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1.
The effect of Fe doping on the ferromagnetic Nd0.7Pb0.3Mn1−xFexO3 (x=0, 0.025, 0.05, 0.075, 0.1) phases has been studied in order to analyze the double-exchange interaction. The structural and magnetic study has been carried out by neutron powder diffraction and susceptibility measurements between 1.7 and 300 K. The substitution of Fe at the Mn site results in reductions in both the Curie temperature Tc and the magnetic moment per Mn ion without appreciable differences in the crystal structures. All the compounds crystallize in Pnma space group. The thermal evolution of the lattice parameters of the Nd0.7Pb0.3Mn1−xFexO3 (x=0.025, 0.05, 0.075) compounds shows discontinuities in volume and lattice parameters close to the magnetic transition temperature. Increasing amounts of Fe3+ reduces the double exchange interactions and no magnetic contribution for x=0.1 is observed. The magnetic structures of Nd0.7Pb0.3Mn1−xFexO3 (x=0, 0.025, 0.05, 0.075) compounds show that the Nd and Mn ions are ferromagnetically ordered.  相似文献   

2.
The 6H BaRu1−xMnxO3 with the hexagonal BaTiO3 structure was synthesized using high-pressure sintering method. It is found that the lattice parameter deviates from Vegard's law at x=0.3 for the solid solutions due to the charge transfer effects at B-site. The substitution of Mn for Ru cations gives rise to the short-range magnetic ordering, due to the disordered arrangement of Ru and Mn cations. The compounds are weak ferromagnetic in the x range 0.05-0.40, with the maximal Curie temperature Tc 175.2 K at x=0.10. They are of spin-glass-like magnetism at lower temperature at x?0.1. With Mn doping, the 6H BaRuO3 transforms to a semiconductor from the primal metal at x=0.30. The resistance as a function of temperature below about 70 K follows the two-dimensional variable-range hopping conduction mechanism in BaRu0.50Mn0.50O3.  相似文献   

3.
Oxides of the type YbMn1−xFexO3; x≤0.3 showing multiferroic behavior have been synthesized by the solid state route. These oxides crystallize in the hexagonal structure known for the parent YbMnO3 with the c/a ratio increasing with Fe substitution. The distortion of the MnO5 polyhedra (tbp) decreases and the Mn-O-Mn bonds in the a-b plane become shorter with Fe-substitution. Magnetic ordering is observed from the low temperature neutron diffraction study. The compounds were found to be antiferromagnetic and the ordering temperature TN increased from 82 K for pure YbMnO3 to 95 K for YbMn0.7Fe0.3O3. Variable temperature dielectric measurements (15-110 K) show an anomaly in the dielectric constant at temperatures close to the antiferromagnetic ordering temperature for all the compositions, showing a unique correlation between the magnetic and electric field. The increase in the ordering temperature in YbMn1−xFexO3 is explained on the basis of increase in covalence of Mn/Fe-O-Mn/Fe bonds (shorter) with iron substitution.  相似文献   

4.
Five series of perovskite-type compounds in the system La1−xCaxCr1−yTiyO3 with the nominal compositions y=0, x=0-0.5; y=0.2, x=0.2-0.8; y=0.5, x=0.5-1.0; y=0.8, x=0.6-1.0 and y=1, x=0.8-1 were synthesized by a ceramic technique in air (final heating 1350 °C). On the basis of the X-ray analysis of the samples with (Ca/Ti)?1, the phase diagram of the CaTiO3-LaCrIIIO3-CaCrIVO3 quasi-ternary system was constructed. Extended solid solution with a wide homogeneity range is formed in the quasi-ternary system CaCrIVO3-CaTiO3-LaCrIIIO3. The solid solution La(1−x′−y)Ca(x′+y)CrIVxCrIII(1−x′−y)TiyO3 exists by up to 0.6-0.7 mol fractions of CaCrIVO3 (x<0.6-0.7) at the experimental conditions. The crystal structure of the compounds is orthorhombic in the space group Pbnm at room temperature. The lattice parameters and the average interatomic distances of the samples within the solid solution ranges decrease uniformly with increasing Ca content. Outside the quasi-ternary system, the nominal compositions La0.1Ca0.9TiO3, La0.2Ca0.8TiO3, La0.4Ca0.6Cr0.2Ti0.8O3 and La0.3Ca0.7Cr0.2Ti0.8O3 in the system La1−xCaxCr1−yTiyO3 were found as single phases with an orthorhombic structure. In the temperature range between 850 and 1000 °C, the synthesized single-phase compositions are stable at pO2=6×10−16-0.21×105 Pa. Oxygen stoichiometry and electrical conductivity of the separate compounds were investigated as functions of temperature and oxygen partial pressure. The chemical stability of these oxides with respect to oxygen release during thermal dissociation decreases with increasing Ca-content. At 900 °C and oxygen partial pressure 1×10−15-0.21×105 Pa, the compounds with x>y (acceptor doped) are p-type semiconductors and those with x<y (donor doped) and x=y are n-type semiconductors. The type and level of electrical conductivity are functions of the concentration ratios of cations occupying the B-sites of the perovskite structures: [Cr3+]/[Cr4+] and [Ti4+]/[Ti3+]. The maximum electrical conductivity at 900 °C and pO2=10−15 Pa was found for the composition La0.1Ca0.9TiO3 (near 50 S/cm) and in air at 900 °C for La0.5Ca0.5CrO3 (close to 100 S/cm).  相似文献   

