclei induced by polarized cold neutrons, and these correlations were shown to be similar in nature to the T-odd ROT correlations earlier found for α-particles emitted in ternary nuclear fission.     

Shell-model calculations of stellar weak interaction rates. I. Gamow-Teller distributions and spectra of nuclei in the mass range A = 45–65

Electron capture and beta-decay rates on nuclei in the mass range A = 45–65 play an important role in many astrophysical environments. The determination of these rates by large-scale shell-model calculations is desirable, but it requires to reproduce the Gamow-Teller strength distributions and spectra of the pf shell nuclei. We show in this paper that large-scale shell-model calculations, employing a slightly monopole-corrected version of the well-known KB3 interaction, fulfill these necessary requirements. In particular, our calculations reproduce the experimentally available GT₊ and GT₋ strength distributions and the nuclear halflives, and describe the nuclear spectra appropriately.     

Calculation of the quadrupole deformation of nuclei in the mass region A>16

The method for calculating the nuclear-quadrupole-deformation parameter on the basis of a self-consistent anisotropic oscillator potential is modified in such a way that it becomes possible to take phenomenologically into account the resistance of closed nucleon shells against changes in the spherical shape of the nuclear surface. This approach enables one to describe satisfactorily the deformation of beta-stable nuclei in the mass region A>16. The possibility of performing such calculations for nuclei occurring far from the beta-stability valley is also considered.     

Magnetic ground state of UCu2X2 (X=Si,Ge) from first principles

The electronic and magnetic structures of UCu₂X₂ germanide and silicide are revisited in view of existing controversy from experimental findings. From self-consistent calculations carried out within the local spin density functional theory using the augmented spherical wave method, the ground state is found to be ferromagnetic within simple and super cell setups. An analysis of the density of states and the chemical bonding shows the dominant role of Cu₂Ge₂-nearly planar like entities within the crystal lattice.     

Deformation charge distribution and total energy for perowskites

A microscopic theory of solids is presented which allows the calculation of lattice properties from first principles. The method is based on the Density-Functional-Theory and a new version of the Linear-Muffin-Tin-Orbital method, which includes nonspherical charge distributions in the total energy calculations. Explicit results for BaTiO₃ and SrTiO₃ are reported. The deformations of the charge density due to a homogeneous volume change and due to a soft mode deformation were determined. Differences between BaTiO and SrTiO₃ and the nature of the chemical bonding are discussed. Calculated cohesive energies and lattice constants agree well with experimental data.Dedicated to Prof. Dr. H.E. Müser on the occasion of his 60th birthday     

New on-line NMR/ON nuclear magnetic dipole moments near 132Sn: I. At the shell closure: meson exchange current effects

Recent on-line nuclear orientation measurements of nuclear magnetic dipole moments by the method of NMR on oriented nuclei (NMR/ON) have yielded significant new odd-A moments. These include those closest to double magic ¹³²Sn, namely, ¹³³Sb [¹³²Sn plus one g_7/2+ proton] and ¹³³Te^m [¹³²Sn with a pair of g_7/2+ protons and one hole in the h_11/2- neutron sub-shell]. These close-to-double-magic results allow stringent tests of nuclear moment theory including, as main contributions to deviations from the simple free nucleon (Schmidt limit) values, configuration mixing in the nuclear wavefunction and mesonic exchange current modification to the dipole moment operator. Comparison with theoretical prediction, using established approaches to both these corrections, is discussed showing success in medium mass nuclei comparable to results previously established in light [to ⁴⁰Ca] and heavy [near ²⁰⁸Pb] nuclei. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Nuclear compressibility and its effect on nuclear binding energies from the study of muonic atoms

The variation of nuclear parameter with mass number elicits information about nuclear compressibility. Analysis of muonic x-ray transitions provides an elegant method to investigate the behaviour of the nuclear parameterr ₀. It is observed from the behaviour ofr ₀ that nuclei in the regionA⩽70 are highly compressible while those in the regionA∼210 are almost incompressible. The behaviour ofr ₀ is incorporated into the semi-empirical mass formula through the Coulomb energy term. From the modified mass formula thus obtained binding energies of about 440 spherical nuclei have been calculated. The results suggest that nuclear compressibility imposes certain relationship between excess binding energies (E _exp−E _cal) and neutron. proton number. The present study also points out that shell effects exhibited by nuclear binding energies cannot be accounted for by simply varying the coefficients of the mass formula: on the other hand extra terms are necessary to explain them.