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随着食品工业的快速发展以及生活水平的提高,人们对食品的质量安全提出了更高的要求,市场上的食品掺假造假现象也日益受到社会的关注。目前,主要的食品掺假手段包括假冒物种及品种、冒充或虚标原产地、原料品质以次充好、掺入杂劣质及违禁原料等。因此亟须建立切实有效的食品真实属性鉴别方法。近几年来,国内外一些学者开始将代谢组学研究平台应用于解决食品安全问题的研究,对食品中尽可能多的代谢产物从整体角度进行定性定量分析,为食品真实属性鉴别研究提供了一种新的研究工具。该文综述了基于代谢组学的食品物种及品种鉴别、产地溯源、品质分级和掺假掺杂识别等真实属性鉴别研究,为进一步保证食品质量安全、保障消费者利益提供了技术支撑。 相似文献
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原料乳中蛋白质与脂肪的近红外光谱快速定量研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
《分析科学学报》2015,(6)
本文对快速无损检测原料乳中蛋白质与脂肪含量的近红外光谱(NIRS)技术进行了研究。对采集的250组蛋白质及脂肪含量不同的原料乳近红外光谱进行马氏距离(Mahalanobis Distance)剔除异常光谱,结合主成分分析(Principal Component Analysis,PCA),筛选出最佳建模光谱区间,采用反向传播神经网络(Back Propagation Neutral Network,BPNN)建立原料乳中蛋白含量与脂肪含量的定量模型,获得了较好的预测结果,预测模型R2分别为0.9883、0.9878,预测均方根差(RMSEP)分别为1.83%、1.85%。研究结果表明,通过合理选择光谱范围及建模方法,可得到预测精度与稳定性均较高的近红外光谱定量模型,适用于原料乳中蛋白质与脂肪含量的测定。 相似文献
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低场核磁共振结合化学计量学方法快速检测掺假核桃油 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
以掺假核桃油样品为低场核磁共振检测对象,利用主成分分析法(PCA)和偏最小二乘回归法(PLSR)分析处理Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill(CPMG)序列的核磁共振弛豫数据,旨在探求一种能快速检测核桃油品质的新方法。对几种常见掺假形式(掺入大豆油、玉米油、葵花油)的核桃油样品和纯核桃油样品进行检测和评价。实验结果表明:纯核桃油和掺入不同种类食用油的掺假核桃油在主成分得分图上可以得到很好的区分,且掺假样品随掺假比例在图中呈规律性分布;采用PLSR法对CPMG数据和实际掺假率进行回归,可实现对核桃油掺假水平的准确定量测定。方法快速、无损、准确,在食用油制品的品质控制及评价方面具有很大的应用潜力。 相似文献
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芝麻油质量现状及掺假检检方法的探讨 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
介绍了芝麻油的质量现状及掺假检验方法.论述了显色法、紫外分光光度法、色谱法等的原理及其在芝麻油掺假检验中的应用,对比分析了这些检测方法的优缺点,指出应用简便、快速、准确的芝麻油掺假现场检测方法的重要性和必要性. 相似文献
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由于蜂蜜蜜种多,成分复杂,加之蜂蜜掺假方式繁多,采用传统的方式很难对蜂蜜进行快速准确的鉴别。通过对国内多个地区的蜂蜜进行调研,采集来自全国20个省份多个蜜种的蜂蜜,利用中红外光谱仪对样品进行光谱扫描,采用主成分分析和聚类分析的方法,利用化学计量软件进行模型的建立。该识别模型不仅能较准确地判别蜂蜜是否掺假(准确率为95.36%),还能对添加量在10%以上的掺假方式进行预判,判别准确率为97.78%,符合判别模型的建立要求。利用中红外光谱技术对蜂蜜掺假进行鉴别的方法有效、可行。 相似文献
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Feasibility of near-infrared spectroscopy to detect and to quantify adulterants in cow milk. 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Cow milk adulteration involves the dilution of milk with a less-expensive component, such as water or whey. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) was employed to detect the adulterations of milk, non-destructively. Two adulteration types of cow milk with water and whey were prepared, respectively. NIR spectra of milk adulterations and natural milk samples in the region of 1100 - 2500 nm were collected. The classification of milk adulterations and natural milk were conducted by using discriminant partial least squares (DPLS) and soft independent modelling of class analogy (SIMCA) methods. PLS calibration models for the determination of water and whey contents in milk adulteration were also developed, individually. Comparisons of the classification methods, wavelength regions and data pretreatments were investigated, and are reported in this study. This study showed that NIR spectroscopy can be used to detect water or whey adulterants and their contents in milk samples. 相似文献
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Vallejo-Cordoba B 《Journal of capillary electrophoresis》1998,5(3-4):133-137
The general objective of this study was to utilize chemometrics in the interpretation of capillary electrophoresis milk protein profiles, for the detection of pasteurized milk adulteration with rehydrated milk powder or a rehydrated dairy-based milk substitute. The specific objectives were 1) to collect quantitative data on major casein and whey proteins in authentic and adulterated milks in a single CE analysis; and 2) to apply a pattern recognition procedure, Soft Independent Modeling of Class Analogies (SIMCA), on collected CE protein data, for the development of a statistical model useful in the detection of pasteurized milk adulteration. Authentic samples were fresh milk collected from various farms over a period of six months. Adulterated samples were authentic fresh milk partially or totally substituted with rehydrated milk powder or a rehydrated commercial milk substitute at different levels. Quantitative protein data obtained by capillary free zone electrophoresis for beta-lactoglobulin, alpha-lactalbumin, beta-casein, and alpha-casein of 86 samples, authentic and adulterated samples, were used as a training set to build a SIMCA multivariate statistical model. The detection of sample outliers was useful for the elimination of unusual samples and optimization of the multivariate model. From the 35 commercial pasteurized milks tested, which were treated as unknowns, a total of 14 samples (40%) were not assigned to the authentic or fresh milk group, meaning that these samples had some type of adulteration at the levels included in the training set (> 15%). Decision-making on detecting adulteration of unknown commercial pasteurized milk samples was eased since predictions were based on statistical probabilities. 相似文献
