O-methylcyclovirobuxine-D — A new alkaloid fromBuxus sempervirens

The amounts and compositions of the essential oils in the leaves and fruit of Meyer's lemon in the various vegetation periods have been studied. It has been established that as the fruit ripens the amount of essential oils and of monoterpene hydrocarbons in its peel and in the leaves increases.Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Georgian SSR. Sukhumi Zonal Experimental Station of Essential-Oil Crops. Sukhumi Experimental Station of Subtropical Crops, All-Union Institute of Plant Growing. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 784–787, November–December, 1985.     

Activity of Schinus areira (Anacardiaceae) essential oils against the grain storage pest Tribolium castaneum

Essential oils extracted from leaves and fruits of Schinus areira (Anacardiaceae) were tested for their repellent, toxic and feeding deterrent properties against Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) larvae and adults. A topical application assay was employed for the contact toxicity study and filter paper impregnation for the fumigant assay. A treated diet was also used to evaluate the repellent activity and a flour disk bioassay for the feeding deterrent action and nutritional index alteration. The essential oil of the leaves contained mainly monoterpenoids, with alpha-phellandrene, 3-carene and camphene predominant, whereas that from the fruits contained mainly alpha-phellandrene, 3-carene and beta-myrcene. The leaf essential oil showed repellent effects, whereas that from the fruit was an attractant. Both oils produced mortality against larvae in topical and fumigant bioassays, but fumigant toxicity was not found against adults. Moreover, both essential oils produced some alterations in nutritional index. These results show that the essential oils from S. areira could be applicable to the management of populations of Tribolium castaneum.     

GC-MS联用分析三个品种杨梅树叶的挥发油组分

采用气相色谱-质谱联用技术对木叶、黑炭、东魁3个品种杨梅树叶中的挥发油进行分析比较.3种杨梅树叶挥发油中共检出14种相同成分,这些共有成分的相对含量分别占木叶梅叶、黑炭梅叶和东魁梅叶挥发油总相对含量的53. 3%、48. 4%、55. 15%.3种杨梅树叶挥发油中均舍有多种萜烯,对杨梅果实具有一定抗菌保鲜作用.东魁杨梅树叶挥发油萜烯含量最高,这可能是东魁杨梅果实保鲜期较长的原因;木叶杨梅叶含的特殊香味成分的含量较高,这可能是木叶梅果实香气最浓郁的原因.     

Comparison of the components of the essential oils from leaves and fruits of Grammosciadium platycarpum

The composition of the hydrodistilled essential oils obtained from dried leaves and fruits of Grammosciadium platycarpum Boiss. & Hausskn. were determined by GC and GC/MS. Twenty-five compounds (87.0%) and sixteen constituents (96.2%) were identified in the leaf and fruit oils, respectively. Linalool (26.1 and 53.9%), (E,E)-α-farnesene (24.1 and 20.4% ) and (Z)-β-santalol (10.6 and 10.9%) were the major components in the leaf and fruit oils. Published in Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 559–560, November–December, 2006.     

Chemical composition of essential oils from the vegetative and reproductive structures of Copaifera langsdorffii Desf.

GC/FID and GC–MS analysis revealed germacrene D, bicyclogermacrene, α-cadinol and cubenol as major compounds from aril. Germacrene D, bicyclogermacrene, trans-caryophyllene and δ-elemene are major compounds in fruits. Germacrene D, spathulenol, trans-caryophyllene and caryophyllene oxide are major compounds in leaves. Furthermore, multivariate analysis revealed distinct groups between the composition of essential oils from aril and fruit, when compared with terpene production found in leaves. Lipid composition found in arils could be protected by the presence of non-oxygenated sesquiterpenes, as germacrene D and bicyclogermacrene. Chemical profiles of essential oils from the fruits, arils and leaves of Copaifera langsdorffii Desf. revealed different compositions, which could be related to environmental pressures. Thereby, non-oxygenated sesquiterpenes can also work against herbivory, pathogens and predator's attack, emphasising the importance of further studies among terpenes, ecology interactions and plant physiology.     

