磁隔离触发式10 kV级联型脉冲电源研制

采用磁隔离触发式的级联型高压脉冲电源解决了每一级联单元浮动供电的问题,结构紧凑,触发方式简单可靠。利用磁耦合隔离的触发方式,触发信号一致性高,产生的截止偏压信号可以对绝缘栅双极晶体管进行可靠关断。同时,在每一级联单元附加切尾开关支路,降低输出脉冲高压的下降沿,提高级联型脉冲电源的适用性。研制的10 kV级联型脉冲电源,每一个级联单元的额定工作电压为1 kV,总共10组。电压调节范围0~10 kV,工作频率1~10 kHz,脉冲电流0~20 A,脉冲宽度5~50 s。     

基于半桥结构的双极性脉冲电源的研究

为了满足脉冲电场消融的应用需求,解决单极性脉冲电场分布不均匀的问题,研制了一台基于半桥结构的主电路、具有纳秒级前沿的高重复频率双极性亚微秒高压脉冲电源。该脉冲电源由FPGA提供控制信号,经过驱动芯片放大控制信号后,利用光耦隔离驱动多个SiC MOSFET。驱动电路所需元器件较少,信号控制时序简单,可提供负压偏置,使开关管可靠关断,提高了电路的抗电磁干扰能力,使电源能稳定运行。通过电阻负载实验,对比分析了不同栅极电阻对驱动电压的影响,驱动电压上升沿时间越短对应的双极性高压脉冲前沿越快。实验结果表明：所设计的高频双极性脉冲电源在100Ω纯阻性负载上能够稳定产生重复频率双极性纳秒脉冲,输出电压0～±4 kV可调,脉宽0.2～1.0μs可调,正负脉冲相间延时0～1 ms可调,上升沿和下降沿60～150 ns之间。该双极性脉冲电源电路设计结构紧凑,能满足应用的参数需求。     

正负双极性直流高压充电电源设计北大核心CSCD

高压脉冲电容器是脉冲功率系统中应用较广的储能器件。根据大容量能库型脉冲装置对充电电源的技术要求,研制了一种输出电压±0.5~±10 kV可调、最大平均功率约3 kW、双极性一体化直流高压充电电源。设计上采用控制电路与正负双极性直流高压输出主电路一体化方式,通过隔离、屏蔽和保护措施,解决了目前双极性直流高压充电电源存在的正负极性电压不平衡、采样控制信号与高压地未隔离问题,减小了电源体积,提高了电源的鲁棒性、可靠性和电磁干扰能力。100多台充电电源在18.3 MJ脉冲装置中同时运行,在复杂电磁干扰环境下可靠稳定工作。     

宽输出电压的半导体激光器驱动电源研究

介绍了一种大功率、宽输出电压范围的半导体激光器脉冲驱动电源的设计方法。根据半导体激光器脉冲驱动电源高电压、大电流的工作特性需求,脉冲放电环节采用多模块级联与功率开关管线性控制脉冲放电相结合的拓扑结构,这样既实现了脉冲电流平滑稳定,又提高了输出电压等级与功率。充电环节采取LCC谐振变换器结构,其抗负载短路和开路的能力非常适用于脉冲放电场合。该脉冲电源输出参数为:电压0~1000 V,电流1~160 A,脉宽200~250 μs,频率100 Hz内可调,具备较宽泛灵活的输出范围,可适应不同规模的激光二极管阵列。最后,分别通过单模块、两模块与三模块小功率级联型驱动实验验证了采用多模块级联与功率开关管线性控制脉冲放电相结合方法的可行性。     

