液体变焦镜头的研究进展

相比于传统的机械变焦镜头,液体变焦镜头具有体积小、响应快、成本低和集成度高等特点,被广泛应用于图像采集、目标追踪和特征识别等领域。焦距调节方式决定了液体镜头的性能和应用,本文概括了基于液晶材料、介电泳、电化学、电润湿原理的物性控制式变焦镜头和基于静电力、电磁力、压力调节和环境响应的机械驱动式变焦镜头的研究现状,介绍了液体变焦镜头在光流控芯片内的集成应用,并指出当前面临的主要问题和解决方案。最后,对液体变焦镜头的发展前景和研究方向进行了展望和总结。     

离子交换聚合物固定三联吡啶钌电致化学发光传感器的研究进展

将可电化学再生的电致化学发光试剂-三联吡啶钌固定于电极表面制备得到可再生的电致化学发光（ECL）传感器。综述了近年来使用离子交换聚合物膜固定三联吡啶钌ECL传感器的研究进展,简要介绍了不同离子交换聚合物的固定方法及其相关的应用情况。同时展望了该领域未来的发展方向和前景。     

离子交换聚合物固定三联吡啶钌电玫化学发光传感器的研究进展

将可电化学再生的电致化学发光试剂-三联吡啶钌固定于电极表面制备得到可再生的电致化学发光(ECL)传感器.综述了近年来使用离子交换聚合物膜固定三联吡啶钌ECL传感器的研究进展,简要介绍了不同离子交换聚合物的固定方法及其相关的应用情况.同时展望了该领域未来的发展方向和前景.     

电化学原位紫外可见反射谱用于表面等离激元效应的表征

在锁相放大技术的基础上,搭建了光检测系统与恒电位系统联用的电化学原位紫外-可见电反射光谱测量系统,并将其应用于表面等离激元体系的反射率表征。对光滑银电极和银纳米粒子修饰电极进行了电化学原位反射光谱测量,得到在不同电位下的反射光谱变化,发现在纳米粒子修饰电极上,产生强的反射谱峰。推测这种谱峰来自于纳米间隙结构造成的热点效应,电位可显著地调控纳米间隙结构的光散射效应。     

基于新型聚合物碳糊复合电极的电致化学发光研究

以甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)预聚物作为石墨粉的粘合剂,完全聚合固化,制备并表征了聚合物碳糊复合电极.基于此电极考察了鲁米诺体系的电致化学发光行为.在最优条件下,鲁米诺在聚合物碳糊电极上的电化学响应比在传统的碳糊电极上明显增强,电致化学发光的稳定性和发光强度也大大增加.利用尿酸对该体系发光的强抑制作用,建立了尿酸的电致化学发光检测方法,线性范围为8×10-11-3×10-8mol/L,检出限为1.2×10-11 mol/L,应用于体液测定,结果满意.     

基于片上系统协同计算的实时数据自动检测电化学传感器

针对应用于生物体内特征物质检测与跟踪的电化学传感器的其智能化和集成化问题,本文提出了一种基于片上系统的支持实时数据自动检测的电化学传感器。首先,将应用于电化学传感器结构,通过将测量样品、检测溶液接口、多电极和检测传导器等单元集成在片上系统,结合信号转换和电源装置,实现电化学传感器的独立计算、存储和通信功能。接着,通过实现待测量物多电极、检测溶液电极子和单片机逻辑控制的协同计算满足自动检测需求。最后,基于数据整合与自动化处理设计了支持实时数据检测的电化学传感器。验证结果表明,在数据检测精度和实时性方面所提方案明显优于传统的非片上系统电化学传感器。     

功能材料及其应用于换能器技术的研究进展

文章综述了功能材料及其应用于换能器技术的研究进展,包括声学换能器领域应用的功能材料发展状况及基于这些材料的换能器新设计,所提及的材料包括磁致伸缩材料、弛豫铁电材料、压电复合材料、压电聚合物材料及高温压电陶瓷材料等等.文章还概要介绍了一项应用于声学换能器领域的新技术——微机电(MEMS)技术及其换能器.     

