Relationship between whether the planned discharge destination is decided and locomotive syndrome for admitted patients in psychiatric long-term care wards

Objective: We focused on locomotive syndrome as a low physical function factor that may prevent patients with psychiatric disease from being discharged. The purpose of this study is to clarify the factors, including locomotive syndrome, that prevent discharge from psychiatric long-term care wards. Method: We enrolled 74 patients who were admitted to psychiatric long-term care wards at three different hospitals in Japan. Nurses or medical social workers in the ward were asked whether the planned discharge destination had been decided, and patients were categorized into a decided group and an undecided group. Outcome measures were age, sex, F code in the ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioral Disorders, length of stay, chlorpromazine equivalent dose of antipsychotics, locomotive syndrome test scores (25-question GLFS, two-step test, stand-up test), and Barthel Index. Results: Based on the multivariate logistic regression analysis results, the length of stay and the two-step test score significantly explained the difference between the two groups. The odds ratio of a length of stay greater than 10 years was 8.42 times that of a length of stay less than 2 years (P=0.012, 95% CI=1.59, 44.53). Regarding the twostep test, the odds ratio for obtaining stage 2 was 10.62 times that for obtaining stage 0 (P=0.013, 95% CI=1.65, 68.23). Conclusion: Those who with longer length of stays and lower two-step test scores tended not to be decided the planned discharge destination.     

TM01-TE11双弯形圆波导模式转换器轴线长度与拍波波长关系研究

 对于TM₀₁-TE₁₁双弯形圆波导模式转换器，在保持出射端口与入射端口轴线平行且两曲率半径相等时，通过对其轴线长度与TE₁₁和TM₀₁模式间拍波波长的分析，证明了在两模式间实现有效转换时，两者成正比例关系，且比例常数为2/2，并给出了相应的物理解释。通过对具体参数及模拟结果的分析，得出了模拟功率转换效率超过98%时所适用的频率下限，其值为TM₀₁模式截止频率的1.07倍。     

H_n~ 团簇形成的氏理论与结构计算

对于Ｈ＋ｎ的形成，艹勾清泉教授指出，可先以Ｈ＋离子为中心，瞬时地分别与周围（ｎ－１）个Ｈ原子相互作用，形成中心氢核同周围氢核间的（ｎ－１）个瞬时单电子键，这些单电子键围绕中心转动共振，从而使Ｈ＋吸引周围（ｎ－１）个Ｈ原子形成Ｈ＋ｎ团簇。对采用此模型计算的Ｈ＋ｎ（ｎ＝５，７，９，１３）的正多面体中心结构结果，作了规律性的总结，获得了对Ｈ＋ｎ团簇结构的进一步认识     

On the Reality of Minkowski Space

Should physicists deal with the question of the reality of Minkowski space (or any relativistic spacetime)? It is argued that they should since this is a question about the dimensionality of the world at the macroscopic level and it is physics that should answer it.     

托卡马克中ICRH天线的优化设计

采用等离子体平板模型和三维天线模型数值模拟了托卡马克中ICRH天线与等离子体的耦合过程, 模拟结果表明在其它实验条件相同的条件下,与反对称电流和馈线端长度短的天线相比,对称电流分布和馈线端长度长的发射天线可获得更有效的功率耦合。     

转捩区长度对回转体流噪声的影响

本文通过分析回转体边界层转捩区声辐射的机理,就转捩区长度对回转体转捩区辐射声压谱的影响进行了讨论。结果表明,来流速度和回转体直径是影响回转体转捩区长度、也是影响回轨体转捩区辐射声压谱的主要因素,在来流攻回轨体直径相同时,则回转体形对转捩区长度的影响超主导作用,采用本文的方法所得的理论值与实验值之间的一致性较好。     