小型化电感隔离型Marx发生器的研制

随着脉冲功率技术的发展,纳秒脉冲电场被逐渐应用到等离子体水处理、不可逆电穿孔肿瘤消融等技术中。为了满足纳秒脉冲的应用需求,电源需要输出十几kV高压,拥有纳秒窄脉宽和快速的上升沿,同时尽量减小电源体积,降低成本。该纳秒脉冲电源采用电感隔离型Marx发生器结构,电路可以实现模块化叠加,电感隔离可以减少开关数量,抬升充电电压,以获得更高的电压输出。所设计的驱动电路仅需一路控制信号和一个直流供电模块,经功率放大和磁隔离后可同时控制所有放电管,该驱动电路结构简单、成本低、体积小,耐压水平高。所设计的24级电源样机,在50 kΩ阻性负载上,可输出0～14 kV电压,频率0.5～1 kHz,脉宽500 ns。该电源主电路的长宽高尺寸仅为23 cm×10 cm×12 cm。     

高可靠性脉冲氙灯电源设计

对540 mm18 mm、极间距250 mm、充气压力26 kPa的脉冲氙灯进行分析计算,研制了一台具有手动和外触发功能、氙灯充电电压2.5～4.5 kV、输出脉冲电流幅度3～6 kA、脉冲宽度约230 s的脉冲氙灯电源,给出了单次触发情况下的实验结果。设计基于晶闸管移相调压方式,经由隔离模块、PLC控制构成的闭环反馈回路,控制调压模块对储能电容器线性充电;通过IGBT半导体开关器件产生脉冲信号,经脉冲变压器升压后触发氙灯,使氙灯导通发光。采用简单、可靠的绕丝触发方式和控制信号隔离、电容器一端接地等方法,有效抑制了地电位抬高,提高了氙灯电源的可靠性和抗干扰能力。通过百次的实验,脉冲氙灯电源能100%点亮负载氙灯,满足实际使用要求。     

HL-2A装置辅助加热高压电源控制系统的设计与实现

研制了HL-2A装置LHCD和ECRH系统使用的高压电源,其电源拓扑分别为晶闸管交流调压型和星点控制型高压电源,通过高压脉冲调制器给LHCD和ECRH系统供电,采用了波头补偿、前馈和反馈相结合的控制方法,弥补了电源拓扑本身固有的瞬态特性不足和发电机输出的不稳定性,使电源输出电压输出平顶的稳定度优于1%。介绍了高压电源的主回路结构,对高压电源的控制进行了论述,同时给出了实验结果。     

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研制了HL-2A装置LHCD和ECRH系统使用的高压电源,其电源拓扑分别为晶闸管交流调压型和星点控制型高压电源,通过高压脉冲调制器给LHCD和ECRH系统供电,采用了波头补偿、前馈和反馈相结合的控制方法,弥补了电源拓扑本身固有的瞬态特性不足和发电机输出的不稳定性,使电源输出电压输出平顶的稳定度优于1%。介绍了高压电源的主回路结构,对高压电源的控制进行了论述,同时给出了实验结果。     

80 kV可调节高压脉冲方波脉冲电源的研制

研制了80 kV可调节高压脉冲方波电源系统以对ZnO样品特性进行测试,实现电源输出脉宽、重复频率、运行时间可调。系统采用人工形成线、脉冲变压器加可调节负载电阻等技术路线,实现了高压方波脉冲的输出;采用高速数据I/O卡产生序列脉冲信号控制两个火花间隙开关的通断,对人工形成线形成的方波进行截尾,实现了输出方波宽度可调;利用Labview中的图形化控件,编写友好简洁的计算机控制界面;采用光电隔离、光纤传输和供电隔离等一系列措施,提高触发控制系统的抗干扰能力。实验结果表明,最终电源输出电压幅值超过80 kV,输出方波脉冲宽度超过25 s,脉冲前沿小于0.7 s,并且输出电压幅值可调,脉冲宽度在输出范围内可连续调节。利用该电源对ZnO压敏电阻样品进行了测试,得到了较好的ZnO压敏电阻非线性伏安特性曲线。     