Essential oil of Plectranthus tenuicaulis leaves from Gabon, source of (R),(E)-6,7-epoxyocimene. An unusual chemical composition within the genus Plectranthus

Water distilled essential oils from leaves of Plectranthus tenuicaulis (Hook. f.) J. K. Morton collected in Gabon were analyzed using GC-FID and GC-MS. The main constituent, unusual within the genus Plectranthus, was isolated and formally identified as being the (+)-(R)-enantiomer of (E)-6,7-epoxyocimene [(E)-myroxide]. This enantiomer, which represents about 75% of the essential oil, has been previously identified as a pheromone emitted by the male fruit-spotting bug Amblypelta nitida; this insect is responsible of destruction of most fruit crops in tropical and subtropical areas. The potential application of P. tenuicaulis essential oil in crop protection programs is discussed and the atypical chemical profile of the gabonese essential oil is compared with those previously reported in the genus Plectranthus (or Coleus).     

山苍子雄花和雌花挥发油的提取及成分分析

山苍子的根、叶和果实中均含有精油,山苍子油的主要成分为柠檬醛。采用水蒸汽蒸馏法提取山苍子花挥发油,对雄花和雌花分别提取。并利用GC-MS气质联用仪对两组挥发油进行分析检测,确定其化学成分及相对百分含量。从雄花挥发油中鉴定出43种成分(占挥发油总含量的88.15%),从雌花挥发油中鉴定出30种成分(占挥发油总量的85.53%)。     

Composition of the essential oils from Anthriscus cerefolium var. trichocarpa and A. caucalis growing wild in the urban area of Vienna (Austria)

The composition of the essential oil from the different above ground plant parts of Anthriscus cerefolium and A. caucalis collected in the urban area of Vienna has been studied. The essential oils of A. cerefolium were dominated by estragole (= methylchavicol) and 1-allyl-2,4-dimethoxybenzene, occurring in various proportions. The oils from young flowering plants had more estragole than 1-allyl-2,4-dimethoxybenzene. Fruits from one location reached 95% estragole in the essential oil. In A. caucalis, the main compound of all oils was cis-chrysanthenyl acetate (up to 74%) followed by cis-chrysanthenol (up to 16%). The fruit oils displayed a higher proportion of cis-chrysanthenyl acetate than the leaf or stem oils.     

Comparative analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of the essential oils from bark and leaves of Cedrelopsis grevei Baill, an aromatic and medicinal plant from Madagascar

The essential oils from bark and leaves of Cedrelopsis grevei Baill (Ptaeroxylaceae), an aromatic and medicinal plant from Madagascar, are widely used in folk medicine. These two commercially available oils have been examined separately by means of GC-MS. The oil constituents were identified according to their mass spectra and their relative retention indices determined on both polar and non-polar stationary phase capillary columns. A total of 55 compounds have been identified constituting 76.7% (bark) and 91.6% (leaves) of the volatile constituents. Both oils were found to have a similar composition; however the relative percentages of some compounds notably differed. The bark essential oil contained beta-pinene (17.1%), cis-sesquisabinene hydrate (12.8%) and caryophyllene oxide (7.0%) as the main components whereas the leaf essential oil was largely dominated by trans-beta-farnesene (35.6%); beta-pinene (12.8%), cis-sesquisabinene hydrate (9.8%) and ar-curcumene (8.6%) were also present as major components. As far as we know, this is the first report on the Cedrelopsis grevei bark and leaf essential oils which therapeutic properties may be attractive for aromatherapy.     

Eucalyptus oleosa essential oils: chemical composition and antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the oils from different plant parts (stems, leaves, flowers and fruits)

Essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation from the different parts (stems, adult leaves, immature flowers and fruits) of Eucalyptus oleosa were screened for their antioxidant and antimicrobial properties and their chemical composition. According to GC-FID and GC-MS, the principal compound of the stem, immature flowers and the fruit oils was 1,8-cineole, representing 31.5%, 47.0% and 29.1%, respectively. Spathulenol (16.1%) and γ-eudesmol (15.0%) were the two principal compounds of adult leaves oil. In the DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) assay, the oils of the four parts showed moderate antioxidant activity. In the ABTS (2,2'-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonate) assay, the most active part was the adult leaves, with a IC(50) value 13.0 ± 0.6 mg/L, followed by stems (IC(50) = 43.5 ± 1.4 mg/L). The essential oils showed a better antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and a significant antifungal activity also was observed against yeast-like fungi. A strong correlations between oxygenated monoterpenes and antimicrobial activity (especially 1,8-cineole) were noted (R2 = 0.99, 0.97 and 0.79 for B. subtilis, P. aeruginosa and C. albicans, respectively).     

