高阻尼合金胶粘层合板阻尼特性研究

考虑高阻尼合金胶粘层合板中高阻尼合金的阻尼迟滞特性和胶粘剂本构中固化时间影响的关系,进行粘贴阻尼合金板后层合板结构的非线性动力有限元建模。对不同胶粘剂固化时间的高阻尼合金层合板进行数值仿真分析,用有理分式正交多项法结合非线性优化方法对仿真数据进行处理,得到不同胶粘剂固化时间下高阻尼合金层合板的固有频率和模态阻尼比。通过与锤击法模态试验所得高阻尼合金层合板模态参数对比,验证了有限元仿真模型的合理性。通过数值仿真和试验结果分析发现:粘贴阻尼合金板后层合板结构阻尼比有大幅度提高;随着胶粘剂固化时间的增加,层合板阻尼性能增强,瞬态振动也可以得到更快地衰减。表明高阻尼合金层合板的阻尼性能与阻尼合金的应变幅值有关;阻尼合金的应变幅值越大,阻尼合金层合板模态阻尼比越大,对应结构的减振性能越佳。     

具有分层损伤的不同加筋形式复合材料层合板的后屈曲性态研究

基于板的一阶剪切理论和V on-K arm an大挠度理论,分别推导了复合材料层合板和层合梁的几何非线性有限元列式,提出了含嵌入分层的复合材料加筋层合板在受压缩载荷作用下的后屈曲有限元分析方法,对在板厚方向具有不同分层位置的加筋板结构进行了有限元数值分析,研究了不同的加筋方式及筋的分布对具有分层损伤的复合材料加筋层合板的后屈曲性态的影响,所得结果对确定在压缩载荷作用下含损伤复合材料加筋层合板的剩余承载能力具有参考价值。     

破片冲击作用下舰船复合材料结构损伤的近场动力学模拟

基于近场动力学方法，综合分析了破片的速度、层合板的铺层方式、加筋板的筋条尺寸和破片相对筋条的冲击位置对结构损伤模式和破片剩余速度的影响。结果显示:高速破片冲击作用下，层合板会发生侵彻和穿透现象，层合板的损伤模式以基体损伤为主，且随着破片冲击速度的增大，板上下表面的损伤区域呈现出一种先增大后减小的趋势；高速破片冲击作用下，层合的板损伤扩展方向和纤维铺设方向有关，对于纤维铺层方向相同的层合板，其上下表面的损伤扩展方向一般与纤维方向相同；加筋板通过增加少量质量可以获得比层合板更好的抗破片冲击性能，且加筋板的筋条尺寸和破片相对筋条的冲击位置对加筋板的损伤具有明显影响。     

约束阻尼层合板的稳态响应

基于Reddy分层理论推导出约束阻尼层合板的稳态振动方程,得到了约束阻尼层合板的振动频率和损耗因子;分别分析了约束阻尼层合板的粘弹性夹层厚度、模量对固有频率和损耗因子的影响;得到了稳态振动时振幅和频率曲线以及横向应力与面内应力。数值计算结果表明所采用的算法是可靠的。     

复合材料分层断裂判据及扩展准则研究

针对现有层间开裂判据及扩展准则未考虑断裂模式耦合性的现状,本文提出了基于模式混合度的复合材料分层断裂判据及扩展准则。依此模型计算了蒙皮/凸缘复合材料加筋层合板结构的分层扩展行为。计算结果表明,所提出的开裂判据及扩展准则能够较好的预测蒙皮/凸缘复合材料加筋层合板结构的断裂力学行为,所得结果对确定含损伤复合材料加筋层合板结...     

电流变体粘弹性能的实验研究

电流变体是智能材料与结构中一种重要的致动器材料。本文对电流变体在电场作用下的粘弹性特性进行了实验研究。使用旋转式流变仪对表征流体粘性的蠕变特性进行了测试。同时,对电流变体进行了强制振荡试验,测试了流体在不同应力幅值、应力频率下的剪切模量主变化,得到了电流变体的复剪切模量以及剪切存储模量、损耗模量承承中电场变化的规律。     

Lamb波理论及层合板冲击损伤的实验研究

从理论上分析了板中Lamb波信号的传播特性,并给出Lamb波在板中传播的频散方程。理论分析及实验均表明,Lamb波的频散特性与复合材料结构损伤有着直接的联系,而且最低阶的对称和反对称Lamb波模态对层合板的损伤比较敏感,但应用Lamb波的频散效应监测结构的损伤在检测技术上还难以实现。根据板中导波形成Lamb波的共振原理,板中应力波的幅频特性很大程度上反映了Lamb波的谐振特征。因此,利用压电元件的压电阻抗谱分析应力波的各阶模态频率及振幅对结构损伤的变化,能够反映材料内部损伤与Lamb波的频散特性。文中针对表面粘贴压电元件的层合板智能结构,建立了包含Lamb波谐振模式的压电阻抗计算模型。冲击损伤试件的实验表明,由于结构损伤的出现压电阻抗谱中的模态频率及其阻抗幅值等特征信息将发生变化。因此,引入应力波损伤因子可以对结构冲击损伤的存在和程度进行初步评价。该方法基于结构的机-电动态阻抗特性,不受结构的几何形状限制,测试用的压电元件成本低,方法简单可行,有望在智能结构的健康诊断方面获得应用。     