5.
The two crystallographically non-equivalent Co atoms of the quasi-one-dimensional crystal structure of Ca3Co2O6 form chains with alternating, face-sharing polyhedra of Co2O6 trigonal prisms and Co1O6 octahedra. This compound forms a substitutional solid-solution phase with Sc, in which the Sc atoms enter the Co2 sublattice exclusively. The homogeneity range of Ca3Co2−vScvO6 (more specifically Ca3Co1Co21−vScvO6) extends up to v≈0.55. The crystal structure belongs to space group Rc with lattice parameters (in hexagonal setting): 9.0846(3)?a?9.1300(2) Å and 10.3885(4)?c?10.4677(4) Å. The magnetic moment decreases rapidly with increasing amount of the non-magnetic Sc solute in the lattice.  相似文献   

6.
The effect of replacing Co3+ by Ga3+ and Fe3+ in the perovskite-related tetragonal phase Sr0.75Y0.25CoO2.625 with unit cell parameters: a=2ap, and c=4ap (314 phase) has been investigated. The 314 phase is formed by Sr0.75Y0.25Co1−xMxO2.625+δ, with x?0.375 for M=Ga and x?0.625 for M=Fe. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy and electron diffraction revealed frequent microtwinning in the iron-containing compounds, in contrast to the Ga-substituted 314 phases. Diffraction experiments and electron microscope images indicated that at higher Fe contents, 0.75?x?0.875, a disordered cubic perovskite structure forms. The crystal structures of Sr0.75Y0.25Co0.75Ga0.25O2.625 and Sr0.75Y0.25Co0.5Fe0.5O2.625+δ were refined using neutron powder diffraction data. It was found that the oxygen content of Sr0.75Y0.25Co0.5Fe0.5O2.625+δ is higher than in Fe-free 314 phase, so that δ corresponds to 0.076, whereas δ=0 in Sr0.75Y0.25Co0.75Ga0.25O2.625+δ. Magnetization measurements on the unsubstituted Sr0.7Y0.3CoO2.62 and Ga-substituted Sr0.75Y0.25Co0.75Ga0.25O2.625 compounds indicate the presence of a ferromagnetic-like contribution to the measured magnetization at 320 and 225 K, respectively, while replacing Co by Fe leads to the suppression of this contribution. A neutron diffraction study shows that the Sr0.75Y0.25Co0.5Fe0.5O2.625+δ compound is G-type antiferromagnetic at room temperature, whereas Sr0.75Y0.25Co0.75Ga0.25O2.625 does not exhibit magnetic ordering at room temperature.  相似文献   

7.
Oxypnictides of the type PrOFe1−xCoxAs (x≤0.3) were synthesized for the first time by the sealed tube method. All the compounds were found to be monophasic and crystallize in the tetragonal ZrCuSiAs type structure (space group=P4/nmm) and the lattice parameters (a and c) decrease with increase in cobalt content. Mössbauer measurements of the compounds indicate low spin Fe2+ in tetrahedral coordination. Resistivity and magnetization studies reveal superconducting transitions in compounds with ‘x’=0.05, 0.10 and 0.15, with maximum transition temperature (Tc) at ∼14 K in the compound with ‘x’=0.1. The variation of resistivity with temperature under different magnetic field has been studied to estimate the upper critical field (Hc2) (∼50.2 T for the ‘x’=0.1 composition). The Seebeck and Hall coefficient (RH) suggests electron type charge carriers in these compound and the charge carrier density increases with increase in Co-doping.  相似文献   

