不同形貌ZnO@PANI纳米复合材料的制备及光催化性质

采用直接沉淀法和水热合成法制备出形貌和尺寸比较均一的颗粒状、棒状和球形花状的纳米ZnO。使用硅烷偶联剂KH-42(苯胺甲基三乙氧基硅烷,C₆H₅-NH-CH₂-Si(OCH₃)₃)对所得纳米ZnO进行表面化学修饰,修饰后的纳米ZnO(m-ZnO),经由皮克林乳液聚合法使苯胺单体在其表面聚合,形成聚苯胺(PANI)包覆的氧化锌纳米复合材料(m-ZnO@PANI),采用XRD、SEM、HRTEM、FTIR、UV-Vis、TG等对样品进行表征;研究了m-ZnO@PANI纳米复合材料对亚甲基蓝(MB)的光催化性能。结果表明,复合材料对可见光也有较强的吸收,在紫外、可见光照射下都有较好的光催化降解效率。其中,棒状ZnO纳米复合材料的光催化降解性能最好,它的紫外-可见光和可见光光催化降解率分别达到98.2%和97.1%,而且复合材料的光催化性能稳定,二次循环的紫外-可见光催化降解率仍达到96.0%。     

PANI/AMTES-TiO2纳米复合材料的制备及其光催化性能

首先用偶联剂苯胺基甲基三乙氧基硅烷(AMTES)对纳米TiO2进行表面修饰(AMTES-TiO2), 然后通过苯胺单体在AMTES-TiO2表面的原位化学氧化接枝聚合, 制备了基于共价键结合的聚苯胺(PANI)/AMTES-TiO2纳米复合光催化材料. 用红外光谱(FTIR), X射线衍射(XRD), 热重分析(TGA), 紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis-DRS)和荧光发射光谱(PL)等技术对复合材料进行了表征. 以亚甲基蓝(MB)为目标降解物, 研究了PANI/AMTES-TiO2复合材料在太阳光和紫外光下的光催化性能. 结果表明:聚苯胺敏化拓宽了TiO2的光谱响应范围, 复合材料在紫外和可见光区都有较强的吸收, 提高了光能的利用率和光生载流子的分离效率, 使复合材料表现出较高的光催化活性; 苯胺与AMTES-TiO2的质量比(w)对复合材料的光催化活性有较大影响, 当w为0.025时, 复合材料在两种光源下的催化性能均优于TiO2和AMTES-TiO2.     

PANI/AMTES-TiO2纳米复合材料的制备及其光催化性能

首先用偶联剂苯胺基甲基三乙氧幕硅烷(AMTES)对纳米TiO2进行表而修饰(AMTES-TiO2),然后通过苯胺单体在AMTES-TiO2表面的原位化学氧化接枝聚合,制备了基于共价键结合的聚苯胺(PANI)/AMTES-TiO2纳米复合光催化材料.用红外光谱(FTIR),X射线衍射(XRD),热重分析(TGA),紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis-DRS)和荧光发射光谱(PL)等技术对复合材料进行了表征.以亚甲基蓝(MB)为目标降解物,研究了 PANI/AMTES-TiO2复合材料在太阳光和紫外光下的光催化性能.结果表明:聚苯胺敏化拓宽了TiO2的光谱响应范围,复合材料在紫外和可见光区都有较强的吸收,提高了光能的利用率和光生载流子的分离效率,使复合材料表现出较高的光催化活性;苯胺与AMTES-TiO2的质量比(w)对复合材料的光催化活性有较大影响,当w为0.025时,复合材料在两种光源下的催化性能均优于TiO2和AMTES-TiO2.     

Fe3+改性纳米ZnO光催化降解壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚

采用氨浸法制备了不同Fe3 含量的Fe3 /ZnO光催化剂,并用X射线衍射、N2吸附、X射线光电子能谱和紫外-可见漫反射光谱对纳米Fe3 /ZnO进行了表征.以壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚(NPE-10)为模型污染物,分别在紫外光和可见光下考察了纳米Fe3 /ZnO的光催化活性.结果表明,该方法能成功地将Fe掺杂到ZnO晶体上,且随着Fe3 添加量的增加,ZnO的晶粒尺寸逐渐减小,比表面积逐渐增大.与纳米ZnO样品相比,Fe3 /ZnO中Fe2p结合能减小,而Zn2p和O1s结合能增大,ZnO表面的羟基氧和吸附氧含量增加,光催化活性提高.当Fe3 的添加量大于0.5%时,Fe3 /ZnO样品的吸收光谱发生红移,在可见光区出现吸收.光催化降解结果显示,0.5?3 /ZnO样品的光催化活性最高,在紫外光和可见光照射3h后对NPE-10的降解率分别比纯ZnO提高18%和69%.     

