基于有限元计算的微流控聚焦装置液滴生成特性分析

研究微流控聚焦装置液滴生成特性是液滴微流控芯片结构优化设计的基础。利用水平集方法结合有限元技术建立了微流控聚焦装置内液滴生成过程的数值计算模型,并分析了分散相与连续相流速比、微流道几何结构对液滴生成机制和液滴生成特性的影响规律。在一定的流速比、微流道入口宽度比范围内,均生成了性态良好的液滴。当分散相与连续相入口宽度比大于1时,液滴尺寸随连续相入口宽度、连续相流速的增大而减小,液滴生成频率随连续相入口宽度、连续相流速的增大而增大;当分散相与连续相入口宽度比小于1时,液滴尺寸随分散相入口宽度增大而增大,随连续相流速的增大而减小,液滴生成频率随分散相入口宽度、连续相流速的增大而增大。数值计算结果表明：微流控聚焦装置液滴生成受几何结构、流速及两相流体物性参数的耦合作用,模拟计算的结果可为微流控聚焦装置结构优化设计提供指导。     

光纤式微液滴光学检测与计数单元仿真分析

为实现微流控芯片上微液滴的检测与计数，设计了光纤式检测与计数单元，使用TracePro软件进行建模仿真以便为检测信号处理提供依据。根据液滴通过检测区域时引起的光强变化来实现计数，分析了照明光束准直性、液滴尺寸、液滴相对溶液折射率以及接收光纤相距芯片距离对光强变化的影响。仿真实验结果表明，照明光束准直性越差，液滴半径越大，相对溶液折射率越低，接收光纤距离越近，相对光强变化越明显，并且液滴大小决定着光强变化曲线中是否会出现双波谷现象，液滴半径小于13 μm时，液滴检测信号为明显的单波谷，半径大于17 μm时，液滴信号为明显双波谷。根据仿真结果提出了检测信号的处理方法，表明该单元可以实现微流控芯片上微液滴的检测与计数功能。     

流动聚焦微通道中双重乳液乳化行为研究

本文基于VOF(Volume of Fluid)相界面追踪方法,建立了流动聚焦微通道中双乳液液滴形成的模型,研究了互不相溶的三种流体在微流控系统中形成双重液滴的典型物理过程,给出了双重液滴形成的典型工况,分析了流动参数和工质物性对液滴形成过程的影响。结果表明:双重乳液液滴形成过程可分为滴式与喷式两种模式;外流体流量增大时液滴形成模式由滴式转变为喷式,所形成的双重液滴尺寸减小;中间流体流量变化对液滴形成模式、所形成的双重乳液内液滴尺寸影响不明显,外液滴随中间流体流量增大而增大。     

T型微通道中液滴半阻塞不对称分裂行为研究

液滴不对称分裂是获得不同尺寸微液滴的优选方法,研究液滴不对称分裂行为对于生物医学、能源化工及食品工程等领域具有重要意义.本文研制T型微通道芯片并设计搭建T型微通道液滴半阻塞不对称分裂行为可视化实验平台,研究流量调控对微液滴分裂比的影响规律,并建立理论模型对分裂比进行预测,得到以下结论:液滴不对称挤压分裂过程分为挤压前期、挤压后期和快速夹断阶段,在挤压前期,液滴颈部宽度随时间呈线性变化,在挤压后期,颈部宽度随时间呈指数关系,而在快速夹断阶段,液滴颈部向心收缩的界面附加压力占主导,液滴颈部宽度剧烈收缩,呈断崖式减小;调控分支通道流量可对液滴不对称分裂比进行调控,且调控作用受毛细数影响较大;基于液液流动压降模型的液滴分裂比预测模型能够有效预测液滴分裂比.     

制备复合液滴的微尺度流动方法

微尺度流动能够一步到位地制备不同结构和功能、尺寸在微米量级的复合液滴.文章回顾了几种常见的基于复合液滴的微尺度流动方法,包括同轴电雾化、复合流动聚焦、微流控芯片、玻璃微毛细管等,并对各种技术的原理和进展进行了简要概括和分析.在这类流动中,不同种类的流体在一定的几何结构通道或外力场作用下平稳地拉伸成微细射流并最终破碎成复合液滴.在同轴电雾化和复合流动聚焦技术中,从毛细管流出的流体能够形成稳定的锥-射流结构,当外力作用改变时能够形成不同的流动模式.在微流控芯片和玻璃微毛细管技术中,流体被约束在固定管道内,不同管道构型下能够形成不同的流动形态.这些方法都采用纯物理机理,过程稳定、易于操作,制备的复合液滴粒径可控,单分散性好,微观结构可设计,在科学研究和工程实际中具有重要的应用价值.      