普鲁士蓝/壳聚糖/多壁碳纳米管修饰电极的制备及其电化学性质

制备了普鲁士蓝(PB)/壳聚糖(CS)/多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)修饰的玻碳电极.采用循环伏安法(CV),扫描电子显微镜、红外光谱技术对修饰电极进行表征,结果表明,PB纳米成功的修饰到电极表面,膜结构较均一,修饰量大,具有较强的空间结构性.此外,研究了不同pH值和不同扫描速率条件下PB/CS/MWCNTs修饰电极在0.1mol/L磷酸缓冲溶液中的电化学行为,结果表明该修饰电极具有良好的电化学性质,在电化学生物传感器领域具有潜在的应用价值.     

微波介电谱应用于低碳醇化合物的分析

研究了甲醇、乙醇等低碳醇类化合物在微波传输过程中对传输散射参数(又称S参数)的影响,利用微波透射法测定了S参数,根据其变化探讨了微波介电谱应用于低碳醇化合物分析的可能性,建立了一种基于散射参数的微波介电化学分析法。实验数据表明,微波的S参数与甲醇、乙醇等低碳醇化合物的浓度在一定范围内呈现良好的线性关系。     

表面增强拉曼光谱在电化学中的应用及进展

谱学电化学与激光拉曼光谱电化学技术电化学研究起源于１７９１年Ｇａｌｖａｎｉ发现的“动物电”现象，目前已发展成为物理化学的一个重要分支，它主要研究电子导体－离子导体，离子导体－离子导体的界面现象、结构和化学过程。电化学与材料、能源、环境、信息科学乃至生...     

表面增强拉曼光谱在食源性致病微生物检测中的应用研究

食源性致病微生物导致的食源性疾病已成为全球化的公共卫生问题。快速、有效地检测食源性致病微生物是实现食源性疾病预防与控制的关键环节，也是保障食品安全的技术关键。表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)具有简单、快速、灵敏度高等优点，在食品安全、生物医学、环境监控等领域展现出良好的应用前景。介绍了近年来SERS在食源性致病微生物检测中的应用研究进展。对SERS技术概况、SERS增强理论及SERS增强基底进行了简要介绍，重点回顾了SERS在食源性致病微生物检测中的应用和发展现状。在食品安全分析方面，利用SERS与模式识别方法相结合对食品中常见食源性致病微生物能实现快速、有效鉴别，部分研究已应用于不同食品样品的分析，体现了SERS作为“指纹图谱”的分析优势；在医学诊断方面，SERS可对病理样品(如血液、尿液等)中食源性致病微生物进行快速检测，缩短了样本分析时间，使食源性疾病的快速诊断成为可能；随着微流控技术的发展，微流控平台结合SERS技术被称为“芯片实验室”应用于食源性致病微生物的检测，可提高分析的可控性，稳定性，特异性和灵敏度。通过对比分析，发现不同研究可采用不同分离方法、不同基底、不同目标捕获方式等实现了食源性致病微生物的检测，展示了不同方法间的差异性。已有研究表明了SERS在食源性致病微生物检测中应用可克服传统方法耗时等缺点，实现灵敏快速分析，为食品安全实时监控，食源性疾病即时诊断提供了有效的分析工具。同时，指出了SERS技术应用于食源性致病微生物分析依然面临很大挑战，(1)大多数研究并没有聚焦于实际样品，而标准培养液和实际样品的SERS检测存在较大差异，实际样品组分会对SERS响应产生干扰；(2)不同方法结果有较大差异，主要是由于纳米增强基底差异，吸附方式原理的差异，稳定性的差异等，因此需要更多深入研究进一步优化条件；(3)期望建立标准化的SERS方法替代传统技术，充分展示SERS作为新兴分析工具快速、灵敏、简捷的优势应用于食品安全，医学诊断等领域。将来，随着研究的深入及相关学科的发展，SERS作为极具潜力的快速分析工具，将在食品安全，生物医学等领域具有更广阔的应用前景。     

热分解羧酸银形成银膜技术的发展对表面增强拉曼光谱学的贡献(英文)

pacc:7830,7300Noblemetallicnanostructuresexhibitaphe nomenonknownassurface-enhancedRaman scattering(SERS)inwhichthescatteringcross sectionsaredramaticallyenhancedformolecules adsorbedthereon.TouseSERSinroutine,on-linestudiesforanalyticalpurposes,thesubstr…     