Analysis and optimisation of the tuning of the twelfths for a clarinet resonator

Even if the tuning between the first and second register of a clarinet has been optimized by instrument makers, the lowest twelfths remain slightly too large (inharmonicity). In this article, we study the problem from two different points of view. First, we systematically review various physical reasons why this inharmonicity may take place, and the effect of different bore perturbations inserted in cylindrical instruments such as bore flare, open and closed holes, taper, temperature gradients, visco-thermal effects, etc. Applications to a real clarinet resonator and comparisons with impedance measurements are then presented. A commonly accepted idea is that the register hole is the dominant cause for this inharmonicity: it is natural to expect that opening this hole will shift the position of the resonances of the instrument to higher frequencies, except of course for the note for which the hole is exactly at the pressure node. We show that the real situation is actually more complicated because other effects, such as open holes or bore taper and bell, introduce resonance shifts that are comparable but with opposite sign, so that a relatively good overall compensation takes place. This is checked by experimental and theoretical studies of the acoustical impedance curves of a clarinet. The origin of the observed inharmonicity in playing frequencies is therefore different, maybe related to the reed or the vocal tract. In a second part, we use an elementary model of the clarinet in order to isolate the effect of the register hole: a perfect cylindrical tube without closed holes. Optimization techniques are then used to calculate an optimum location for the register hole (without taking into account the use of the register hole as a B flat tone hole); the result turns out to be close to the location chosen by clarinet makers. Finally, attempts are made numerically to improve the situation by introducing small perturbations in the higher part of the cylindrical resonator, but no satisfactory improvement is obtained.     

关于"太阳在银河系中所受引力与到银心距离r的关系"的讨论

讨论了银道面内的引力场强分布和太阳在银河系中所受引力与到银心距离r的关系，指出引力场强g并不是与r的平方成反比，这是由于银河系的大小和形状不能忽略造成的．强调了万有引力定律的适用条件．     

THz-TDS测试中时域脉冲的本质段及其截取模型

利用太赫兹时域谱仪THz-TDS测试样品并计算太赫兹吸收谱的形态和幅度,是太赫兹定性、定量分析的主要途径。在实验中我们发现,谱的形态和幅度不仅与样品吸收特性有关, 而且与计算中所选取的太赫兹时域脉冲的长度密切相关。太赫兹波在片状样品前后表面的多次反射波是造成这个问题的主要原因。太赫兹时域脉冲分为直接载有样品信息的本质段、低信噪比的噪声段和信息重叠的回波段。通过分析太赫兹脉冲的产生机理及脉冲幅度与衰减过程的关系,给出一个半理论半经验的本质段长度截取模型,由此确定进一步计算太赫兹吸收谱的最佳长度。谷氨酰胺(Gln)、组氨酸(His)和胱氨酸(Cys)三种氨基酸样品的实验表明, 该文截点位置截取方法的计算结果是稳定有效的。     

On heat and moisture exchanges between the sea surface and the atmosphere during the Medalpex

Summary Data collected by a buoy, moored in the Ligurian Sea about 27 nautical miles off the coast during the period 1 March-31 May, 1982, are analysed. The buoy was equipped by the Institute for Naval Automation (IAN) of the Italian National Research Council (CNR) during the Mediterranean Alpine Experiment (Medalpex), joint program of the Alpine Experiment (Alpex). Exchanges of heat and mass across the air-sea interface are computed from the collected data and comparisons with existing values are made. The resulting agreement confirms the strong interaction between the sea and the atmosphere in some peculiar situations, and lends weight to the oceanographic hypothesis for the statistical occurrence of deepening of orographic cyclones in the Liguro-Provencal basin. Paper presented at the IV Congresso del Gruppo Nazionale per la Fisica dell'Atmosfera e dell'Oceano, June 22–24, 1987, Rome.     

Evaporation and heat exchanges between the sea and the atmosphere in the Gulf of Trieste during 1988

Summary Daily mean values of meteo-oceanographic parameters are used to compute evaporation and heat fluxes between the sea and the atmosphere in the Gulf of Trieste during 1988. Incoming solar radiation, long-wave radiation, latent and sensible heat fluxes are considered in the total heat budget. The contribution of the single parameters entering each formula is examined and a comparison between the results from different evaporative formulae is performed. The total heat budget for the year considered gives a net loss of energy of 21 W/m² which must be supplied by the heat transported by marine currents. The balance is positive for the sea surface from April to July, negative for the remaining period. Long-wave radiation accounts for the 45% of the total heat loss, latent heat for 53% and sensible heat for 2%. Computed annual mean evaporation is 1058 mm, with high peaks of more than 15 mm/day during strong Bora wind events. Evaporation slightly prevails on precipitation giving a net water loss of 30 cm. A comparison with what is found in the literature shows these results representative of the entire North Adriatic Sea. They confirm that this basin represents a sink of heat whose role in the general Mediterranean circulation consists in trasforming surface warmer waters coming from South in denser ones.     