介质阻挡放电中单双层气隙内微放电通道的等离子体参量研究

采用H型放电间隙的介质阻挡放电装置,在氩气和空气的混合气体中,得到了三种新颖的等离子体发光斑图。较于传统获得的斑图,这三种发光斑图是产生在单层气隙与双层气隙结合的气隙装置之中。通过相机拍摄到的斑图照片,可以发现单层气隙和双层气隙中微放电通道呈现的发光亮度、颜色、放电面积等状态有所不同,这表明微放电通道所处的等离子体状态可能各不相同。通过分析这三种等离子体发光斑图, 利用发射光谱法首次研究了单层气隙和双层气隙内微放电通道的等离子体参量。实验通过采集氮分子第二正带系(C3Π_u→B3Π_g)的发射谱线计算了单层气隙和双层气隙内微放电丝的分子振动温度,并进一步利用氩原子696.57 nm(2P₂→1S₅)谱线的展宽分析了单层气隙和双层气隙内微放电丝的电子密度。结果发现： 在左右相同厚度的双层气隙中,耦合微放电丝的分子振动温度基本相同,电子密度也趋于一致,单层气隙内微放电丝的分子振动温度要高于双层气隙内微放电丝,电子密度则小于双层气隙内微放电丝。单层气隙和双层气隙中不同微放电通道等离子体状态的差异性使之形成多种折射率的等离子体光子晶体,其周期性排布将具有更加丰富的带隙结构。     

基于双波长像面数字全息显微的微通道检测

针对微流控芯片通道三维形貌的可视化测量需求,搭建了一套反射式离轴双波长像面数字全息显微测量系统。首先,利用分辨率靶和标准样片对系统的横向、纵向分辨率和放大倍数进行标定实验,结果表明双波长全息显微系统在横向宽度及纵向深度测量中具有较好的准确性和可行性。然后,利用该系统分别对由PDMS材料制成的直通道、圆形小室结构微流控芯片以及硅基底微流控芯片通道进行三维形貌检测,并得到定量结果：直通道结构深度为48.6μm,宽度为75.8μm;圆形小室微通道深度为48.5μm,宽度为76.6μm;硅基底微流控芯片测量得到通道深度为61.6μm。上述结果与白光干涉仪的测量结果具有良好的一致性,说明双波长全息显微系统具有较高的可靠性和准确性,可为微流控芯片微通道检测提供新的成像检测方法。     

用于微流控液滴检测的共焦激光诱导荧光检测系统

以发射波长为473nm的二极管泵浦激光器为激发光源,搭建适于微流控液滴检测的共聚焦激光诱导荧光检测系统.系统玻璃芯片采用简易加工技术加工而成.并用2%十八烷基三氯硅烷将微通道处理为具有强疏水性质.荧光素钠溶液在T形通道交叉处被十四烷剪切形成液滴,液滴流经检测点时被激光诱导荧光系统检测.荧光素钠的检出限为1.1×10<'...     

微流控制备单分散微米级SiO2微球

采用软模板法制备出了聚二甲基硅氧烷微流控装置。利用该装置讨论了正硅酸乙酯和氨水的用量分别对反应体系凝胶化时间的影响,确定了制备SiO2微球的优化反应体系,即二甲基乙酰胺、正硅酸乙酯和氨水的体积比为8∶4∶1,实验所需的反应温度为60 ℃。实验发现:在微流体通道中,分散相的流速越大,粒径越大;连续相流速越大,粒径越小。因此,通过控制微流控装置中分散相和连续相的流速制备了粒径40~220 m的单分散SiO2微球,并对其形貌进行表征。光学显微镜和粒径分析均表明所制备的SiO2微球球形度高,单分散性好。     