考虑芯层离散特性的方形蜂窝夹层板自由振动分析

针对方形蜂窝夹层板,考虑其离散的芯层结构形式,在经典夹层板理论的基础上,运用Hamilton变分原理导出了其离散结构形式的运动控制方程.该文以四边简支的方形蜂窝矩形夹层板为例,采用傅立叶级数和伽辽金法求解出夹层板固有频率的半解析解,并与有限元仿真结果进行了比较,两者吻合良好.该文还将夹层板与等质量的实体板固有频率进行了比较,讨论了夹层板芯层薄壁间距、厚度、高度以及面板厚度对其固有频率的影响.计算结果表明,夹层板相对实体板具有很大的刚度;芯层薄壁高度相对其它参数对夹层板固有频率的影响更大.     

静载荷对夹层圆板超谐波共振的影响

研究静载荷作用下夹层圆板的超谐波共振问题．基于Hoff型夹层板理论,给出了静载荷作用下夹层圆板的非线性动力学方程．应用Galerkin法推导了静载荷作用下夹层圆板的轴对称非线性振动方程．运用多尺度法分别对系统的三次超谐波问题和二次超谐波问题进行了求解,并依据Lyapunov稳定性理论得到了系统稳态运动的稳定性判据．通过算例,得到了周边简支约束下夹层圆板三次超谐波共振和二次超谐波共振的幅频响应曲线图、振幅-静载荷响应曲线图、振幅-激励力幅值响应曲线图;研究了不同参数对系统振幅的影响规律,并对解的稳定性进行了分析．     

考虑面内破坏过程的含分层损伤复合材料加筋层合板的动力响应

基于复合材料层合板一阶剪切理论，推导了复合材料层合板单元的刚度阵和质量阵列式；同时采用了Adams应交能法与Rayleigh阻尼模型相结合的方法，构造了相应的阻尼阵列式；为了防止在低阶模态中分层处出现的上、下子板不合理的嵌入现象，建立了含分层损伤复合材料加筋层合板动力分析的分层分析模型和虚拟界面联接模型。在上述模型和理论基础上，采用了Tsai提出的刚度退化准则和动力响应分析的精细积分法，对含分层损伤复合材料加筋层合板结构进行了动力响应和破坏分析。通过算例，分别讨论了外载频率、分层位置，以及破坏过程的刚度退化对含损伤复合材料加筋层合板动力响应特征的影响，得到了一些具有理论和工程价值的结论。     

Measuring static yield stress of electrorheological fluids using the slotted plate device

An electrorheological (ER) response is defined as the dramatic change in rheological properties of a suspension of small particles due to the application of a large electric field transverse to the direction of flow. ER fluids are typically composed of nonconducting or semiconducting particles dispersed in a nonconducting continuous phase. A sufficiently large electric field will cause ER fluids to solidify, giving rising to a yield stress. Many applications in torque and stress transfer devices were proposed employing the reversible yielding behavior of ER fluids. Successful applications depend on a large yield stress of ER fluids and therefore accurate measurements of the yield stress of ER fluids are required. Reported experimental yield stresses of ER fluids have been dynamic yield stresses obtained by extrapolating the shear stress–shear rate data to zero-shear rate. It would be very helpful to the understanding of ER behaviors and the applications of ER fluids to be able to measure the static yield stress of ER fluids accurately. The slotted plate technique has been shown to be a successful method to determine the static yield stress of suspensions. The values obtained via the slotted plate method are static yield stress as the platform is designed for extremely low-speed motion. In this study, we modified the slotted plate device for the application of large electric fields and measured the static yield stress of TiO₂ ER fluids under various electric fields. The measured static yield stress values are also compared with the static yield stress values from a commercial rheometer.     

电流变液研究进展及最新动态──第5届国际电流变液、磁悬浮体 及相关技术研讨会评介

通过评介第５届国际电流变液、磁悬浮体以及相关技术研讨会，指出电流变液和磁流变液的应用研究有重要进展；磁流变液的剪切应力比电流变液大一个数量级，近来又受到重视；在机理研究中，要注意电流变液的表面效应、损耗对电流变效应的影响．本文还归纳了一些电流变液材料设计的思路．     

矩形截面管内电流变液的流动

基于伽辽金方法，导出了矩形截面直管内泊肃叶流动的一阶和二阶近似解．在此基础上，研究了电流变单链的变形问题，并得到了描述它形状的多项式函数．     

Dynamic characteristics of a beam specimen featuring electrorheological fluids

The experimental investigations are focused on evaluating the elastodynamic response characteristics of beams fabricated in electrorheological (ER) fluids when the beams are subjected to forced vibration. The beams used in this experiment are composed of three kinds of materials: structural material, damping material and sealant material. Beams with different ER fluids and different structural material are made and tested. The results demonstrate clearly the ability to significantly change the vibrational characteristics of beams fabricated in smart composites by changing the electric field intensity imposed on the fluid domains. With the ASTM standard E756-83 equations, the Young's modulus of the beams and the shear modulus of ER fluids are evaluated.     

