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在对某些精密产品实现自动化生产过程中,存在难以对装配该产品所需的多种装配小零件进行高精度自动测量与装配的问题。针对该问题,搭建了基于机器视觉技术的自动化测量与装配系统。基于Halcon图像处理软件平台,对零件图像进行了中值滤波、图像增强等预处理;采用了Canny算法对零件求取像素精度的边缘,并运用椭圆曲线拟合法获取了亚像素精度边缘;建立了两种相机镜头畸变模型,采用径向排列约束(RAC)标定法与张正友标定法对相机进行了标定,并对标定精度进行了对比;实验结果表明:本系统的装配同轴度精度能达到0.05mm,零件尺寸测量标准差低于3.8μm,满足工业需求,可以解决工业实际问题。 相似文献
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智能化上料系统中工件视觉定位的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
随着我国工业生产行业的快速发展,人工上料越来越难以适应,为解决工业生产线生产效率不高,人工成本过大,智能化不足等问题;基于国内外现有工件定位方法的研究,采用机器视觉对工件定位进行研究,利用工业相机采集图像信息,上传到PC端中 NI Vision软件进行图像预处理、边缘检测,并基于边缘检测结果提取质心点,然后利用坐标转换算法,获得对应世界坐标系下的坐标值,通过通信单元传送给机器人控制系统,控制机器手移动;经验证,算法不仅稳定可靠,而且易于修改,所得结果精度相对较高。 相似文献
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基于视觉的图像处理技术逐渐成熟,将图像处理应用在工件检测中也被广泛认同;利用图像检测螺纹的技术和装置也不断被改进和完善。针对螺纹图像检测中连续性较低、精度不高的问题,设计了一种连续自动螺纹检测系统。在圆盘上均匀分配四个工位,由电机和分割器带动,实现螺纹检测过程的放置提取、工件判断、表面除杂以及图像采集四个过程;高精度工业相机获取的螺纹图像,应用Labview中Vision assistant模块,实现图像的几何畸变矫正、边缘检测、目标分割、图像标定、参数计算和检测。经过实验证明,该系统实现了螺纹检测的自动化,并且提高了螺纹检测的精度。 相似文献
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为实现大型自由曲面工件的高精度快速三维测量,设计了一种由超大尺度结构光传感器和两轴导轨构成的三维测量系统。结构光传感器在两轴导轨的带动下获取图像,通过计算得到目标工件的三维坐标。为了将二维图像坐标转换到三维相机坐标,提出一种线结构光传感器内外参数同时标定的方法。该方法使用准一维靶标进行标定,通过获取运动机构平移过程中靶标与激光光条的图像,计算得到线结构光传感器内外参数。实验结果表明,该标定结果可靠,系统的测量误差在0.6mm以内,满足设计需求。标定过程操作简便,靶标制作简单,适合于工业现场标定使用。 相似文献
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针对红外相机与可见光相机联合标定的问题,利用不同物体红外辐出度的差异,设计了可同时应用于红外相机与可见光相机标定的平面靶标。利用"最大稳定极值区域"(MSER)算法,检测靶标的镂空深色区域。为克服图像可能存在较大畸变的问题,通过相邻最大稳定极值区域质心的位置关系预估角点所在位置,在预估位置内进行角点检测,提取用于标定的亚像素角点位置。结果表明:新型靶标及相应的角点提取方法能够同时满足于红外相机与可见光相机内外参数标定的需要。通过红外与可见光"双双目"立体视觉系统的融合重构效果可看出,提供的标定数据能够满足系统需求。 相似文献
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相机标定技术是结构光三维视觉测量的关键技术之一,结构光系统的相机标定的精度对三维测量的精度有很大影响。首先对三线结构光系统图的相机标定方法进行了分析,简单介绍了工业相机成像的几何模型及标定的原理;其次利用Harris角点检测方法提取特征点坐标,并选用了BP神经网络来校正工业相机的畸变模型,以提高标定算法的优化速度和标定精度;最后采用张正友的平面标定法对校正后的摄像机模型进行标定实验,由实验结果知,该方法具有一定的准确性和有效性,在一定误差范围内,基于神经网络畸变校正的张正友相机标定能够有效提高视觉检测的精度。 相似文献
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We present a line-scan camera calibration method in a plane not perpendicular to but parallel to the optical axis, without requiring the camera motion or a complex calibration pattern. A random 2D reference coordinate system in the calibration plane can be used, images of a rod perpendicular to the calibration plane at known coordinates are captured by the camera, the relation between the given coordinates and the rod image centroid position are analyzed based on a reduced pinhole model and image processing, and then the camera parameters and distortion factors are all estimated. These distortion factors build a sample relation only between the image position in theory and in practice, and they do not change with object position. Two wide-angle line-scan cameras that are used in a 2D-coordinate measurement system are calibrated by this method; the application results illustrate the effectiveness and convenience of this method. 相似文献
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In this study, a novel approach to a measuring methodology and calibration method for an optical non-contact scanning probe system is proposed and verified by experiments. The optical probe consists of a line laser diode and two charge-coupled device (CCD) cameras and is placed on a computer numerical control (CNC) machine to measure the workpiece profiles. A space mapping method using the least-squares algorithm is presented for the probe calibration and profile measurement. This method provides a simple and accurate calculation of the relationship between the real space plane and its related image space plane in a CCD camera. A transparent grid with regularly spaced nodal points is used to construct the space mapping function. The space coordinate of an object can be obtained from its image in the CCD camera via the mapping function. The measured profile data are smoothed by the B-spline blending function and can be transferred to a CAD/CAM package for industrial applications. Experimental results show that this technique can determine the 3-D profile of an object with an accuracy of 60 μm. 相似文献
