IrSnOx电极制备及其在电氧化制备2,5-二氯苯酚中的应用

采用热分解法制备钛基IrSnO_x电极,并将电极应用于电催化氧化对二氯苯制备2,5-二氯苯酚,探索了绿色高效的电合成途径. 结果表明,电极表面存在裂纹,中间层Sn:Sb为94:6时裂纹较少,强化寿命较长;电极对对二氯苯电氧化具有较好的循环伏安响应;IrSnO_x电极电催化氧化对二氯苯所得产物主要为2,5-二氯苯酚、1,2,4-三氯苯、对氯苯酚等,其中2,5-二氯苯酚选择性达93%,产率57%,显著优于以析氯电极、析氧电极、铂为阳极时,2,5-二氯苯酚的选择性89%、27%、87%和30%、15%、49%的产率,体现了优良的电催化氧化性能.     

Rotating Ring (Pt)–Disc (FeS2) Electrode Behavior in Hydrochloric Solutions

A rotating ring (Pt)–disc (FeS₂) electrode was used to investigate the surface oxidation process of pyrite in the hydrochloric solutions. It is reported for the first time that the oxidation intermediates of pyrite were formed on the disc electrode and then oxidized on the ring electrode. The results indicate that at a rotation rate of 20 Hz, when the disc electrode potential was in the region of 0.43 to 0.62 V and the ring electrode potential was at 1 V vs a standard calomel electrode (SCE), approximately 50% of the reacted pyrite was oxidized to ferric and sulfate ions and the other 50% was oxidized to sulfur and ferrous ions on the disc electrode. The latter was further oxidized to ferric ions on the ring electrode. As the disc electrode potential increased to 1.22 V vs SCE, more than 90% of the reacted pyrite was oxidized to ferric and sulfate ions on the disc electrode and less than 10% formed ferrous ions, which were further oxidized to ferric ions on the ring electrode.     

Nafion膜修饰电极的制备及其通透性研究

制备Nafion 膜修饰玻碳电极,并研究其对多种电活性物质的通透性.以一系列不同浓度(质量分数分别为O.5%、2%、3%、5%)的Nafion 溶液,采用滴涂或蘸涂方式制成Nafion 膜修饰玻碳电极.利用循环伏安法,通过测定铁氰化钾、抗坏血酸、多巴胺等电活性物质在玻碳电极和不同厚度Nafion 膜修饰电极表面的响应情...     

染料敏化TiO2光电极制备方法的改进

红汞;光电极;性能;染料敏化TiO2光电极制备方法的改进     

An electrochemiluminescent sensor for glucose employing a modified carbon nanotube paste electrode

A carbon nanotube paste (CNTP) electrode and a carbon nanotube paste/glucose oxidase (CNTP/GOx) electrode were prepared, and the electrochemiluminescent (ECL) behavior of luminol in the presence of glucose was investigated in detail at each of these electrodes. Compared to the classical carbon paste (CP) electrode, the CNTP electrode incorporating glucose oxidase greatly enhanced the response of the ECL sensor to glucose due to the electrocatalytic activity of the carbon nanotubes, the specificity of the enzymatic reaction, and the sensitivity of the luminol ECL reaction. Under optimal conditions, the electrode was found to respond linearly to glucose in the concentration range 1.0x10(-6) approximately 2.0x10(-3) mol/L, and the detection limit (defined as the concentration that can be detected at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3) was found to be a glucose concentration of 5.0x10(-7) mol/L. The method used to prepare the CNTP/GOx electrode was very convenient, and the electrode surface could be renewed in the case of fouling by simply polishing or cutting it to expose a new and fully active surface. The relative standard deviations (RSD) were found to be 6.8% and 8.9% for the CNTP electrode and the CNTP/GOx electrode (n=6). The electrode retained 95% of its initial response after two weeks.     

乳酸在Ni-PTFE复合电极上的电氧化

乳酸在Ni-PTFE复合电极上的电氧化;丙酮酸;疏水性     

Poly-salicylic acid modified glassy-carbon electrode and its application

A poly-salicylic acid modified glassy-carbon electrode (PSAMGCE) was prepared by electro-polymerisation. The behaviour of copper on this electrode was investigated by anodic stripping voltammetry. The electrode is about 40 times more sensitive than the unmodified glassy-carbon electrode. It was applied to the determination of trace copper(II) in water, and shows a 96-106% recovery and a relative standard deviation of ca. 3%.     