碳纳米管/TiO_2复合材料的制备及表征研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法和水热合成法,制备出碳纳米管/TiO2(CNTs/TiO2)复合材料。通过X-射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM),紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis),荧光光谱(LS)检测CNTs/TiO2的晶型及形貌。结果表明:锐钛矿相TiO2纳米颗粒负载在碳纳米管的管壁上,CNTs/TiO2在紫外-可见光波长范围均有较好的吸收性能。在灭菌灯照射下,以甲基橙溶液为降解目标,CNTs/TiO2复合材料对甲基橙溶液的降解有高的光催化活性,180 min内降解率达到85%以上。     

CdS/ZnO复合光催化剂降解亚甲基蓝的研究

利用水热法合成具有层级片状结构的ZnO纳米片,再利用原位生长法得到不同CdS复合比的CdS/ZnO复合光催化剂。采用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、紫外-可见漫反射吸收光谱(UV-Vis)等手段对所制备的光催化剂进行了表征,并考察了CdS/ZnO在可见光下光催化降解亚甲基蓝溶液的催化性能。研究表明,经CdS修饰后,其光催化性能明显提高。当亚甲基蓝初始浓度为5mg·L~(-1),催化剂用量为2g·L~(-1)时,光反应240min后,亚甲基蓝的降解率高达96%。同时,对CdS/ZnO复合光催化剂可见光降解亚甲基蓝的催化机理进行了分析。     

水热合成掺Fe氧化锌复合材料及其光催化活性

以Zn(Ac)2•2H2O、Fe(NO3)3•9H2O和NaOH为原料,采用水热法合成了Fe掺杂ZnO复合材料。并用x射线衍射和扫描电子显微镜技术对合成样品的结构和形貌进行了表征,Fe掺杂ZnO合成产物为直棒状,直径为500 nm,长度为3 µm左右。样品的紫外可见漫反射分析,在300~500 nm紫外可见光区域均有强的吸收。利用Fe掺杂ZnO作为光催化剂降解有机染料,发现对于光催化降解有机染料有较好的降解功能,且光降解性能优于纯ZnO材料。     

AgBr@ZnO复合光催化剂的制备及光催化性能和反应动力学模拟

利用原位生长法制备了一系列不同AgBr含量的AgBr@ZnO复合光催化剂,采用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、紫外-可见漫反射吸收光谱(UV-Vis)等手段对所制备的光催化剂进行了表征,并考察了AgBr@ZnO在可见光下光催化降解亚甲基蓝溶液的光催化性能。研究表明,AgBr均匀负载在ZnO表面,且复合光催化剂表现出比纯ZnO更高的光催化活性。当复合AgBr含量为10%时,所制备的复合光催化剂的光催化活性最佳,光反应240 min后对MB的降解率可达82.3%。所制备的复合光催化剂可见光下降解亚甲基蓝遵循一级反应动力学。     

g-C3N4纳米管的制备及其光催化降解性能

以三聚氰胺和碳酸氢铵混合物为原料,采用简便热解法制备g-C_3N_4纳米管。热解过程中碳酸氢铵分解释放出大量的NH3,能够诱导纳米管的形成。利用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、红外光谱(IR)、N_2吸附-脱附、紫外-可见漫反射光谱以及紫外可见光谱(UV)等分析测试方法对该光催化剂的微观形貌结构和催化性能进行了表征。以罗丹明光催化降解为模型反应研究了g-C_3N_4纳米管的光催化活性。g-C_3N_4纳米管的表面积明显增大,且能够有效地促进光生电子转移,在可见光下具有较强的光催化性能,降解率在60和120 min时分别能达到95%和99.4%,且循环重复利用5次后降解率不低于92%。     

纳米Ag/ZnO光催化剂及其催化降解壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚性能

采用氨浸法制备了不同Ag负载量的纳米Ag/ZnO光催化剂,并用X射线衍射、比表面积测定、X射线光电子能谱和漫反射紫外-可见光谱测定了Ag/ZnO的晶型结构、比表面积、表面组成和光谱特征.以壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚(NPE-10)为模型污染物,分别在紫外光和可见光照射下考察了纳米Ag/ZnO的光催化活性.结果表明,Ag能成功地负载到ZnO表面,且随着Ag负载量的增加,ZnO的粒径逐渐增大,比表面积逐渐减小.与纳米ZnO样品相比,Ag/ZnO中Ag 3d5/2结合能减小,而Zn 2p和O 1s结合能增大,ZnO表面的羟基氧和吸附氧含量增加.当Ag负载量大于0.5%时,Ag/ZnO样品的吸收光谱发生红移,在可见光区出现吸收.光催化降解结果表明,0.5%Ag/ZnO样品的光催化活性最高,在紫外光和可见光照射3 h后NPE-10降解率分别约为77%和56%,而ZnO样品的光催化活性仅约为61%和40%.     