溶液液滴蒸发变干的环状沉积

液体蒸发驱动的颗粒自组装现象在许多的工业技术中有重要应用. 本文利用显微镜观测含有颗粒物质的液滴变干后留在固体表面的颗粒形成的环状沉积图案. 采用微米粒径的SiO₂小球水溶液液滴蒸发变干模拟咖啡环的形成过程, 结果发现液滴蒸发过程中接触线的钉扎是环状沉积的必要条件. 在液滴蒸发过程中颗粒随着补偿流不断的向液滴边缘移动, 聚集在接触线处形成环. 液滴蒸发变干后残留在液滴内部的颗粒数随颗粒质量分数的增加而增加, 可以达到单层的颗粒排列. 而玻璃衬底上的颗粒环在颗粒质量分数很小时, 形成单层排列, 且一排一排地生长. 蒸发过程中颗粒环由于液滴边缘的尺寸限制向液滴中心缓慢移动. 这会导致液滴中不同大小颗粒的分离. 关键词： 液滴 接触线 蒸发 颗粒     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Research on beamforming method for dual-line array with space mismatch between the two line arrays

The performance of port/starboard discrimination of dual-line array will be seriously degraded when the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. The directivity function of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is deduced and the port/starboard discrimination of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is also studied both under the ideal status and the status under which the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. Analysis results show the delay-subtract beamforming has better performance of port/starboard discrimination. At last, the sea trial results demonstrate the theoretical results.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Retrieval of ultraviolet skylight radiances and O3 slant column densities from balloon-borne limb spectrometer

With a novel light-weight and absolutely calibrated ultraviolet （UV） spectrometer, UV skylight radiances and O3 slant column densities are measured by balloon-borne limb measurements in Xinjiang area, China. UV skylight radiances measured at the height of 31 km are compared with the results from Modtran in the wavelength range from 290 to 420 nm. O3 slant column densities are derived from radiance spectra in the Huggins bands （320 - 335 nm） using differential optical absorption spectroscopy method. And the parameter exhibits a good correlation with the same value simulated by radiative transfer model （Tracy）. The O3 profile simultaneously measured by an O3 sonde is used as input in Tracy calculations. The O3 sonde is launched on the same balloon.     

Design optimization of highly sensitive LSPR enhanced surface plasmon resonance biosensors with nanoholes

For breaking through the sensitivity limitation of conventional surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensors, novel highly sensitive SPR biosensors with Au nanoparticles and nanogratings enhancement have been proposed recently.But in practice, these structures have obvious disadvantages.In this study, a nanohole based sensitivity enhancement SPR biosensor is proposed and the influence of different structural parameters on the performance is investigated by using rigorous coupled wave analysis (RCWA).Electromagnetic field distributions around the nanohole are also given out to directly explain the performance difference for various structural parameters.The results indicate that significant sensitivity increase is associated with localized surface plasmons (LSPs) excitation mediated by nanoholes.Except to outcome the weakness of other LSP based biosensors, larger resonance angle shift, reflectance amplitude, and sharper SPR curves' width are obtained simultaneously under optimized structural parameters.     

Polymer gratings based on photopolymerization for low-order distributed feedback polymer lasers

Novel polymer distributed feedback(DFB)gratings are fabricated based on photopolymerization to reduce lasing threshold of polymer lasers.A photopolymer formulation sensitive to 355-nm ultraviolet(UV)light is proposed for the fabrication of polymer gratings and it can be used to form polymer films by spin-coating process.A very low surface-relief depth ranging from 12.5 to about 1.0 nm has been demonstrated with a refractive-index modulation of about 0.012.The experimental results indicate that such polymer gratings have promising potentials for the fabrication of low-order DFB organic semiconductor lasers.     

A novel methodology for photometric compensation of projection display on patterned screen

We propose a novel methodology based on the projector-camera (ProCam) system to address the photometric compensation issue for the projection display on the patterned screen.The patterned screen is treated as the combination of a perfect white screen and a color modulator.The perfect white screen is used to automatically and accurately characterize the ProCam system offline using the polynomial model,and the parameters of the color modulator can be efficiently recovered by employing only two gray images based on the linear reflectance model.The experimental results show that the color artifacts of the display image can be greatly improved with this methodology,which demonstrates its feasibility and validity in the photometric compensation.