LiCl-Li2B4O7-H2O体系在298.15 K下热力学性质的等压研究

用等压法研究了298.15 K下LiCl-Li2B4O7-H2O体系在不同LiB4O7质量摩尔浓度时的等压平衡浓度,  水活度; 计算了LiCl和Li2B4O7混合盐溶液的渗透系数等热力学性质. 用298.15 K下的实验数据对Pitzer离子相互作用模型进行了参数化研究, 拟合求取了298.15 K下Pitzer离子相互作用参数, 用获得的参数计算了LiCl和Li2B4O7在LiCl-Li2B4O7-H2O体系中的活度系数. Pitzer模型计算的渗透系数值与实验结果一致.     

273 K下Na2CO3-Na2SO4-Na2B4O7-H2O四元体系介稳相平衡的实验研究

采用等温蒸发法研究了四元体系Na2CO3-Na2SO4-Na2B4O7-H2O在273 K时的介稳相平衡及平衡液相的密度. 利用溶解度数据绘制了该四元体系273 K下的相图. 研究结果表明, 该四元体系有异成分复盐2Na2SO4·Na2CO3形成. 相图中有2个共饱点、5条单变量曲线和4个结晶相区. 4个结晶相区分别为盐Na2CO3·10H2O, Na2SO4·10H2O, Na2B4O7·10H2O和2Na2SO4·Na2CO3的结晶区. 复盐2Na2SO4·Na2CO3同时存在于包含Na2CO3-Na2SO4-H2O三元体系的其它四元体系或高元体系中. 在273 K介稳平衡相图中, 碳酸钠以Na2CO3·10H2O形式析出; 硫酸钠以Na2SO4·10H2O的形式析出; 硼酸钠的完整分子式为Na2B4O5(OH)4·8H2O. Na2CO3对Na2B4O7有盐析作用.     

NaOH-NaAl(OH)4-H2O溶液体系渗透系数的测定及离子作用模型

用等压法测定了在303.15 K时总碱质量摩尔浓度mNaOH(T)从0.61 mol/kg到5.72 mol/kg, 苛性比αK从1.98到7.04的NaOH-NaAl(OH)4-H2O溶液体系的等压平衡浓度和渗透系数, 并得到该溶液体系的水活度. 用Pitzer模型对实验结果进行了参数化研究, 拟合求得了离子相互作用参数. 用Pitzer模型计算的渗透系数值与实验结果一致. 用获得的参数计算了NaOH和NaAl(OH)4在NaOH-NaAl(OH)4-H2O溶液体系中的活度系数, 其值随总碱质量摩尔浓度的增加呈增加的趋势.     

四元体系LiNO3-Mg(NO3)2-NH4NO3-H2O相图预测及相关相变储能材料的研究

应用修正的BET热力学模型对Mg(NO3)2-NH4NO3-H2O三元体系和LiNO3-Mg(NO3)2-NH4NO3-H2O四元体系在273～320 K的相图进行预测,并找到一个相变温度较低的四元共晶点Mg(NO3)2.6H2O-LiNO3.3H2O-NH4NO3,其质量百分数组成为:25.5%的硝酸铵,28.4%的硝酸锂,13.8%的硝酸镁和32.3%的水,通过实验对共晶点组成材料的吸放热行为进行测定,发现其熔化温度为286.3 K,且DSC测试其相变热焓为192.7 J.g-1,表明该材料可用作潜在的低温相变储能材料。     