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Cozzolino R Passalacqua S Salemi S Malvagna P Spina E Garozzo D 《Journal of mass spectrometry : JMS》2001,36(9):1031-1037
The development is described of a rapid, simply and accurate analytical method aimed at evaluating both the presence of cow milk in either raw ewe and water buffalo milk samples employed in industrial processes and the addition of powdered milk to samples of fresh raw milk, using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOFMS). The presence of adulteration is defined by evaluating the protein patterns coming from the most abundant whey proteins, alpha-lactalbumin and beta-lactoglobulin, used as molecular markers. As no pretreatment of the milk samples is required and owing to the speed and ease of use of MALDI-MS the proposed analytical protocol can be used as a routine strategy for the identification of possible adulteration of the raw fresh milk samples that the dairy industry receives from producers every day. 相似文献
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MALDI-MS and multivariate analysis for the detection and quantification of different milk species 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The extensive consumption of milk and dairy products makes these foodstuffs targets for potential adulteration with financial
gains for unscrupulous producers. Such practices must be detected as these can impact negatively on product quality, labelling
and even health. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-ToF-MS) is a potentially
useful technique, with proven abilities in protein identification and more recently through the use of internal standards
for quantification purposes of specific proteins or peptides. In the current work, we therefore aim to explore the accuracy
and attributes of MALDI-ToF-MS with chemometrics for the detection and quantification of milk adulteration. Three binary mixtures
containing cows' and goats', cows' and sheep's, and goats' and sheep's milk and a fourth tertiary mixture containing all types
of milk were prepared and analysed directly using MALDI-ToF-MS. In these mixtures, the milk concentrations of each milk varied
from 0% to 100% in 5% steps. Multivariate statistical methods including partial least squares (PLS) regression and non-linear
Kernel PLS regression were employed for multivariate calibration and final interpretation of the results. The results for
PLS and KPLS were encouraging with between 2% and 13% root mean squared error of prediction on independent data; KPLS slightly
outperformed PLS. We believe that these results show that MALDI-ToF-MS has excellent potential for future use in the dairy
industry as a rapid method of detection and enumeration in milk adulteration. 相似文献
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Layane Lenardon Leonardo Zanchetti Meneghini Rodrigo Barcellos Hoff Tanara Magalhães Campos Motta Tânia Mara Pizzolato Marco Flôres Ferrão 《Analytical letters》2017,50(13):2068-2077
Milk adulteration is a concern in many countries, including Brazil. There are many compounds used as adulterants, including cheese whey, a by-product of cheese. Recently, we have developed a proteomic-like technique for separation and characterization of caseinomacropeptide using liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization. Caseinomacropeptide is important because it can be used as marker when cheese whey adulteration is performed in bovine milk. Furthermore, it is difficult to establish reference values for caseinomacropeptide levels because of the variation of milk composition. The aim of this study was to verify the average value for caseinomacropeptide present in bovine raw milk collected by Federal Inspection Service from five regions of Brazil (north, northwest, west central, south, southeast). Survey sampling was divided into two stages: first one, a data set 1 (regional sampling) was collected only from the south during a year. This data sampling was used to estimate the data set 2 (national sampling). A largest extreme value was suggested as a model for caseinomacropeptide distributions for national sampling. The data set showed 2.52?mg?L?1 as the mean and 4.80?mg?L?1 for the standard deviation based on a sampling size of 170?units collected across Brazil. The findings are useful to understand the presence of caseinomacropeptide, especially when no adulteration or the absence of good practices is present. 相似文献
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Chen RK Chang LW Chung YY Lee MH Ling YC 《Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM》2004,18(10):1167-1171