对硫磷在单壁碳纳米管/金-四氧化三铁纳米粒子复合材料修饰电极上的电化学响应及其测定

制备了单壁碳纳米管/金-四氧化三铁纳米粒子复合材料修饰玻碳电极,用循环伏安法研究了对硫磷在该电极上的电化学行为。该电极对对硫磷具有较好的富集和催化特性,在优化条件下,对硫磷的浓度与其峰电流在2.0×10-9～1.0×10-6 mol/L范围内呈线性关系,其检出限为1.0×10-9 mol/L。对1.0×10-7 mol/L的对硫磷溶液平行测定9次的RSD为3.9%(n=9)。用该电极对不同蔬菜样品中的对硫磷进行测定,平均回收率在96.0%～105.5%之间,相对标准偏差在3.3%～3.9%之间。     

稻壳基活性炭对锰酸锂电池倍率性能的影响

稻壳基活性炭(RH-AC)具有天然的多级孔道结构,是由稻壳碳化和活化两步得到的。 用RH-AC和锰酸锂(LMO)混合制备复合电极,以锂片为对电极,组装半电池进行恒流充放电测试。 实验发现:含有质量分数为5%的RH-AC与90.5%的LMO的复合电极(RH-AC5)在5C电流密度循环100圈后比容量为89.3 mA·h/g,容量保持率高于89%,远优于纯锰酸锂电极。 采用循环伏安法计算出的锂离子扩散系数,及利用交流阻抗测试拟合后得到的结果进一步验证了该结论。     

Establishment of a Hydrogen Scale in 80 Mass % Propylene Carbonate + <Emphasis Type="Italic">p</Emphasis>-Xylene Medium

Details of the standardization of the reference electrode Hg/HgCl_2(s) versus the SHE by a potentiometric method using two acids (viz., perchloric and 2,5-dichlorobenzene-sulfonic acids) in 80 mass % propylene carbonate (PC) + p-xylene (PX), are presented. Using this reference electrode, the standard electrode potential of the quinhydrone electrode was determined in this medium. The reference electrode potential and the standard electrode potential of the quinhydrone electrode were found to be (0.277±0.003) and (0.760±0.003) V versus SHE in 80 mass % PC + PX at 25 °C, respectively. The voltammetric behavior of the quinhydrone system in this medium was investigated at a micro platinum electrode against a non-aqueous double-junction Ag/AgCl reference electrode. The standard electrode potential of the quinhydrone system was also calculated using voltammetric and chronocoulometric data that is comparable with the value obtained by potentiometry.     

Central ring electrode for trapping and excitation/detection in Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry

The use of a central trapping ring electrode for Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR) mass spectrometry is demonstrated. Ions are trapped with an oppositely biased static potential superimposed on both the excite and detect electrodes and maintained throughout the experiment, including the application of a dipolar rf excite waveform and the image current ion detection event. The use of a central trapping electrode for FTICR coupled with an open cell design retains the advantages of high ion throughput and gas conductance, while simplifying the electrode geometry and reducing the overall dimensions of the cell. This allows the central trapping electrode to be of utility in volume-limited vacuum chambers including FTICR instrument miniaturization. Presented here are the preliminary experimental results using the central trapping electrode as an FTICR cell in which the excitation and detection electrodes also create a trapping depression to constrain the z-axis motion of the ions. The cell overcomes the principle limitation of an earlier single trapping electrode design by producing a 91% effective potential well depth compared to 19% for the single trapping electrode and 33% for standard open cells. This allows the central trapping electrode configuration to achieve an order of magnitude improvement in ion capacity compared to more conventional open cell designs.     

双盘工作电极参比电位采样快扫伏安方法

报道一种双铂盘工作电极、相应的毛细管参比电极和竖直式电化学池设计并用于快速循环伏安测量.双工作电极包括一个常规工作电极,一个辅助工作电极.后者在使用中接地,仅提供参比电位来控制工作电极的电位.参比毛细管尖端安设在接近辅助工作电极的位置上;用0.3mm直径Pt盘工作电极,在电位扫描速度高达10kV/s都可以得到类似于100%iR补偿的伏安曲线,而不必使用iR补偿电路.本文围绕高扫速伏安法中工作电极电位的准确控制问题做了一些初步的探讨.     

A Portable Fill‐and‐Flow Channel Biosensor with an Electrode to Predict the Effect of Interferences

A portable fill‐and‐flow channel biosensor with a “predictor electrode” is described. The predictor electrode, on the opposite channel wall and upstream of the detector electrode, allows direct evaluation of the current due to interfering species at the detector electrode. A model is developed which shows that the reaction at the upstream predictor electrode has no significant effect on the concentration distribution of the interfering species at the detector electrode. This enables a straightforward correction of the current at the detector electrode and a determination of the analyte concentration. The effect of interference from ascorbic acid in the detection of glucose in samples was efficiently removed by using such a concept. The recovery of glucose from samples containing ascorbic acid was 103% (s=12%, n=3). The approach was also applied to a biosensor for the determination of glucose in red wine samples containing polyphenolic interferents.     