四元交互体系Li+,Na+//CO2-3,B4O72一-H2O 298 K相关系的理论预测及实验研究

采用三元体系的溶解度数据,运用多元线性回归法拟合了Li 2CO3(a),Na 2CO3(b),Li 2B4O7(c)的单盐参数、溶解平衡常数及有关的混合离子作用参数.它们的值分别为:β(o)a=-1.235 5,β(1)a=-2.654 6,Cφa=-0.004 660 7,β(0)b=-3.030 6,β(1)b=-3.023 8,Cφb=-0.290 89,β(0)c=-0.293 04,β(1)c=2.155 6,Cφc=-0.004 256 0,θLi,Na=1.041 8,θB.C=-2.630 5,ψLi,Na,C=-0.063 91,ψLi,Na,B=0.493 56,ψLi,B,C=-0.478 42,ΨNa,B,c=0.306 16,In K(Li2CO 3)=-8.962 9,In K(Na2CO3@10H2O)=3.064 6,ln K(Li2B4O 7@3H2O)=-7.356 6,ln K(Na2B4O7@10H2O)=-7.477 8.以盐的溶解平衡常数为判据,运用Pitzer方程计算了四元体系Li+,Na+//CO2-3,B4O2-7-H2O 298 K时的溶解度,并采用等温溶解平衡法,对该体系298 K时溶解度进行了实验测定,同计算值相比,二者基本吻合.     

四元交互体系Li~ ,Na~ //CO_3~(2-),B_4O_7~(2-)-H_2O 298K相关系的理论预测及实验研究

采用三元体系的溶解度数据 ,运用多元线性回归法拟合了 Li2 CO3(a) ,Na2 CO3(b) ,Li2 B4O7(c)的单盐参数、溶解平衡常数及有关的混合离子作用参数 .它们的值分别为 :β(0 )a =-1 .2 3 5 5 ,β(1)a =-2 .65 46,Ca=-0 .0 0 4660 7,β(0 )b =-3 .0 3 0 6,β(1)b =-3 .0 2 3 8,Cb=-0 .2 90 89,β(0 )c =-0 .2 93 0 4,β(1)c =2 .1 5 5 6,Cc=-0 .0 0 42 5 60 ,θL i,Na=1 .0 41 8,θB,C=-2 .63 0 5 ,ΨL i,Na,C=-0 .0 63 91 ,ΨL i,Na,B=0 .493 5 6,ΨL i,B,C=-0 .47842 ,ΨNa,B,C=0 .3 0 61 6,ln K(Li2 CO3) =-8.962 9,ln K(Na2 CO3· 1 0 H2 O) =3 .0 64 6,ln K(Li2 B4O7·3 H2 O) =-7.3 5 66,ln K(Na2 B4O7· 1 0 H2 O) =-7.4778.以盐的溶解平衡常数为判据 ,运用 Pitzer方程计算了四元体系 Li ,Na //CO2 -3,B4O2 -7-H2 O 2 98K时的溶解度 ,并采用等温溶解平衡法 ,对该体系 2 98K时溶解度进行了实验测定 ,同计算值相比 ,二者基本吻合     

四元体系Na+,K+∥CO32-,B4O72--H2O 298K相平衡研究

采用等温溶解平衡法研究了四元体系Na^ ,D^ //CO3^2-,B4O7^2--H2O 298K时的相关系,该四元体系298K时的溶解度等温图含有5个相区：Na2B4O7.10H2O,K2B4O7.4H2O,Na2CO3.10H2O,K2CO3.3/2H2O和复盐Na2CO3.K2CO3.H2O,7条单变量曲线和3个共饱点,其中NaCO3.K2CO3.H2O K2CO3.3/2H2O K2B4O7.4H2O为相称共饱点,体系中发现了一种新的复盐：Na2CO3.K2CO3.H2O,这种复盐同时存在于含Na^ ,K^ //CO3^2-H2O三元体系的其它四元或高元体系中。     

K2CO3-Na2CO3-Li2CO3-H2O四元体系288K的相平衡

水盐体系;碳酸盐;溶解度;盐湖卤水;K2CO3-Na2CO3-Li2CO3-H2O四元体系288K的相平衡     

Na2B4O7-Na2SO4-NaCl-H2O四元体系288K相平衡研究

采用等温溶解平衡法研究了四元体系Na2B4O7-Na2SO4-NaCl-H2O在288 K的相平衡关系,测定了平衡液相的溶解度及其密度。由研究结果知该四元体系为简单共饱和型,无复盐及固溶体形成。根据实验数据绘制了相应的相图。相图中有一个共饱点,三条单变曲线,三个结晶区平衡固相分别为:Na2B4O7·10H2O,Na2SO4·10H2O和NaCl。实验结果表明NaCl对Na2B4O7和Na2SO4有盐析作用,并简要讨论了实验结果。     