8.
Crystal structures and magnetic properties of metal telluromolybdates Co1−xZnxTeMoO6 (x=0.0, 0.1,…,0.9) are reported. All the compounds have an orthorhombic structure with space group P21212 and a charge configuration of M2+Te4+Mo6+O6. In this structure, M ions form a pseudo-two-dimensional lattice in the ab plane. Their magnetic susceptibility measurements have been performed in the temperature range between 1.8 and 300 K. The end member CoTeMoO6 shows a magnetic transition at 24.4 K. The transition temperature for solid solutions rapidly decreases with increasing x and this transition disappears between x=0.4 and 0.5, which is corresponding to the percolation limit for the square-planer lattice. From the magnetization, specific heat, and powder neutron diffraction measurements, it is found that the magnetic transition observed in the CoTeMoO6 is a canted antiferromagnetic ordering of Co2+ ions. The antiferromagnetic component of the ordered magnetic moment (3.12(3)μB at 10 K) is along the b-axis. In addition, there exists a small ferromagnetic component (0.28(3)μB) along the a-axis.  相似文献   

9.
Nickel and iron substituted LaCoO3 with rhombohedrally distorted perovskite structure were obtained in the temperature range of 600-900 °C by thermal decomposition of freeze-dried citrates and by the Pechini method. The crystal structure, morphology and defective structure of LaCo1−xNixO3 and LaCo1−xFexO3 were characterized by X-ray diffraction and neutron powder diffraction, TEM and SEM analyses and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. The reducibility was tested by temperature programmed reduction with hydrogen. The products of the partial and complete reduction were determined by ex-situ XRD experiments. The replacement of Co by Ni and Fe led to lattice expansion of the perovskite structure. For perovskites annealed at 900 °C, there was a random Ni, Fe and Co distribution. The morphology of the perovskites does not depend on the Ni and Fe content, nor does it depend on the type of the precursor used. LaCo1−xNixO3 perovskites (x>0.1) annealed at 900 °C are reduced to Co/Ni transition metal and La2O3 via the formation of oxygen deficient Brownmillerite-type compositions. For LaCo1−xNixO3 annealed at 600 °C, Co/Ni metal, in addition to oxygen-deficient perovskites, was formed as an intermediate product at the initial stage of the reduction. The interaction of LaCo1−xFexO3 with H2 occurs by reduction of Co3+ to Co2+ prior to the Fe3+ ions. The reducibility of Fe-substituted perovskites is less sensitive towards the synthesis procedure in comparison with that of Ni substituted perovskites.  相似文献   

10.
Non-stoichiometric FexWN2 (x∼0.72) was synthesized via leaching of Fe from layer-structured stoichiometric FeWN2 by soaking in sulfuric acid at ca. 50 °C. The synthesized products were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (pXRD), secondary electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) and magnetic measurements. Non-stoichiometric FexWN2 has the same symmetry unit cell as stoichiometric FeWN2 (P63/mmc), but the lattice parameters change: the a-axis expands by 0.16% while the c-axis decreases by 1.5%. Polycrystalline powder of FexWN2 showed similar morphologies as those of FeWN2. The calculated electronic structure of stoichiometric FeWN2 shows a more ionic-bonding character between Fe and N than that between W and N, which presumably allows for the partial Fe leaching from between the W-N prismatic layers. The magnetic susceptibility of FexWN2 smoothly decreases with increasing temperature from 3 to 300 K, unlike the broad maximum seen near 27 K in stoichiometric FeWN2.  相似文献   

11.
The 6H and 6M Ba1−xSrxRuO3 at x?0.6 with the normal and distorted hexagonal BaTiO3 structures were synthesized by using high-pressure and high-temperature method. It is found that the unit cell volume deviates from Vegard's law between 0.3 and 0.4 for the solid solutions due to the increasing distortion degree of crystal structure. With the increasing x, the electrical resistivity at the same temperature is increasing. With the substitution of Sr for Ba ion, the 6H BaRuO3 transforms to a Fermi-liquid metal at x=0.25 from the primal non-Fermi-liquid metal, and then becomes a semiconductor at low temperature when x is larger than 0.4.  相似文献   