氯化亚锡抑制吡啶分子表面增强拉曼光谱测定中的碳化现象

碳化是表面增强拉曼光谱中难以避免的干扰现象,特别是对于活性有机和生物分子的检测。作为一种最常用的探针分子,吡啶同样也存在碳化的问题。然而,作者发现通过引入SnCl2,可以有效地抑制表面增强拉曼光谱测定中吡啶分子的碳化现象。该方法操作简单,所引入的SnCl2只在谱图低波段处出现少而易区分的特征峰,不干扰被测样品的光谱分析。有别于文献中所采用的真空、惰性气氛、低温和低激光功率等物理方法,此法是解决碳化问题的一种崭新的化学方法,可望应用于其他易碳化的有机和生物分子的表面增强拉曼光谱检测。     

Enhancement in SERS intensity with hierarchical nanostructures by bimetallic deposition approach

We investigate the plasmonic enhancement arising from bimetallic (Au/Ag) hierarchical structure and address the fundamental issues relating to the design of multilayered nanostructures for surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy. SERS‐active nanosphere arrays with Ag underlayer and Au overlayer were systematically constructed, with the thickness of each layer altered from 40 to 320 nm. The SERS responses of the resultant bimetallic structures were measured with 2‐naphthalenethiol dye as the test sample. The results confirm the dependency of SERS enhancement on the thickness ratio (Au : Ag). Compared with Au‐arrays, our optimized bimetallic structures, which exhibit nanoprotrusions on the nanospheres, were found to be 2.5 times more SERS enhancing, approaching the enhancement factor of an Ag‐array. The elevated SERS is attributed to the formation of effective hot‐spots associated with increased roughness of the outer Au film, resulting from subsequent sputtering of Au granules on a roughened Ag surface. The morphology and reflectance studies suggest that the SERS hot‐spots are distributed at the junctions of interconnected nanospheres and over the nanosphere surface, depending on the thickness ratio between the Au and Ag layers. We show that, by varying the thickness ratio, it is possible to optimize the SERS enhancement factor without significantly altering the operating plasmon resonance wavelength, which is dictated solely by the size of the underlying nanospheres template. In addition, our bimetallic substrates show long‐term stability compared with previously reported Ag‐arrays, whose SERS efficiency drops by 60% within a week because of oxidation. These findings demonstrate the potential of using such a bimetallic configuration to morphologically optimize any SERS substrate for sensing applications that demand huge SERS enhancement and adequate chemical stability. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Understanding SERS of bacteria

Surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has been suggested as a powerful tool to identify bacteria, drawing from its high fingerprint (vibrational) information content, its extreme sensitivity (down to the single molecule level) and its obliviousness to the aqueous environment intrinsic to biological systems. We review here in a comparative manner the various studies that attempted to utilize SERS for this important goal in light of the work carried out by our own group over the past 10 years or so. We show that SERS has an additional major advantage, namely, it introduces a new dimension of selectivity, which, on the one hand, makes it even more suitable as an analytical tool, but on the other hand, it requires gaining control of the precise manner in which the SERS‐active metal centers are produced and brought into contact with the micro‐organism. Our emphasis in this review is on understanding the spectra in terms of the nature of the SERS‐active centers and their placement within the bacterium. On the interpretation and assignment of the spectra, we constantly keep in mind the final goal of bacteria identification. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

表面增强拉曼光谱在铁腐蚀与防护研究中的应用

综述了近年来表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)在铁表面腐蚀与防护方面的应用和研究进展。作为一种能够在分子水平上提供物质结构信息的技术,SERS被广泛应用在金属特别是铁腐蚀与防护的研究中。文章主要从铁表面SERS增强理论模型、缓蚀剂在铁表面的吸附方式和铁电极上氧化或钝化膜的结构３个方面来展示SERS技术的应用,并展望了进一步研究的方向。     

Raman spectroscopy of dipyrrins: nonresonant,resonant and surface‐enhanced cross‐sections and enhancement factors