LiNO_3-KNO_3-H_2O三元体系相平衡研究

本文采用等温法分别测定了KNO3-H2O体系的溶解度相图以及LiNO3-KNO3-H2O体系在273.15和298.15K的等温溶解度相图。结果表明在273.15K时LiNO3-KNO3-H2O体系的溶解度等温线有2条分支,对应的固相分别为KNO3和LiNO3·3H2O,共饱点组成为31.55wt%LiNO3和7.07wt%KNO3。该体系在298.15K的等温线有3条分支,对应的固相分别为KNO3,LiNO3和LiNO3·3H2O,2个共饱点组成分别为50.42wt%LiNO3,22.18wt%KNO3,和55.74wt%LiNO3,10.9wt%KNO3。     

The phase diagram of KNO3-KClO3

The binary phase diagram of KNO₃-KClO₃ is studied by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and high-temperature X-ray diffraction. The limited solid solutions, K(NO₃)_1−x(ClO₃)_x (0<x<0.20) and K(NO₃)_1−x(ClO₃)_x (0.90<x<1.0), were formed in the KNO₃-based solid solutions and KClO₃-based solid solutions phase, respectively. For KNO₃-based solid solutions, KNO₃ ferroelectric phase can be stable from 423 to 223 K as a result of substituting of NO₃ by ClO₃-radicals. The temperatures for solidus and liquidus have been determined based on limited solid solutions. Two models, Henrian solution and regular solution theory for KNO₃-based (α) phase and KClO₃-based (β) phase, respectively, are employed to reproduce solidus and liquidus of the phase diagram. The results are in good agreement with the DSC data. The thermodynamic properties for α and β solid solutions have been derived from an optimization procedure using the experimental data. The calculated phase diagram and optimized thermodynamic parameters are thermodynamically self-consistent.     

Thermodynamics study of the Cs2SO4-MgSO4-H2O system at the temperature 298.15 K

The Pitzer ion-interaction model has been used for thermodynamics simulation of the ternary system Cs₂SO₄-MgSO₄-H₂O at 298.15 K. The Pitzer ternary mixing parameter $ \psi _{CsMgSO_4 } $ \psi _{CsMgSO_4 } and thermodynamic characteristics for double salt Cs₂SO₄ · MgSO₄ · 6H₂O have been calculated and the theoretical solubilities isotherm has been plotted.     

Solubility of (UO2)3(PO4)2?4H2O in H+-Na+-OH?-H2PO?4-HPO2?4-PO3?4-H2O and Its Comparison to the Analogous PuO2 +2 System

The objectives of this study were to address uncertainties in the solubility product of (UO₂)₃(PO₄)₂⋅4H₂O(c) and in the phosphate complexes of U(VI), and more importantly to develop needed thermodynamic data for the Pu(VI)-phosphate system in order to ascertain the extent to which U(VI) and Pu(VI) behave in an analogous fashion. Thus studies were conducted on (UO₂)₃(PO₄)₂⋅4H₂O(c) and (PuO₂)₃(PO₄)₂⋅4H₂O(am) solubilities for long-equilibration periods (up to 870 days) in a wide range of pH values (2.5 to 10.5) at fixed phosphate concentrations of 0.001 and 0.01 M, and in a range of phosphate concentrations (0.0001–1.0 M) at fixed pH values of about 3.5. A combination of techniques (XRD, DTA/TG, XAS, and thermodynamic analyses) was used to characterize the reaction products. The U(VI)-phosphate data for the most part agree closely with thermodynamic data presented in Guillaumont et al.,⁽¹⁾ although we cannot verify the existence of several U(VI) hydrolyses and phosphate species and we find the reported value for formation constant of UO₂PO⁻₄ is in error by more than two orders of magnitude. A comprehensive thermodynamic model for (PuO₂)₃(PO₄)₂⋅4H₂O(am) solubility in the H⁺-Na⁺-OH⁻-Cl⁻-H₂PO⁻₄-HPO²⁻₄-PO³⁻₄-H₂O system, previously unavailable, is presented and the data shows that the U(VI)-phosphate system is an excellent analog for the Pu(VI)-phosphate system.     