Sea level oscillations in the gulf of Trieste, the role of the atmospheric-pressure forcing and the tidal effect in the pressure and wind behaviour

Summary This paper is divided into three parts. The first one takes some cases of sea level perturbation (the tides being removed) at Trieste into account. The spectral analysis shows the occurring of the principal seiches of the Adriatic Sea together with oscillations believed as forced oscillations. In the second part the pressure oscillations have been examined and the same periods forcing the sea level have been found. Such oscillations appear very evident and stable, mostly in the summer months. In the third part of the work the tidal effect on the wind, derived from the atmospheric pressure, is tested. In the summer situations prevailing breezes are present and the spectral analysis of the records points out clearly the occurrence of some ?wind tides? both in the diurnal and semi-diurnal range.

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Riassunto Questo lavoro si articola in tre parti. Nella prima parte sono mostrati alcuni casi in cui il livello del mare a Trieste è perturbato da forti oscillazioni extramareali. I grafici della marea meteorologica registrati negli intervalli temporalit(1)…t(14) possono tipicizzare queste situazioni, essi riportano l'evoluzione del livello dopo che le maree sono state eliminate con calcoli di filtraggio dei dati osservati. Da queste serie temporali sono stati eseguiti gli spettri di ampiezza col metodo dei minimi quadrati. In questi si vedono due picchi, sempre presenti sui periodi di circa 11 e 21 ore che sono, mediamente e arrotondando, i periodi delle sesse principali (longitudinali) dell'Adriatico. Quando il livello è perturbato queste ultime sono sempre presenti, pur con ampiezza diversa, assieme ad altre di origine locale. Si rilevano anche onde forzate da oscillazioni barometriche. La seconda parte del lavoro esamina alcune onde barometriche forzanti. Si trova che le piú stabili onde barometriche presenti nell'evoluzione della pressione atmosferica a Trieste sono le cosiddette maree atmosferiche. Alcune considerazioni sono presentate su questo fenomeno. Data la persistenza delle maree atmosferiche nella pressione, un sincrono effetto viene cercato nel vento. Nella terza parte del lavoro si esamina questo effetto trovando che effettivamente, in regime di brezza, periodicità ?mareali? si trovano anche nell'evoluzione del vento. In altri regimi ?le maree del vento? sono completamente mascherate da altri effetti, come le maree marine quando si sovrappongono forti perturbazioni di carattere extramareale.

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Резюме Эта статья делится на три части. В первой части рассматриваются некоторые случаи колебания уровня моря (влияние прилива исключается) в заливе Триеста. Спектральный анализ показывает существование главных сейшей Адриатического моря вместе с другими осцилляциями, которые рассматриваются как вынужденные колебания. Во второй части исследуются осцилляции давления и обнаружены колебания уровня моря с такими же периодами. Такие осцилляции являются заметными и устойчивыми, особенно в летние месяцы. В третьей части работы исследуется влияние приливов на ветер, порожденный атмосферным давлением. В летний период превалируют бризы и спектральный анализ показывает в явном виде существование некоторых ?ветровых приливов? в суточных и полусуточных диапазонах измерений.

     

物理力学公式、定律在"和平号"空间站坠毁过程中的运用

利用物理力学定律对“和平号”空间站坠毁过程作了比较详细的计算和描述，旨在使读者在航天器有关知识有更多了解。     

Fronts and internal currents at the northern mouth of the Strait of Messina

Summary We compare recent observations of internal waves and currents generated by tidal mixing inside the strait of Messina, with classical measurements made in 1922–1923 by Francesco Vercelli. A peculiar front South of Capo Vaticano in southern Tyrrhenian Sea is described. Its relation with the turbulence due to the breaking of internal nonlinear waves generated by the inside the Strait of Messina is discussed. We recall that this last phenomenon is novel as far as the Mediterranean Sea is concerned.