频率自动跟踪超声波电源设计

针对超声波电源工作时负载状态改变,换能系统产生谐振漂移的问题,提出了一种基于STM32的频率自动跟踪超声波电源的设计。电源逆变电路采用带辅助网络的全桥结构,阻抗匹配电路选择了一种改进型的T型匹配网络,应用PWM移相调功技术控制电源的输出功率,通过数字鉴相技术得到电压电流的相位差作为电路谐振状态的反馈信号,结合STM32主控制器进行PI控制,调节PWM波的输出频率使电路始终工作于谐振状态,实现了谐振频率的自动跟踪。最后基于该设计方案,实际制作了一款应用于超声波清洗仪的电源,并通过实验验证了该电源具有输出功率稳定,负载适应性强,输出频率自动跟踪等特点。     

Chalcogenide Fibers: An Overview of Selected Applications

Chalcogenide glass fibers have many unique properties that make them attractive for applications that are not possible with silica fibers. Selected applications of chalcogenide fibers in research, commerce, and the military are reviewed.     

Some mathematical aspects of Anderson localization: boundary effect,multimodality, and bifurcation

Anderson localization is a famous wave phenomenon that describes the absence of diffusion of waves in a disordered medium. Here we generalize the landscape theory of Anderson localization to general elliptic operators and complex boundary conditions using a probabilistic approach, and further investigate some mathematical aspects of Anderson localization that are rarely discussed before. First, we observe that under the Neumann boundary condition, the low energy quantum states are localized on the boundary of the domain with high probability. We provide a detailed explanation of this phenomenon using the concept of extended subregions and obtain an analytical expression of this probability in the one-dimensional case. Second, we find that the quantum states may be localized in multiple different subregions with high probability in the one-dimensional case and we derive an explicit expression of this probability for various boundary conditions. Finally, we examine a bifurcation phenomenon of the localization subregion as the strength of disorder varies. The critical threshold of bifurcation is analytically computed based on a toy model and the dependence of the critical threshold on model parameters is analyzed.     

辣椒碱与β-环糊精包合物的核磁共振研究

利用核磁共振方法研究了辣椒碱β-环糊精包合物的化学计量比、空间结构信息及其在水溶液中的自扩散系数. 通过测定不同浓度比的辣椒碱和β-环糊精混合溶液的 ¹H NMR数据,绘制Job's曲线,辣椒碱和β-环糊精的Job's曲线均在r=0.5处出现拐点. 同时测定了该包合物的2D ROESY和DOSY谱图,ROESY谱图中NOE交叉信号出现在辣椒碱的H-1~H-8和β-环糊精的H-3′、H-5′、H-6′之间,DOSY测得β-环糊精和辣椒碱形成包合物前后的表观自扩散系数. 结果表明,辣椒碱β-环糊精包合物的主客体分子的化学计量比为1∶1,辣椒碱分子的异丙基端从β-环糊精的宽口端进入疏水腔,其中H-1~H-8部分在空腔内部,包合物的自扩散系数为2.95×10^-10m²/s.     

Thermodynamics of 4D dS/AdS Gauss–Bonnet black holes according to consistent gravity theory in the presence of a cloud of strings

By looking at the Lovelock theorem one can infer that the gravity model given by [1] cannot be applicable for all types of 4D Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet (EGB) curved space-time. The reason for this is that in 4D space-time, the Gauss–Bonnet invariant is a total derivative and hence it does not contribute to gravitational dynamics. Hence, the authors of [2] presented an alternative consistent EGB gravity model instead of [1] by applying a break-of-diffeomorphism property. In this work, we use the alternative model to produce a de Sitter (dS)/Anti-de Sitter (AdS) black hole metric and then investigate its thermodynamic behavior in the presence of a cloud of Nambu–Goto strings. Mathematical derivations show that the resulting diagrams of pressure vs specific volume at a constant temperature are similar to that for a van der Waals gas/fluid in an ordinary thermodynamic system in the dS sector but not in the AdS background. From this, we infer that the black hole participates in the small-to-large black hole phase transition in the dS background, while it exhibits a Hawking–Page phase transition in the AdS background. In the latter case, an evaporating black hole eventually reaches an AdS vacuum space because of its instability.     