电流变液与压电陶瓷复合的自耦合阻尼器

基于智能结构的思想,率先提出设计制作电流变液和压电陶瓷复合的自耦合阻尼器．相比于通常的电流变液阻尼器,该自耦合阻尼器采用压电陶瓷响应外界振动而输出高电压,激励电流变液体工作,从而省去了外加高压电源．随外作用力变化,激励电流变液的压电陶瓷电压自动改变,阻尼器具有自适应的特征,省去了通常的计算机等控制系统．研制的第1代电流变液／压电陶瓷阻尼器实现了自适应的控制过程,显示了良好的减振性能．在第2代产品中采用了新的设计,提高了阻尼器的结构稳定性和可靠性,使阻尼器整体性能得到提高．     

电流变液在两平行电极板间流动行为的实验研究

通过实验的方法研究了电流变液流经两间距为１．１ｍｍ的平行电极板的流动行为，实验所观测到的由于电流变液在电场作用下非均匀固化所引起的固相颗粒淤积与饱和过程、河道分岔和失稳等现象，对现有的有关电流变阀均匀流动模型提出了质疑，这为进一步深入理解电流变液的力学行为，建立新的理论模型提供了实验依据     

An experimental study of electrorheological fluid flow through a packed bed of glass beads

This paper shows that pressure drop-flow rate performance of an electrorheological (ER) fluid flowing through a packed bed of glass beads is consistent with a modified Ergun equation for yield stress flow through a packed bed. ER fluids are of scientific and engineering interest due to the sensitivity of their rheological properties on the applied electric field. As far as we know ER fluids have not been studied for flows through porous media. In this work a silica particle–silicone oil suspension is pumped through a rectangular packed bed of glass beads with applied electric fields. The silica particles are observed to form fibrous structures parallel to the electric field that stretch between the beads and extend between the electrodes. The pressure drop-flow rate performance agrees well with the expected performance calculated from a modified Ergun equation for a yield stress fluid flow through the packed bed with the viscosity and yield stress as functions of the applied electric field.     

振荡剪切力作用下的电流变流体黏弹性研究

利用HAAKE RS600流变仪对电流变体进行了强制振荡实验研究,得到了流体在不同 剪切应力幅和振荡频率下,电流变体储能模量、损耗模量、损耗因子随剪切应力和 剪切频率的变化规律.     

基于格子Boltzmann方法的电流变液动力学建模及数值模拟

电流变悬浮液内部结构对外电场的快速响应发生在指定的控制空间中,在这一特指的时间和空间尺度上电流变悬浮液的物理行为特征主要为剪切速率低和流动阻尼大,即Mach和Reynolds数一般不大,可以视为微尺度流动来加以研究。针对这一流动特征,基于介观动理论的格子Boltzmann方法,建立了电流变悬浮液两相流动的离散颗粒运动模型,通过该模型进行了动力学模拟,结果表明,该模型解决了分子动力学模型难以描述的因颗粒运动造成局部流场流变特性改变的难题,以及该流场双向耦合过程中对颗粒运动的影响。     

Electrorheology of dilute suspensions induced by hydrodynamic instability

The viscosity behavior in electric fields was measured for dilute suspensions of p-[perfluoro(2-isopropyl-1,3-dimethyl-1-butenyl)oxy]benzoic acid particles (PFNA) in silicone oils. The application of electric fields causes a viscosity increase in a wide range of shear rates. Since the electrorheological (ER) effect is much stronger at low shear rates, the flow becomes shear-thinning. However, contrary to conventional ER suspensions which are reversibly converted between Newtonian fluids and Bingham solids, the PFNA suspensions are fluids even in electric fields. When the particle concentration is increased to 5 wt.%, the ER effect reaches saturation. Further increase does not contribute to additional viscosity enhancement. These results cannot be explained through the chain formation mechanism established for conventional systems. After the ER experiments, the bob surface of the rheometer is covered with several stripes of aggregated particles. Although the strength of electric and shear fields is constant in the rheometer, the periodic structure may be formed in the flow of electrified suspensions. When a dielectric liquid is subjected to high electric fields, the secondary motion of liquid can be induced by the Coulomb force acting on free charge. The electrohydrodynamic (EHD) convection is responsible for the periodic distribution of particles concentration. The ER effect of PFNA suspensions may be generated by a combined effect of EHD convection and external shear.