阔叶箬竹叶和箬竹叶中挥发油的提取及成分分析

采用水蒸气蒸馏法分别提取阔叶箬竹叶和箬竹叶中的挥发油,用乙醚作溶剂进行多次萃取,利用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用分析二者的化学成分并进行比较。从阔叶箬竹叶提取的挥发油中共鉴定出37种化合物,主要成分为叶醇、1-己醇、苯甲醇、己醛、2-乙基呋喃、β-紫罗兰酮等。从箬竹叶提取的挥发油中共鉴定出49种化合物,主要成分为叶醇、苯甲醇、β-紫罗兰酮、2-己烯醛、苯乙醇、2-甲氧基-4-乙烯基苯酚、2-乙基呋喃等。两种箬叶挥发油中相对含量最高的成分都为叶醇,都含有酮、醛、醇、酚、酯类化合物,且酮、醛、醇的含量明显高于其他成分。     

Evaluation of the chemical composition of Brazilian commercial Cymbopogon citratus (D.C.) stapf samples

The concentration and the chemical composition of the essential oils obtained from different samples of Cymbopogon citratus were evaluated. Among the 12 samples investigated (11 dried leaf samples and fresh plant leaves), seven presented essential oil concentrations within the threshold established by the Brazilian legislation. The moisture content was also determined and the majority of the samples presented humidity contents near 12%. The GC and GC/MS analyses of the essential oils led to identification of 22 compounds, with neral and geranial as the two major components. The total percentage of these two compounds varied within the investigated sample oils from 40.7% to 75.4%. In addition, a considerable variation in the chemical composition of the analyzed samples was observed. The process of grinding the leaves significantly decreased (by up to 68%) the essential oil content, as well as the percentage of myrcene in the oils.     

Chemistry and biological activity of essential oils from Piper claussenianum (Piperaceae)

Analyses of essential oils obtained from fresh and dried leaves and inflorescences of Piper clausenianum were performed using GC-FID, GC-MS and NMR techniques. Forty compounds were detected for these four oils with the total of identified constituents ranging from 88.7% for the dried inflorescences to 97.7% for the dried leaves. Sesquiterpenes were the main constituents in the volatile fraction from leaves with a high percentage of (E)-nerolidol (up to 83%). However, monoterpenes were identified in greater amount in the inflorescences, with linalool percentages from 50% up. The essential oils from fresh leaves and inflorescences were submitted to anti-parasitic activity against a strain of Leishmania amazonensis. Both samples showed biological activity, but the essential oil from P. claussenianum fresh leaves, which was rich in (E)-nerolidol, showed effective growth inhibition of L. amazonensis due to the high percentage of this metabolite in the mixture.     

Composition of the essential oils ofLibanotis transcaucasica. V

Summary The compositions of the monoterpene hydrocarbon fractions of the essential oils of the fruit of seven ecological forms ofLibanotis transcaucasica Schisch. have been studied.Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, Vol. 3, No. 4, pp. 235–237, 1967     

Chemical composition and anti-inflammatory activities of the essential oils from Acacia mearnsii de Wild

The volatile oils of the leaves and the stem bark of Acacia mearnsii de Wild obtained by hydro-distillation were analysed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. A total of 20, 38, 29 and 38 components accounted for 93.8%, 92.1%, 78.5% and 90.9% of the total oils of the fresh, dry leaves and fresh, dry stem bark, respectively. The major components of the oil were octadecyl alcohol (25.5%) and phytol (10.5%); cis-verbenol (29.5%); phytol (10.1%) and phytol (23.4%) for the fresh leaves, dried leaves, fresh stem, dry stem bark, respectively. Oral administration of essential oils at a dose of 2% showed significant (p < 0.05) anti-inflammatory properties in the albumin-induced test model in rats. Oils from the fresh leaves and dry stems inhibited inflammation beyond 4 h post treatment. The potent anti-inflammatory activity of essential oils of A. mearnsii hereby confirmed its traditional use in treating various inflammatory diseases.     