12.
Oxides in the system PrCo1−xMgxO3 (x=0.0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20, 0.25) were synthesized by citrate technique and characterized by powder X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope. All compounds have a cubic perovskite structure (space group ). The maximum ratio of doped Mg in the system PrCo1−xMgxO3 is x=0.2. Further doping leads to the segregation of Pr6O11 in PrCo1−xMgxO3. The substitution of Mg for Co improves the performance of PrCoO3 as compared to the electrical conductivity measured by a four-probe electrical conductivity analyzer in the temperature range from 298 to 1073 K. The substitution of Mg for Co on the B site may be compensated by the formations of Co4+ and oxygen vacancies. The electrical conductivity of PrCo1−xMgxO3 oxides increases with increasing x in the range of 0.0-0.2. The increase in conductivity becomes considerable at the temperatures ?673 K especially for x?0.1; it reaches a maximum at x=0.2 and 1073 K. From x>0.2 the conductivity of PrCo1−xMgxO3 starts getting lower. This is probably a result of the segregation of Pr6O11 in PrCo1−xMgxO3 , which blocks oxygen transport, and association of oxygen vacancies. A change in activation energy for all PrCo1−xMgxO3 compounds (x=0-0.25) was observed, with a higher activation energy above 573 K and a lower activation energy below 573 K. The reasons for such a change are probably due to the change of dominant charge carriers from Co4+ to Vö in PrCo1−xMgxO3 oxides and a phase transition mainly starting at 573 K.  相似文献   

13.
A complete series of solid solutions was prepared in the SrZr(PO4)2-BaZr(PO4)2 system and examined by conventional X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD). The crystals of SrxBa1−xZr(PO4)2 with x?0.1 were isomorphous with yavapaiite (KFe(SO4)2, space group C2/m). The solid solution with 0.2?x?0.7 has been composed of a new phase, showing a superstructure along the a-axis (c-axis of the yavapaiite substructure). The crystals with 0.8?x?0.9 were composed of both the new phase and the triclinic phase, the latter being isostructural with SrZr(PO4)2 (x=1). The crystal structure of the new phase has been determined using direct methods, and it has been further refined by the Rietveld method. The crystal of Sr0.7Ba0.3Zr(PO4)2 (x=0.7) is monoclinic (space group P2/c, Z=4 and Dx/Mg m−3=3.73) with a=1.53370(8) nm, b=0.52991(3) nm, c=0.84132(4) nm, β=92.278(1)° and V=0.68321(6) nm3. Final reliability indices are Rwp=7.32%, Rp=5.60% and RB=3.22%. The powder specimen was also examined by high-temperature XRPD and differential thermal analysis (DTA) to reveal the occurrence of two phase transitions during heating; the space group changed from P2/c to C2/m at ∼400 K, followed by the monoclinic-to-hexagonal (or trigonal) transition at 1060 K. The P2/c-to-C2/m transition has been, for the first time, described in the yavapaiite-type compounds.  相似文献   

14.
High-temperature electrical conductivity measurements, structural data from powder X-ray diffraction and 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy were combined to study the interrelationship of oxygen ion transport and p- and n-type transport in Sr2(Fe1−xGax)2O5, where x=0, 0.1 and 0.2. Although gallium substitution generally decreases the total ion-electron transport, the transition of the orthorhombic brownmillerite structure to a cubic phase on heating results in the recurrence of the conductivity to the same high level as in the parent ferrite (x=0). The changes of the partial contributions to the total conductivity as a function of x are shown to reflect a complicated interplay of the disordering processes that develop in the oxygen sublattice on heating in response to replacement of iron with gallium.  相似文献   

15.
The local structure of In2O3 cosubstituted with Zn and Sn (In2−2xSnxZnxO3, x≤0.4 or ZITO) was determined by extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) for x=0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4. The host bixbyite In2O3 structure is maintained up to the enhanced substitution limit (x=0.4). The EXAFS spectra are consistent with random substitution of In by the smaller Zn and Sn cations, a result that is consistent with the “good-to-excellent” conductivities reported for ZITO.  相似文献   

16.
In this communication, we report the oxidation and reduction behavior of fluorite type solid solutions in U-Zr-O. The maximum solubility of ZrO2 in UO2 lattice could be achieved with a mild oxidizing followed by reducing conditions. The role of valency state of U is more dominating in controlling the unit cell parameters than the incorporated interstitial oxygen in the fluorite lattice. The controlled oxidation studies on U-Zr-O solid solutions led to the delineation of a new distorted fluorite lattice at the U:Zr=2:1 composition. The detailed crystal structure analysis of this ordered composition Zr0.33U0.67O2.33 (ZrU2O7) has been carried from the powder XRD data. This phase crystallizes in an orthorhombically distorted fluorite type lattice with unit cell parameters: a=5.1678(2), b=5.4848(2), c=5.5557(2) Å and V=157.47(1) Å3 (Space group: Cmcm, No. 63). The metal ions have distorted cubical polyhedra with anion similar to the fluorite structure. The excess anions are occupied in the interstitial (empty cubes) of the fluorite unit cell. The crystal structure and chemical analyses suggest approximately equal fractions of U4+ and U6+ in this compound. The details of the thermal stability as well as kinetics of formation and oxidation of ZrU2O7 are also studied using thermogravimetry.  相似文献   