A method was developed for the quantification of cow milk adulteration in goat milk, based on solvent separation of whey proteins followed by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HPLC/ESI-MS). The presence of cow milk was determined using beta-lactoglobulin whey protein as the molecular marker. The adulterants were identified using both retention time and molecular mass derived from multiply charged molecular ions. Standard solutions containing cow and goat milk in different volume ratios were prepared and analyzed. Good linearity covering cow milk content from 5% and above was obtained. The proposed method identifies the adulterants using accurate molecular masses for protein identification and detects the addition of cow milk to goat milk at levels as low as 5%. 相似文献
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Determination of cows' milk in goats' milk and cheese by capillary electrophoresis of the whey protein fractions. 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The use of capillary zone electrophoresis to determine the adulteration of cows' milk in goats' milk products is described. The detection and quantification of cows' milk was based on the presence of the specific whey proteins: the relative calibration curve is reported. The peaks of interest were well resolved by using sodium borate at pH 9.2 as background electrolyte in methyl-silanized capillaries. The minimum amount detectable of cows' milk was 2% in milk mixtures and 4% in cheeses. Restrictions due to genetic variability and possible heat treatments, on only one of the two types of milk employed, are taken into account. Qualitative analysis of goat-ewe-cow and goat-ewe samples are also reported. 相似文献
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Milena Povolo Eliana Bonfitto Giovanna Contarini Piero M. Toppino Alberto Daghetta 《Journal of separation science》1999,22(2):97-102
The adulteration of milk fat with foreign fat has been and still is a major concern in the dairy industry. Milk fat purity is currently evaluated by triglyceride analysis by using the Official EU method. The detection limit of the various vegetable and animal fats ranges between 4 and 6%. This research was carried out to verify whether it is possible to decrease the detection limits of beef tallow, which is the most widely used adulterating animal fat. For this purpose, determinations of diglycerides and 3,5-cholestadiene, together with the Official EU method, were applied both to several samples of pure milk fat and to mixtures of milk fat with different percentages of beef tallow. The best results were obtained combining the data deriving from the three determinations by multivariate statistical techniques; in particular, the statistical model obtained by the UNEQ technique seems to be able to decrease the detection limit of beef tallow from 5.2 to 2%. The diglyceride and 3,5-cholestadiene evaluation, combined with the Official EU method for triglycerides, can be usefully applied both to detect small additions of beef tallow and to demonstrate the adulteration of milk fat samples showing results close to the detection limit of the official method. 相似文献
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The preparation of 0.45 mm thin polyacrylamide gels, containing urea, for horizontal micro isoelectric focusing of milk proteins with PhastSystem is described. Isoelectric focusing in the small gels, stained either with Coomassie Brilliant Blue R-250 or with the more sensitive silver stain, affords a fast and sensitive procedure for an analysis of milk and cheese proteins. The procedure can be effectively exploited in detecting adulteration in ovine cheese with bovine milk. 相似文献
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Capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry - a fast and reliable tool for the monitoring of milk adulteration 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The development of a rapid, simple and accurate analytical method aimed at the detection and quantification of bovine milk in either ovine or caprine milk samples by means of CE-MS analyses of whey proteins with high-ionic strength and presence of acidic running buffer is described. The high-ionic strength buffer was used in order to minimize the problems with the adsorption of the proteins onto the fused-silica capillary wall. The acidic running electrolyte, pH 1.9, was used to support the production of positive ions in electrospray. Highly linear dependences of the ratio of the sum of non-bovine beta-lactoglobulins (ovine or caprine) to the total beta-lactoglobulins in milk mixture (bovine plus ovine or bovine plus caprine) vs. the volume percentage of added bovine milk in ovine (or caprine) milk were obtained. This technique allowed the fast and reliable evaluation of milk adulteration. The amount of bovine milk added into the "non-bovine" ones can be well within the concentration range of 5-95%. 相似文献