Comparison of MAHD with UAE and Hydrodistillation for the Analysis of Volatile Oil From Four Parts of Perilla frutescens Cultivated in Southern China

Three different isolation techniques, specifically microwave-assisted hydrodistillation (MAHD), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), and conventional hydrodistillation (HD) were employed to obtain essential oils from whole plants, leaves, roots, and stems of Perilla frutescens. The essential oils were analyzed using gas chromatography with flame ionization detection and gas chromatography with mass spectrometry. Variations in chemical composition were observed; these were attributed to differences in plant organs. Variations in the percentages of the main constituents of the oils extracted based on plant organ were irregular and affected the quantity and composition of the oils. Oil yields were affected by the method of extraction and extraction organ variation. The maximum volume of oil was extracted from leaves via MAHD and the minimum was extracted from roots via UAE. Oil yields ranged from 0.05% to 0.53%. The contents of essential oil varied significantly with the plant organ. In the essential oils of the plant parts studied were showed a predominance of oxygenated monoterpenes. Variation of extraction methods and organs may influence the oil components either qualitatively or quantitatively.     

Preparation and characterization of fragrance by extracting the essential oils from different raw materials

The extraction is a simple process and it is widely used to extract the fragrances in fragrance industries from essential oils. There are number of compounds (i.e. flowers, oils, leaves etc.) from which we can prepare the fragrance by extracting the essential oils from them. In this work, we have prepared the fragrance from the essential oils by the liquid-liquid extraction process, where the essential oil presented as the concentrated hydrophobic liquid containing volatile aroma compounds. We used the combination of Gas chromatography and Mass spectrometry (GC/MS) characterization techniques to make our product more useful, convenient and compitative with the other fragrance available in the market. This study would be helpful to understand the preparation of the fragrance from the concentrated hydrophobic liquid type essential oils which contains volatile aroma compounds by using a significant liquid-liquid extraction process.     

Components of Essential Oils in Different Parts of Daucus carota L. var. sativa Hoffm

Introduction Carrots,avegetablewithabundantnutrition,are therootsofDaucuscarotaL.var.sativaHoffm[1],whichisanumbelliferaeplant.Carrotsshowanti can cerandanti oxidationactivities.Theycanalsobeused topreventeyediseasesandimproveimmunity[2—11],thefactsareun…     

Chemical composition of the essential oils from the flower, leaf and stem of Lonicera japonica

The essential oils from different aerial parts of Lonicera japonica have been extracted by hydro-distillation and analyzed by gas chromatography and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Quantitative and qualitative differences were found between the analyzed plant parts. A total of eighty-nine compounds were identified. The main constituents were (Z,Z)-farnesole (16.2%) and linalool (11.0%) for the flowers fraction, hexadecanoic acid (16.0%) and linalool (8.7%) for the leaves fraction, and hexadecanoic acid (31.4%) for the stems. Monoterpene hydrocarbons were absent from all the oils, and oxygenated sesquiterpenes were not identified in the essential oil of the stem.     

Distribution and chemical polymorphism of the essential oils of Achillea cartilaginea growing wild in Lithuania

The essential oils from 14 Achillea cartilaginea samples (leaves and flowers) collected from natural habitats in Lithuania were analysed by GC-MS. In total, 97 compounds were identified, 69 of which have not been reported previously in this species. In general, the essential oils of A. cartilaginea were rich in oxygenated monoterpenes. Remarkable chemical polymorphism was observed within the population of A. cartilaginea in Lithuania. It was observed that 1,8-cineole, camphor, cis-chrysanthenol, β-thujone, sabinol, chrysanthenone, terpinen-4-ol, bornyl acetate and β-sesquiphellandrene were the major constituents in the oils of the analysed plants. Hierarchical cluster analysis, which was based on the 19 major components exceeding 5% in the total oil, indicates the presence of several main chemical groups in the analysed plant populations.