17.
The structure of the mixed-valent Ba5Fe5O14 (BaFeO2.8), prepared using a molten KOH-Ba(OH)2 flux, has been determined using single crystal X-ray diffraction. Ba5Fe5O14 forms twinned crystals with the orthorhombic space group Cmcm, a=5.7615(8), b=9.9792(14) and c=24.347(3) Å, Z=4. The structure, which is closely related to the 10H BaFeO2.65 perovskite, is composed of two oxygen-deficient BaO2 layers and eight BaO3 layers with a (hchhc)2 stacking sequence, where h and c denote hexagonal or cubic layers. A displacement of barium and oxygen atoms in the BaO2 layers from hexagonal special positions lowers the symmetry from hexagonal to orthorhombic. This combination of stacking and vacancies creates trimers of face-sharing FeO6 octahedra pillared by dimers of corner-sharing FeO4 tetrahedra. The Fe4+ atoms are located in the center of the trimer and in the tetrahedral sites. The magnetism of Ba5Fe5O14, investigated using SQUID magnetometry, is characteristic of a strongly coupled antiferromagnet.  相似文献   

18.
The germanate compound Cu2Sc2Ge4O13 has been synthesized by solid-state ceramic sintering techniques between 1173 and 1423 K. The structure was solved from single-crystal data by Patterson methods. The title compound is monoclinic, a=12.336(2) Å, b=8.7034(9) Å, c=4.8883(8) Å, β=95.74(2), space group P21/m, Z=4. The compound is isotypic with Cu2Fe2Ge4O13, described very recently. The structure consists of crankshaft-like chains of edge-sharing ScO6 octahedra running parallel to the crystallographic b-axis. These chains are linked laterally by [Cu2O6]8− dimers forming a sheet of metal-oxygen-polyhedra within the a-b plane. These sheets are separated along the c-axis by [Ge4O13]10− units. Cooling to 100 K does not alter the crystallographic symmetry of Cu2Sc2Ge4O13. While the b, c lattice parameter and the unit cell volume show a positive linear thermal expansion (α=6.4(2)×10−6, 5.0(2)×10−6 and 8.3(2)×10−6 K−1 respectively), the a lattice parameter exhibits a negative thermal expansion (α=−3.0(2)×10−6 K−1) for the complete T-range investigated. This negative thermal expansion of a is mainly due to the increase of the Cu-Cu interatomic distance, which is along the a-axis. Average bond lengths remain almost constant between 100 and 298 K, whereas individual ones partly show both significant shortages and lengthening.  相似文献   

19.
Perovskite type LaCoxFe1−xO3 nanoparticles was synthesized by a sol-gel citrate method. The structural, electrical and sensing characteristics of the LaCoxFe1−xO3 system were investigated. The structural characteristics were performed by using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to examine the phase and morphology of the resultant powder. The XRD pattern shows nanocrystalline solid solution of LaCoxFe1−xO3 with perovskite phase. Electrical properties of synthesized nanoparticles are studied by DC conductivity measurement. The sensor shows high response towards ammonia gas in spite of other reducing gases when x = 0.8. The effect of 0.3 wt.% Pd-doped LaCo0.8Fe0.2O3 on the response and a recovery time was also addressed.  相似文献   

20.
Mixed chromium-rhenium oxides, CrxRe1−xO2 with 0.31?x?0.66, have been synthesized for the first time by high-pressure high-temperature synthesis and in evacuated quartz tubes. The crystal structures of the compounds have been determined by single crystal and powder X-ray diffraction. Depending on synthesis conditions (pressure and temperature) these phases crystallize either in a tetragonal structure (P42/mnm) with statistical distribution of metal ions on one site (rutile-type), with cation ordering along c-axis (trirutile-type), or in a monoclinic rutile-like structure (C2/m) with ordering of Cr- and Re-cations and metallic Re-Re bonds. The “a” parameter of the tetragonal unit cell increases with increasing Re content whereas the “c” parameter decreases, indicating a strengthening of the Re-Re bond. The thermal stability of tetragonal CrxRe1−xO2 in Ar-atmosphere depends on the Re-content, decomposition is observed at 1241 K for x=0.34, but already at 966 K for x=0.5. The thermal expansion of CrxRe1−xO2 is anisotropic with a larger expansion coefficient in the “c” direction. Tetragonal CrxRe1−xO2 with 0.31?x<0.54 order antiferromagnetically at low temperatures with TN depending on the Cr-content x.  相似文献   

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