Solubility prediction of RbCl-Rb2SO4-H2O system at 25°C using Pitzer ion-interaction model

Solubility of RbCl-Rb₂SO₄-H₂O system at 25°C was predicted by using Pitzer ion-interaction model. The mixing parameter was was taken to be zero in the prediction. The calculated results indicated that the RbCl-Rb₂SO₄-H₂O system is a simple eutonic ternary system at 25°C. This study will provide the theoretical basis for the extraction of rubidium from salt lake brines in Qinghai and Tibet Plateau.     

Glass formation in the Al2(SO4)3-AlCl3-H2O system

Glass formation boundaries in the Al₂(SO₄)₃-AlCl₃-H₂O system were determined. The glass-formation abilities and crystallization resistance of samples were studied. A glass formation mechanism was suggested. Comparative analysis of the glass-formation abilities of samples of the Al₂(SO₄)₃-Al(NO₃)₃-H₂O and Al₂(SO₄)₃-AlCl₃-H₂O systems was carried out.     

High-temperature equilibria and critical phenomena in the Na2CO3-NaCl-H2O and Na2CO3-Na2WO4-H2O systems

Phase equilibria in the Na₂CO₃-NaCl-H₂O and Na₂CO₃-Na₂WO₄-H₂O ternary systems formed by type 1 salts (NaCl, Na₂WO₄) and a type 2 salt (Na₂CO₃) were experimentally studied at temperatures from 425 to 500°C and pressures from 30 to 160 MPa with the contents of type 1 salts from 10 to 30 wt %. Transition from supercritical homogeneous fluid equilibria of the Na₂CO₃-H₂O system to heterogeneous equilibria of the title ternary systems was studied in the presence or absence of liquid phase immiscibility in the type 1 subsystems.     

The Ternary System Li2O-Al2O3-B2O3: Compounds and Phase Relations

The ternary system Li₂O-Al₂O₃-B₂O₃ is reinvestigated with solid-state reaction and X-ray powder diffraction technique to clarify some long-standing uncertainties. The phase relations are constructed based on the phase identifications of 51 ternary samples. Six ternary compounds, Li₂AlB₅O₁₀, LiAlB₂O₅, Li₃AlB₂O₆, Li₂AlBO₄, LiAl₇B₄O₁₇ and a compound with a composition close to 0.66Li₂O·0.06Al₂O₃·0.28B₂O₃, are observed or confirmed in this system, and the thermal stability of these ternary compounds is also discussed on the basis of DTA experimental results.     

An isothermal (30 °C) study of heterogeneous equilibria in the sucrose (C12H22O11)-calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2)-water system

Solid-liquid equilibria in the C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁-Ca(OH)₂-H₂O system have been determined at 30 °C. Two phases C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁·3Ca(OH)₂ and C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁·2Ca (OH)₂ have been evidenced, and solubility (liquidus) curves have been determined. It is thus shown that these ternary phases exhibit incongruent solubilities at 30 °C. These solid phases were characterized using Infrared Spectroscopy (IR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-AES).     

Ho(NO3)3(C2H5O2N)4·H2O的低温热容和热力学函数

合成了稀土(钬, Ho)-氨基酸(甘氨酸, C₂H₅O₂N)二元配合物Ho(NO₃)₃(C₂H₅O₂N)₄·H₂O, 并且通过化学分析、元素分析和红外(IR)光谱对配合物进行了表征. 用高精度全自动绝热量热仪, 测定了该配合物在80-390 K温度区间的定压摩尔热容(C_p,m). 利用实验测定的热容数据, 采用最小二乘法, 将热容曲线上热容峰以外的两段平滑区的摩尔热容对折合温度进行拟合, 建立了热容随折合温度变化的多项式方程. 根据热容与焓、熵的热力学关系,计算出了配合物在80-390 K温度区间内,每隔5 K,相对于298.15 K的摩尔热力学函数(H_T,m-H_298.15,m)和(S_T,m-S_298.15,m). 通过热容曲线分析, 计算出了350 K附近转变过程的焓变(Δ_trsH_m)和熵变(Δ_trsS_m). 用差示扫描量热法(DSC)测定了配合物的热稳定性.