铜-镍合金电极表面组成及状态的变化对硝基苯电还原的影响

铜-镍合金电极表面组成及状态的变化对硝基苯电还原的影响;Monel合金电极;表面状态;硝基苯;对氨基苯酚;电还原     

Construction and Application of a PVC Membrane Enoxacin Ion－selective Electrode Based on a Needle－shaped Inner Reference Electrode

IntroductionPVC membrane- coated- wire electrodes areused in the analytical field widely. They are pre-pared usually with platinum wire,silver wire orgraphite rod coated with a PVC thin membranecontaining various active components and plasticiz-ers[1— 3 ] .The electrodes have no inner KCl solutionand they are notinfluenced by the sample pressure.Furthermore,they are free from directional selec-tivity when they are installed,and they can be mi-crominiaturized easily. The shortcomings of th…     

Fe修饰多壁碳纳米管电极高效产H2O2

为提高电芬顿(Electro-Fenton)体系H2O2的产率, 制备了多壁碳纳米管(MWNT)电极, 并与石墨/气体扩散(GDC)电极进行了比较. 结果表明, MWNT电极H2O2产率高于GDC电极. 采用电沉积方法, 制备了Fe修饰MWNT(Fe-MWNT)电极, 发现Fe对MWNT电极的修饰不仅可以提高体系的H2O2产率, 而且电流效率可以提高8%左右, 与GDC电极的电流效率接近. Fe-MWNT电极有望成为一种新型的阴极材料应用于Electro-Fenton体系中.     

电化学浸渍法制备空间氢镍电池用镍电极的循环寿命研究

以空间储能电源4.5’镍极板为对象,研究了过充电、高倍率及极板孔径对电化学浸渍电极循环寿命的影响.结果表明,5C过充电70%,电极初始容量为2.7 Ah,150次循环后容量逐渐下降,300次循环,放电容量约为1.7 Ah(保持率约63%).5C无过充电,300次循环其容量保持率约100%,1000次循环,容量保持率仍可达76%.无过充电,极板孔径及小电流活化均可改善电极循环性能.     

A new capillary electrophoresis end-column amperometric detection system without the need for capillary/electrode alignment

A self-aligning end-column amperometric detection system for capillary electrophoresis was constructed. In this system, the electrode and capillary were exchanged easily and the capillary/electrode alignment procedure is not required. Gold, gold/mercury amalgam, copper and carbon fiber could be used as the working electrode. The principle is in the use of two disk holders with the capillary and the electrode in the center, so that by inserting the disk holders into a groove in the working electrode port, the capillary and the electrode are automatically aligned and the distance between the capillary and the electrode is assured at 0.24 mm. The relative standard deviation obtained using five different gold/mercury amalgam microdisk electrodes for determination of cysteine was 1.5% for the migration time and 3.3% for the electrophoretic peak current. The simple and convenient system was attractive for the routine analysis by capillary electrophoresis with electrochemical detection. The system was applied to the determination of promethazine hydrochloride in human serum.     

Development of a nitrate ion-selective electrode based on an Urushi matrix membrane and its application to the direct measurement of nitrate-nitrogen in upland soils

A solid-state nitrate ion-selective electrode based on an Urushi matrix membrane was developed. Urushi, a natural oriental lacquer, has excellent mechanical strength and binding affinity for metal electrodes. Using the same technique for a dip-coating ion-selective electrode, an electrode was prepared by coating and hardening a sensing membrane on the metal base. The effects of the metal electrode on the electrode potential stability, the liquid-membrane components and the oven temperature for hardening of membrane were studied. The sensing membrane, consisting of 27.5 wt.% of o-nitrophenyl octyl ether. 27.5 wt.% of tri-n-octylmethylammonium nitrate and 45 wt.% of raw Urushi latex, was coated with a thickness of 0.5 mm on a silver disc which was plated with Ag/AgCl, then plated with copper and hardened in the oven at 80 degrees C for 50 h. A semi-logarithmic calibration curve of potential versus nitrate ion concentration was obtained over the range 6-60 000 mg l(-1) NO(3)(poststaggered-). The slope of the linear part of the curve was -56 mV per decade change in NO(3)(poststaggered-) concentration. Compared with a PVC matrix nitrate ion-selective electrode, the Urushi matrix nitrate ion-selective electrode was superior in terms of hardness and mechanical strength of the membrane, short response time and long life. The combination of an Urushi matrix nitrate ion-selective electrode with a porous PTFE junction reference electrode, air-tight structured KCl solution chamber and a temperature sensor was applied to field measurements of nitrate-nitrogen concentrations in upland soils. The values obtained for upland soils containing 30-50% of water were good agreement with those for soil solution.     

Preliminary study of single flow zinc–nickel battery

A novel redox flow battery–single flow Zn/NiOOH battery is proposed. The electrolyte of this battery for both negative electrode and positive electrode is high concentration solutions of ZnO in aqueous KOH, the negative electrode is inert metal such as nickel foil, and the positive electrode is nickel oxide for secondary alkaline batteries. Typically, there is no requirement for a membrane in the battery. Ni(OH)₂ is oxidized to NiOOH at positive electrode and the zincate ions is reduced to zinc and electroplated onto the negative electrode during charge. The reverse occurs during discharge. Results obtained with a small laboratory cell show that high efficiencies can be achieved with an average coulombic efficiency of 96% and energy efficiency of 86% over 1000 cycles. High performance obtained indicates that the single flow zinc/nickel battery is a promising battery.