ZnO/graphene-oxide nanocomposite with remarkably enhanced visible-light-driven photocatalytic performance

In this work, a high-performance photocatalyst of ZnO/graphene-oxide (ZnO/GO) nanocomposite was synthesized via a facile chemical deposition route and used for the photodegradation of organic dye from water under visible light. The nanocomposite was characterized by X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller N(2) adsorption-desorption analysis, and UV-Vis diffusion reflectance spectroscopy. The ZnO/GO nanocomposite consisting of flower-like ZnO nanoparticles anchored on graphene-oxide sheets has a high surface area and hierarchical porosity, which is benefit to the adsorption and mass transfer of dye and oxygen species. For the photodegradation of organic dyes under visible light, ZnO/GO nanocomposite exhibited remarkably enhanced photocatalytic efficiency than graphene-oxide sheets and flower-like ZnO particles. Moreover, the photocatalytic efficiency of ZnO/GO nanocomposite could be further improved by annealing the product in N(2) atmosphere. The outstanding photocatalytic performance was ascribed to the efficient photosensitized electron injection and repressed charge carriers recombination in the composite with GO as electron collector and transporter, thus leading to continuous generation of reactive oxygen species for the degradation of methylene blue.     

Ag@AgBr光催化剂的制备及其可见光催化降解亚甲基蓝反应性能

采用沉积-沉淀及光还原法制备了Ag@AgBr等离子体光催化剂,利用X射线衍射、扫描电镜和紫外-可见漫反射光谱对其进行了表征,并考察了该等离子体光催化剂在可见光(λ420nm)下的催化性能,探讨了催化剂用量、pH值、亚甲基蓝初始浓度、H2O2添加量、循环使用及捕获剂对Ag@AgBr催化性能的影响.结果表明,当亚甲基蓝的初始浓度为10mg/L,催化剂用量为1g/L,pH=9.8时,光照12min后,亚甲基蓝的降解率高达96%,且样品经5次循环使用后活性基本保持不变;而少量H2O2的添加对光催化活性影响不大,过量的H2O2会降低光催化活性;乙二胺四乙酸捕获空穴后比异丙醇捕获·OH后的光催化活性降得更低.同时,对Ag@AgBr等离子体光催化剂可见光降解亚甲基蓝的催化机理进行了分析.     

Preparation, characterization, and photocatalytic activity of polyaniline/ZnO nanocomposite

Polyaniline (PANI)/zinc oxide (ZnO) nanocomposite was synthesized by in-situ polymerization. X-ray diffraction patterns, UV?Cvisible spectroscopy, SEM, and TEM were used to characterize the composition and structure of the nanocomposite. Nanostructured PANI/ZnO composite was used as photocatalyst in the photodegradation of methylene blue dye molecules in aqueous solution. The photocatalytic activity of PANI/ZnO nanocomposite under UV and visible light irradiation was evaluated and was compared with that of ZnO nanoparticles. ZnO/PANI core?Cshell nanocomposite had greater photocatalytic activity than ZnO nanoparticles and pristine PANI under visible light irradiation. According to these results, application of PANI as a shell on the surface of ZnO nanoparticles causes the enhanced photocatalytic activity of the PANI/ZnO nanocomposite. Also UV?Cvisible spectroscopy studies showed that the absorption peak for PANI/ZnO nanocomposite has a red shift toward visible wavelengths compared with the ZnO nanoparticles and pristine PANI. The effect of different operating conditions on the photocatalytic performance of PANI/ZnO nanocomposite in the photodegradation of methylene blue dye molecules was investigated in a bath experimental setup.     

Photocatalysis Activity and Physicochemical Structure of Titanium Dioxide Co-doped withN and B

Titanium dioxide co-doped with N and B was prepared by sol-gel method. The photocatalytic activity was evaluated by the photodegradation of methylene blue under visible light. Its physicochemical properties were characterized by means of UV-Vis DRS, XRD, PT-IR, and XPS. The results indicated that N-B-TiO2 has good activity to the photodegradation of MB. Its decolourizing rate of methylene blue solution goes up to 98.4% under the visible light irradiation with 5 h. The doping nitrogen forms N-Ti-O and boron primarily existing in oxide appears in the N-B-TiO2 sample. They response for visible light of TiOa was also exploited.     

铜卟啉-TiO_2复合光催化剂制备及降解4-NP的研究

合成了取代基数目不同的3种铜卟啉配合物,并与纯锐钛矿型TiO2作用,得到相应的铜卟啉敏化TiO2复合光催化剂.采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)考察了铜卟啉-TiO2复合光催化剂的形貌特征,紫外-可见光谱和X射线衍射(XRD)分析结果表明,铜卟啉负载于TiO2表面,未改变TiO2的晶型.可见光降解4-硝基苯酚(4-NP)实验结果表明,复合催化剂性质稳定,可多次重复使用,卟啉环外围极性取代基数目越多,铜卟啉光敏化效果越好.     