Detailed studies of the mechanism of surface‐enhanced (resonance) Raman spectroscopy (SE(R)RS), and its applications, place a number of demands on the properties of SERS scatterers. With large Raman cross‐sections, versatile synthetic chemistry and complete lack of fluorescence, free dipyrrins meet these demands but the Raman and SE(R)RS spectroscopy of free dipyrrins is largely unknown. The first study of the Raman spectroscopy of free dipyrrins is therefore presented in this work. The nonresonant Raman, resonant Raman and surface‐enhanced Raman spectra of a typical meso aryl‐substituted‐dipyrrin are reported. Absolute differential cross‐sections are obtained for excitation wavelengths in the near infrared and visible region, in solution phase and for dipyrrin adsorbed on the surface of silver nanoparticles. Raman enhancement factors for SERRS and resonance Raman are calculated from the observed differential cross‐sections. The magnitudes of the resonantly enhanced cross‐sections are similar to those recently reported for strong SERS dyes such as Rhodamine 6G and Crystal Violet. Free dipyrrins offer the advantages of existing SERS dyes but without the drawback of strong fluorescence. Free dipyrrins should therefore find applications in all areas of Raman spectroscopy including fundamental studies of the mechanisms of SERS and bioanalytical and environmental applications. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Advanced aspects of electromagnetic SERS enhancement factors at a hot spot

In this paper, we discuss some advanced theoretical aspects of electromagnetic enhancement factors (EFs) in surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). We focus in particular on the influence of surface selection rules (SSRs) on SERS EFs at hot spots, and the determination of SERS depolarization ratios. Both aspects could be viewed as secondary (compared to the overall magnitude of the SERS EF), but are nevertheless observable experimentally and crucial for a fundamental understanding of SERS. They also share the property that they cannot be studied within the commonly used |E | ⁴ approximation to the SERS EFs, and appropriate tools are developed here to make predictions beyond this approximation in the case of a SERS hot spot. In addition, theoretical estimates of different types of (previously defined) EFs are provided, and their origins discussed for the typical example of a SERS substrate dominated by SERS hot spots. Finally, experimental measurements of SERS depolarization ratios are presented to support the theoretical predictions. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Reusable plasmonic substrates fabricated by interference lithography: a platform for systematic sensing studies

Surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has become increasingly popular in the scientific and industrial communities because of its analytical capabilities and potential to study fundamentals in plasmonics. Although under certain conditions extremely high sensitivity is possible, the practical use of SERS is frequently limited by instability and poor reproducibility of the enhancement factor. For analytical applications or for comparative measurements to enable the distinction between electromagnetic and chemical enhancement, the development of standardized and recyclable SERS substrates, having uniform and persistent performance, is proposed. To this end, we have fabricated periodic nanoslit arrays using extreme ultraviolet lithography that provide average large (2*10⁶) and homogeneous SERS enhancement factors with a spot‐to‐spot variability of less than 3%. In addition, they are reusable without any degradation or loss of enhancement. The fabrication of such arrays consists of two steps only, lithographic patterning followed by metal evaporation. Both processes may be performed over areas of several square mm on any planar substrate. The sensor capabilities were demonstrated by substrates with monomolecular films of several different thiols. The concept of reusable SERS substrates may open a powerful platform within an analytical tool and in particular for systematic SERS studies for the investigation of fundamental parameters such as chemical enhancement, surface selection rules, and molecular alignment. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Direct evidence for conversion of p‐aminothiophenol to p,p'‐dimercaptoazobenzene by in situ reduplicative surface‐enhanced Raman scattering measurements

There has been a surge of interest in the surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) of p‐aminothiophenol (PATP), since its SERS spectra are dependent on the measurement conditions. However, there is a dispute over the origin of the so‐called b₂ modes in SERS spectrum of PATP recently. Some researchers propose that these bands come from selective chemical enhancement, while others conclude that these bands are due to the a_g modes of p,p'‐dimercaptoazobenzene (DMAB) produced from PATP by surface photoreaction. To solve this problem, we have studied the SERS spectra of PATP on Au and Ag nanoparticles by in situ measurement under various conditions. The results proved that the b₂ modes are not due to PATP but due to the a_g modes of DMAB. The key of the method is to ensure the SERS spectra taken from the same point in reduplicative measurements. The result showed that the stable SERS spectrum of PATP was essentially from DMAB. The reversibility of the PATP SERS spectra in previous studies is due to the variety of the measurement points, which is in nature of different PATP conversions to DMAB under different conditions. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.