核电荷半径的同位旋相关性及其微观诠释

原子核电荷半径R_c所有的实验数据都表明, R_c系统偏离A^1/3律, 即随A增大R_c/A^1/3系统地递减, 而R_c/Z^1/3则比较接近于一个常量. 原子核巨单极共振能量E_x ∝ R^－1的大量实验数据也支持这一结论. 根本原因在于A^1/3律与同位旋无关, 而Z^1/3律已部分反映了同位旋的影响. 基于壳模型, 给出了Z^1/3律的微观诠释. 壳模型中质子和中子谐振子势强度参数ω_p和ω_n的差异, 可以用Z^1/3律说明. 基于与Wigner的原子核同位旋多重态质量公式(IMME)相似的理论考虑, 提出了核电荷半径改进的Z^1/3律.     

原子核电荷半径的Z1/3律

本文仔细调查了近几年来从μ介原子X射线及电子散射实验所确定的原子核电荷分布半径。根据70多个原子核的电荷半径的实验数据分析,核电荷半径系统地偏离国际文献上所习用的A^1/3律,而相当好地遵守Z^1/3律,即R_p=r_opZ^1/3 其中r_op≈1.64fm。本文还讨论了同位素和同中子异荷素的核电荷半径的变化规律。此外,按照Z^1/3律,原子核库仑能差△的变化近似地     

中能重离子碰撞中的碰撞参数研究

在入射能量E为40和100MeV/u时,对¹¹²Sn+¹¹²Sn和¹²⁴Sn+¹²⁴Sn两个反应系统在不同碰撞参数下进行了同位旋相关的量子分子动力学模型计算,系统研究了阻塞率、线性动量转移、荷电粒子多重性、轻荷电粒子多重性、中子多重性以及束缚核总电荷Z_bound随碰撞参数的变化规律,结果表明,中子多重性对碰撞参数的依赖在两个能量下都存在着明显的同位旋效应,Z_bound在E为40MeV/u时存在着同位旋效应.同时讨论了在较低和较高能量时如何更合理地确定反应事件的碰撞参数.     

Skyrme–Hartree–Fock方法对Ca同位素基态性质的研究(Ⅰ)结合能、壳结构、半径与密度分布

用Skyrme Hartree Fock模型系统地研究了⁴⁰Ca到⁷⁰Ca到Ca同位素偶偶核的基态性质及其同位旋依赖性.讨论了结合能、均方根半径、密度分布随同位旋的变化,研究了壳效应对结合能、双中子分离能S2n及和表面弥散厚度的影响.结果表明壳效应在S2n、表面弥散厚度中表现得非常明显.质子均方根半径R_rms随相对中子数I=(N-Z)/A的变化满足R_rms=3/5(1+αI+βI²)r_pZ^1/3.离心位垒对核表面以外的密度分布有很大影响.     

单极巨共振的相对论平均场计算

利用最近完成的相对论平均场理论的计算程序,研究了原子核单极巨共振.计算了¹⁶O,⁴⁰Ca和²⁰⁸Pb的同位旋标量和同位旋矢量单极巨共振.得到的结果与实验符合较好.     

朗之万方程模拟核裂变碎片的同位旋标度

使用结合朗之万方程和统计分支的组合模型模拟¹¹²Sn+¹¹²Sn和¹¹⁶Sn+¹¹⁶Sn两个同位旋相关的反应系统, 通过高斯分布采样的方式得到了核裂变的碎片分布, 将两系统碎片的同位素和同中子异位素的分布相比, 发现存在同位旋标度律现象. 同时提取了同位旋标度系数, 发现同位旋标度系数是和碎片分布宽度相关的, 并且同能量、单位质量的粘滞系数也有很强的依赖关系.     

关于原子核电荷半径的研究

结合原子核电荷半径实验数据, 对885个中子数N≥8和质子数Z≥8的核电荷半径做了系统的研究. 对于单参数核电荷半径公式, Z^1/3律公式计算的结果优于A^1/3律的结果, 而对于两参数和三参数公式, Z^1/3律和A^1/3律的结果基本相当. 考虑到壳效应及奇偶摆动现象, 在原有的三参数公式基础上提出了加入Casten因子项和δ项的核电荷半径新公式. 利用该公式计算得到的核电荷半径理论值和实验值符合得非常好, 均方根偏差仅为σ=0.0266 fm, 此值比常用的三参数公式的结果下降了近50%, 理论计算值能更好地反映出壳效应及核电荷半径奇偶摆动的变化趋势.     

原子核电荷分布半径及结合能

从分析各方面实验结果(高能电子被核散射,μ—介原子的X谱)表明原子核电荷分布半径R_p很接近于和z^1/3成正比(R_p=r_opz^1/3。按照这看法修改了原子核结合能半经验公式(Bethe-Weizs?cker公式),把原来公式中库仑能项3/5 (z²e²)/r_pA^1/3)=a₃z²/A^1/3换成3/5 (z²e²)/r_opz^1/3) =a′₃z^5/3,结果改进了公式与实验符合的程度,并且按照新公式可以很正确地计算各元素中对β衰变最稳定的同位素的质量数。     

核电荷半径的壳(形变)效应

实验证据分析表明: 大变形区的核电荷方均根半径常数r_p无例外地比相邻球形核大一些. 这可以用形变效应来说明. 中子数在下列壳层中1p_3/2(N~3—6), 1d_5/2(N~9—14), 1f_7/2(N~20—28), 1g_9/2(N~40—50), 1h_11/2(N~70—82)的各同位素的电荷半径的变化(随A的增大半径反而变小等)与A^1/3律完全抵触. 在Z^1/3律基础上, 考虑形变效应后可给予较好的说明.     

相对论Thomas-Fermi近似下的核半径公式

使用QHD-I的相对论核场论模型,在Thomas-Fermi近似下讨论核力作用半径公式 R=R₀A^1/3,发现理论计算R₀的结果与高能α粒子与原子核散射的实验结果很好地符合.     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.     

A stereo matching algorithm using multi-peak candidate matches and geometric constraints

Gray cross correlation matching technique is adopted to extract candidate matches with gray cross correla- tion coefficients less than some certain range of maximal correlation coefficient called multi-peak candidate matches. Multi-peak candidates are extracted corresponding to three closest feature points at first. The corresponding multi-peak candidate matches are used to construct the model polygon. Correspondence is determined based on the local geometric relations between the three feature points and the multi-peak candidates. The disparity test and the global consistency checkout are applied to eliminate the remaining ambiguous matches that are not removed by the local geometric relational test. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is feasible and accurate.