共沉淀法制备稀土Ce掺杂的纳米ZnO及其光催化降解染料的性能

以六水合硝酸锌和六水合硝酸铈?髥为原料,通过共沉淀法制备了一系列稀土Ce掺杂的纳米ZnO,并采用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、傅里叶红外光谱(IR)、扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线能谱分析(EDS)、紫外可见漫反射光谱对其进行了全面表征。部分样品还通过X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和光致荧光光谱(PL)进行了进一步分析。分别在日光和紫外光条件下,对这一系列Ce掺杂的ZnO进行了光催化降解亚甲基蓝的性能研究,得出当Ce的掺杂量为3%(n/n)时(ZnO-3%Ce),其光催化活性最佳,光催化降解亚甲基蓝的效率均超过98%。选取ZnO-3%Ce作为催化剂,分别进一步考察其在日光和紫外光下对罗丹明B和甲基橙的光催化降解性能。研究结果表明,ZnO-3%Ce在日光和紫外光下均表现出较好的光催化降解效果,体现出良好的光降解普适性。日光下光降解效率顺序为:亚甲基蓝>罗丹明B>甲基橙,而紫外光下降解效率顺序为:罗丹明B>亚甲基蓝>甲基橙。最后,我们研究了催化剂ZnO-3%Ce的循环利用及稳定性性能。实验结果表明:该催化剂循环使用3次之后,光催化效率仍然稳定在97%以上,并且其结构和组成保持不变,体现出优异的稳定性和应用前景。     

Room Temperature Synthesis and Photocatalytic Activity of Magnetically Recoverable Fe3O4/BiOCl Nanocomposite Photocatalysts

Magnetically recoverable Fe₃O₄/BiOCl nanocomposite photocatalysts were fabricated by a simple chemical coprecipitation method at room temperature. The amount of Fe₃O₄ incorporated into BiOCl was varied from 0 to 20 wt%. The as-synthesized samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, and vibrating sample magnetometer. The obtained results show that the as-synthesized samples mainly contain both crystalline phases (Fe₃O₄ and BiOCl) and are composed of flower-like nanostructures. Compared to UV light-responsive BiOCl, all the nanocomposite photocatalysts show a strong light absorbance in the range of 250–800 nm, demonstrating that the Fe₃O₄/BiOCl nanocomposites can respond to visible as well as UV light. Moreover, visible light absorbance was increased with the increase in the Fe₃O₄ amount in the composite. The photocatalytic activity of nanocomposite photocatalysts was evaluated by the photodegradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) over the samples under visible light irradiation. The 10 wt% Fe₃O₄/BiOCl nanocomposite photocatalyst shows the highest photocatalytic efficiency among the samples. The Fe₃O₄/BiOCl nanocomposite photocatalyst was stable under visible light irradiation to efficiently degrade RhB molecules after five cycles and could be easily recovered with a magnet after each cycle.     

Ag@AgI等离子体负载TiO2酸蚀纳米带的制备及可见光光催化性能的研究

采用沉积-沉淀法将AgI分散到TiO2酸蚀纳米带上,然后通过光照进而分解出Ag颗粒,最终获得了Ag@AgI等离子体负载的TiO2酸蚀纳米带(AIST)。利用UV-Vis吸收光谱、XRD、SEM对产物进行表征,并研究了可见光下对甲基橙(MO)的光催化降解性能。结果表明,纳米带酸蚀后利于AgI的沉积,Ag的表面等离子体共振效应可以增强催化剂对于可见光的吸收,使可见光下AIST的光催化降解性能显著提高。     

花状Cu2O/Cu的水热合成及其光催化性能

以硝酸铜为前驱体, 不采用任何模板, 通过逐步水热法合成了花状Cu2O/Cu复合纳米材料. 用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)和紫外-可见漫反射光谱(DRS)对样品进行表征. 结果表明, 花状纳米Cu2O/Cu材料是由长为300-500 nm, 宽为30-70 nm的带状花瓣构成, 在可见光区域有很强的吸收. 复合材料中Cu的含量可以通过反应时间进行调控. 对染料Procion Red MX-5B(PR)的可见光催化降解, Cu能明显提高Cu2O的光催化性能. 当Cu质量分数为27%-71%时, 复合材料Cu2O/Cu的催化活性明显高于单相Cu2O. 与立方体形貌的Cu2O/Cu复合材料相比, 花状纳米Cu2O/Cu复合材料对染料PR有更高的催化降解性能. 且该复合材料有较高的循环回收利用率.