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Riassunto In questo lavoro si confrontano recenti osservazioni di onde interne e correnti generate dalla marea nello Stretto di Messina con le misure fatte de Francesco Vercelli negli anni 1922–1923. In particolare si analizza l'ipotesi che la formazione e la scomparsa del fronte presente a sud di Capo Vaticano (Tirreno Meridionale) sia dovuta alla turbolenza generata dalla rottura di onde interne non lineari proveiennti dallo Stretto di Messina con periodicità semidiurna. Si sottolinea la novità dell'osservazione di tale fenomeno per quanto riguarda il Mar Mediterraneo.

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Резюме Мы сравниваем недавние наблюдения внутренних волн и течений, образованных приливным перемешиванием внутри Мессинского пролива, с классическими изменениями, проведенными в 1922–1923 г.г. Франческо Верчелли. Описывается специфический фронт на юге мыса Ватикана в южной части Тирренского моря. Обсуждается связь фронта с турбулентностью, обусловленной разрывом внутренних ыелинейных волх, образованных приливом внутри Мессинского пролива. Мы отмечаем, что это явление является новым для Средиземного моря.

     

Laboratory simulation of the itneraction between a tethered satellite system and the ionosphere

Summary The authors report on the measurements performed in the IFSI/CNR plasma chamber at Frascati related to the laboratory investigation of the interaction between a plasma source and an ambient plasma of ionospheric type. Such an interaction is of relevant interest for the possibility of using electrodynamic tethered satellite systems, orbiting at ionospheric altitude, for generating electric power or propulsion in space. The interaction region was analysed at various conditions of ambient magnetic field ((0÷0.5) G) and at different polarization levels of the plasma source ((0÷40) V). The plasma measurements were carried out with a diagnostic system using an array of Langmuir probes movable in the chamber so that a map of the plasma parameters could be obtained at the different experimental conditions. Paper presented at the V Cosmic Physics National Conference, S. Miniato, November 27–30, 1990.     

Colorimetric DNA detection of transgenic plants using gold nanoparticles functionalized with L-shaped DNA probes

In this study, a DNA colorimetric detection system based on gold nanoparticles functionalized with L-shaped DNA probes was prepared and evaluated. We investigated the hybridization efficiency of the L-shaped probes and studied the effect of nanoparticle size and the L-shaped DNA probe length on the performance of the as-prepared system. Probes were attached to the surface of gold nanoparticles using an adenine sequence. An optimal sequence of 35S rRNA gene promoter from the cauliflower mosaic virus, which is frequently used in the development of transgenic plants, and the two complementary ends of this gene were employed as model target strands and probe molecules, respectively. The spectrophotometric properties of the as-prepared systems indicated that the large NPs show better changes in the absorption spectrum and consequently present a better performance. The results of this study revealed that the probe/Au-NPs prepared using a vertical spacer containing 5 thymine oligonucleotides exhibited a stronger spectrophotometric response in comparison to that of larger probes. These results in general indicate the suitable performance of the L-shaped DNA probe-functionalized Au-NPs, and in particular emphasize the important role of the gold nanoparticle size and length of the DNA probes in enhancing the performance of such a system.     

第一讲微波背景辐射的各向异性、偏振及宇宙电离的历史

文章对微波背景辐射的各向异性、偏振及宇宙电离的历史给出了评述性介绍．从大爆炸理论的预言，到观测的发现，到其各向异性及偏振的探测，微波背景辐射(CMB)向人们揭示了丰富的宇宙学信息．文章在对基本理论作了简单介绍后，着重讲述了最新的CMB的观测结果及其物理意义．特别对微波背景各向异性探测器(Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe，WMAP)的偏振观测及其对宇宙重新电离的限制给出了较详细的叙述．     

联合变换相关中输出相关点形状与输入相关物长宽比的关系

根据联合变换相关理论和光的衍射理论,定量分析了联合变换相关中两相关输入物长宽比与输出相关点形状间的关系.结果表明:输入相关物长宽比影响相关点的形状,当相关物长宽比过大时,将使相关点形状严重偏离圆斑形状,从而影响相关点的探测和精确定位.