Bidirectional Quantum Secure Direct Communication Network Protocol with Hyperentanglement

We propose a bidirectional quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) network protocol with the hyperentanglment in both the spatial-mode ad the polarization degrees of freedom of photon pairs which can in principle be produced with a beta barium borate crystal. The secret message can be encoded on the photon pairs with unitary operations in these two degrees of freedom independently. Compared with other QSDC network protocols, our QSDC network protocol has a higher capacity as each photon pair can carry 4 bits of information. Also, we discuss the security of our QSDC network protocol and its feasibility with current techniques.     

Darboux Transformation and N-soliton Solution for Extended Form of Modified Kadomtsev-Petviashvili Equation with Variable-Coefficient

The extended form of modified Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation with variable-coefficient is investigated in the framework of Painlevé analysis. The Lax pairs are obtained by analysing two Painlevé branches of this equation. Starting with the Lax pair, the N-times Darboux transformation is constructed and the N-soliton solution formula is given, which contains 2n free parameters and two arbitrary functions. Furthermore, with different combinations of the parameters, several types of soliton solutions are calculated from the first order to the third order. The regularity conditions are discussed in order to avoid the singularity of the solutions. Moreover, we construct the generalized Darboux transformation matrix by considering a special limiting process and find a rational-type solution for this equation.     

The ρ-π Puzzle of J/φ and φ′ Decays

The recent BES Collaboration data on φ →PV, particularly the isospin violating mode φ′ → π^oω^o and finding of a finite number for B(φ′ → K^*OK^O), enable us now to deal more precisely about the challenges to theory concerning this extraordinary and remarkableso-called ρ-π puzzle of J/φ and φ′ decays. In terms of the existing data and deploying the simplest phenomenology, measurement of φ′ → π⁺π^- and whether a finite number for the K^*+K^- mode might require a significantly large accumulation of data remain interesting questions.     

HL-2M 装置时序控制与数据采集系统设计

基于 FPGA 和 IEEE1588PTPv2 协议设计了 HL-2M 装置时序控制系统,用于在精准时刻为测控系统 提供触发。数据采集系统采用客户端/服务端双模式管理。在 HL-2M 装置初始等离子体放电实验中测试结果表明, 时序控制和采集系统具有纳秒级精度触发,实时性强,数据传输速度快,稳定可靠,方便部署和管理的特点,满 足 HL-2M 等离子体放电实验的应用需求。     

Interaction of Wave Trains with Defects

The evolution and transition of planar wave trains propagating through defects(obstacles) in an excitable medium are studied. When the frequency of the planar wave trains is increased, three different dynamical regimes,namely fusion, "V" waves, and spiral waves, are observed in turn and the underlying mechanism is discussed. The dynamics is concerned with the shapes of the defects. Circle, triangle, and rectangle defects with different sizes are considered. The increase of pacing frequency broadens the fan-shaped broken region in the behind of a rectangle defect.The increase of width of a triangle defect leads to breakup of wave trains easier while the change of height shows opposite effect, which is presented in a phase diagram. Dynamical comparison on defects with different shapes indicates that the decrease of the defect width along the propagation of wave trains makes the fan-shaped region and the minimal frequency for breakup of spiral both increased.     

面向集成模拟平台的远程协作系统

基于 Web 技术,采用三层模型的系统架构,分别使用 AJAX、SQLite、Openlava 和 Python 解决了 数据异步传输、作业结果重用、多用户作业管理和可视化显示等关键技术,成功开发出面向集成模拟平台的远程 协作系统——SICOS。通过 Web 浏览器即可多人同时运行高性能计算集群上 IMAS 框架下的等离子体程序,实 现了程序的集成运行及运行结果的远程分析、数据共享和可视化显示等功能。通过率先集成 EFIT 可以获得 HL-2A 装置实验的平衡位形重建结果和 HL-2M 装置期望的平衡位形结果,为后续其它程序的集成奠定了技术基础。