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为了提高汽车夜间行驶安全性能,设计并实现了一套基于红外图像处理的夜视安全系统。使用被动式红外相机对车辆和行人进行红外成像以得到车辆前方行人和车辆的准确位置;测距必须确定对象的形心,对红外图像的灰度值进行判定区分行人和车辆,对行人使用中值空域滤波方法进行降噪,对车辆使用db4小波进行预处理,然后使用基于图像边缘的图像分割方法进行图像分割,使用最大类间方差评估确定分割结果,再进行区域提取得到形心坐标;使用小孔成像模型计算形心与本车的距离,提取本车速度、加速度参数计算理论碰撞时间,当理论碰撞时间小于时间阈值时进行声光告警,从而实现实时预警。系统使用DIR-384-P红外相机,系统算法使用PFGA实现,测试结果表明,经过标校和加固后,系统与目标存在5米距离时,车辆测距的误差率达到2.74%,行人测距的误差率低于3.9%,具有一定的实际应用价值。 相似文献
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在1/32真空室部件后期机加工时,采用激光跟踪仪对工件进行测量,从而解决了其在机床平台上定位基准的问题。在工件安放在机床平台后,首先通过测量拟合出工件的设计坐标系,确定其装配基准点;其次在工件外部加工出具备XY、YZ、XZ三正交平面特征的辅助标准块,建立机床坐标系;然后使用激光跟踪仪同时测量工件和辅助标准块,确定工件与辅助标准块的相对位置关系;最后机床以辅助标准块作为定位基准来完成工件的加工。使用该方法已完成两个1/32真空室部件的加工,并且加工精度在公差要求范围之内,验证了该方法的合理性和可操作性。 相似文献
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The laser tracker is used to determine the locating data of the 1/32 vacuum vessel during its later machining on the machine tool platform. Firstly, the design coordinate system of the workpiece and the base points of assembly are determined by the laser tracker when the workpiece is clamped to the platform of machining tool. Secondly, an auxiliary standard block with XY, YZ, XZ three orthogonal planes features is machined outside the workpiece to establish the machine coordinate system. Then the workpiece and auxiliary standard block are measured simultaneously with the laser tracker to determine the relative positional relationship between the workpiece and the auxiliary standard block. Finally, the machine tool uses the auxiliary standard block as the locating data to complete the machining of the workpiece. Through this method, the machining work of two 1/32 vacuum vessels have been completed, and the machining accuracy is within the range of tolerance requirements, as illustrates the rationality and practicability of the method. 相似文献
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为了有效解决单圆特征目标位姿解存在二义性的问题,提出了基于角度约束的目标位姿虚假解的消除方法。在相机标定好的前提下,在水平面上平移相机系统获得两幅或两幅以上具有圆特征的目标物图像,以圆形特征目标物的真实姿态角在相机坐标系下保持不变作为约束,可以有效剔除虚假解。可将该方法应用于末端安装摄像机的工业机器人,操控机器人做已知的平移运动从而有效剔除圆特征目标位姿的虚假解。通过实验验证,圆特征目标姿态角的绝对误差小于0.5°,然后可通过真实姿态选出对应目标的真实位置。该方法简单易行,不需要额外的高昂设备就能精确地定位出物体的真实位姿,成功率可达100%。 相似文献
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The technique of phase-measuring profilometry is reviewed, whereby a sinusoidal grating structure is projected onto a diffuse three-dimensional surface, and the resulting deformed grating image is detected by a solid state array camera and processed by a microcomputer using interferometric phase measuring algorithms. The approach permits parallel acquisition and processing of large amounts of data with high accuracy and speed.Several systems are described, configured with telecentric laser light illumination or general white light diverging illumination, and capable of measurement from a single point of view or over full 360°. Each system consists of an optical projection assembly with phase-shifter, an imaging assembly with high density CCD camera and an IBM AT microcomputer with buffer and control cards.Applications to industrial inspection and medical diagnostics are presented. 相似文献