Synthesis of thiomorpholino buffers for isoelectric focusing in immobilized pH gradients

The two commercially available Immobilines having a pK of 6.2 (2-morpholino ethyl acrylamide) and 7.0 (3-morpholinopropylacrylamide) have been modified and two new buffers have been synthesized: 2-thiomorpholinoethylacrylamide, pK 6.6, and 3-thiomorpholinopropyl acrylamide, pK 7.4. The replacement of an oxygen with a sulfur atom in the morpholino ring is thus seen to shift the pK values of these two bases by +0.4 pH units. In formulations in which the two new bases replaced the standard morpholino derivatives, identical pH profiles and protein patterns were obtained. The reason for this work was to try to close the gap between the pK 7.0 and 8.5 species and to provide the users of immobilized pH gradients with more buffers in the neutral pH region. The two new thiomorpholino derivatives are an important step in this direction.     

Solid-substrate room-temperature phosphorescence study on zinc(II) and tin(IV) protoporphyrins and their interaction with DNA

The solid-substrate room-temperature phosphorescence (SS-RTP) of two commercially available metalloporphyrin compounds, zinc(II) protoporphyrin (ZnPP) and tin(IV) protoporphyrin (SnPP) has been studied. Strong and stable RTP signals of the two metalloporphyrins in neutral to weakly basic solutions can be simply induced on filter paper without addition of external heavy atom perturbers. Their emission bands appeared at 723 nm for ZnPP and 718 nm for SnPP at an excitation wavelength of 417 nm. Compared with SnPP, ZnPP is a better RTP probe for DNA because its RTP enhancement effect is much higher under the same experimental conditions. The interaction of ZnPP with DNA at pH 8.5 gives an apparent binding constant of 9.1 x 10(3) which is similar to that of the cationic porphyrin absorption probe CuTMPyP (copper (II)- tetrakis(4-N-methylpyridyl)porphine complex). Hydrogen bonding between the monocarboxylic acid substituent of ZnPP and the base pairs of DNA plays a crucial role in the binding.     

Potentiometric determination of equilibrium constants of bases and perchlorates of protonated bases in glacial acetic acid using Superquad

The traditional method of calculating equilibrium constants in glacial acetic acid medium was developed by Kolthoff and Bruckenstein in 1957; thenceforth, and even presently, few alternatives have been made available to undertake such studies. This paper presents the results obtained with the use of the program Superquad to assess the equilibrium constants of various bases and their protonated perchlorate salts in glacial acetic media. A model of formation equilibria is proposed and fed into the program, considering the species present during an acid-base titration. The calculations of the equilibrium constants using Superquad for pyridine and diethylamine are statistically in agreement with those reported in the literature, (for pyridine: pK(B)=5.98+/-0.02, pK( PyHClO4)=5.47+/-0.02 and for diethylamine pK(B)=5.52+/-0.04, pK( DietHClO4)=4.52+/-0.07). With the use of Superquad, the values found for the aniline were pK(B)=6.95+/-0.06 and pK( AnilHClO4)=4.89+/-0.06.     

Multiplex binding modes of toluidine blue with calf thymus DNA and conformational transition of DNA revealed by spectroscopic studies

It is noteworthy to understand the details of interactions between antitumor drugs and DNA because the binding modes and affinities affect their antitumor activities. Here, The interaction of toluidine blue (TB), a potential antitumor drug for photodynamic therapy of tumor, with calf thymus DNA (ctDNA) was explored by UV–vis, fluorescence, circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, UV-melting method and surface-enhance Raman spectroscopy (SERS). The experimental results suggest that TB could bind to ctDNA via both electrostatic interaction and partial intercalation. The fluorescence quenching of TB by ctDNA was static and due to electron transfer from bases to the excited singlet state of TB. At low [TB]/[DNA] ratio, TB mainly partially intercalated into ctDNA resulting in the slight increase of base stacking degree; at high [TB]/[DNA] ratio, excessive TB externally stacked along the helix surface via coupling with partially intercalated ones, thereby inducing B-A transition of ctDNA. The conformational transition of DNA was confirmed by the obvious improvement of the thermal stability of ctDNA. The SERS spectra suggest that TB could partially intercalate into DNA basepairs with its ring C₁NC_1′ side buried.     

Solid-substrate room-temperature phosphorescence study on zinc(II) and tin(IV) protoporphyrins and their interaction with DNA

The solid-substrate room-temperature phosphorescence (SS-RTP) of two commercially available metalloporphyrin compounds, zinc(II) protoporphyrin (ZnPP) and tin(IV) protoporphyrin (SnPP) has been studied. Strong and stable RTP signals of the two metalloporphyrins in neutral to weakly basic solutions can be simply induced on filter paper without addition of external heavy atom perturbers. Their emission bands appeared at 723 nm for ZnPP and 718 nm for SnPP at an excitation wavelength of 417 nm. Compared with SnPP, ZnPP is a better RTP probe for DNA because its RTP enhancement effect is much higher under the same experimental conditions. The interaction of ZnPP with DNA at pH 8.5 gives an apparent binding constant of 9.1 × 10³ which is similar to that of the cationic porphyrin absorption probe CuTMPyP (copper (II)- tetrakis(4-N-methylpyridyl)porphine complex). Hydrogen bonding between the monocarboxylic acid substituent of ZnPP and the base pairs of DNA plays a crucial role in the binding. Received: 21 December 2000 / Revised: 9 April 2001 / Accepted: 20 April 2001     

Lactone enols are stable in the gas phase but highly unstable in solution

2-Hydroxyoxol-2-ene (C(5)-1), the enol tautomer of gamma-butyrolactone, was generated in the gas phase as the first representative of the hitherto elusive class of lactone enols and shown by neutralization-reionization mass spectrometry to be remarkably stable as an isolated species. Ab initio calculations by QCISD(T)/6-311+G(3df,2p) provided the enthalpies of formation, proton affinities, and gas-phase basicities for gaseous lactone enols with four- (C(4)-1), five- (C(5)-1), and six-membered rings (C(6)-1). The acid-base properties of C(4)-C(6) lactones and enols and reference carboxylic acid enols CH(2)=C(OH)(2) (3) and CH(2)=C(OH)OCH(3) (4) were also calculated in aqueous solution. The C(4)-C(6) lactone enols show gas-phase proton affinities in the range of 933-944 kJ mol(-)(1) and acidities in the range of 1401-1458 kJ mol(-)(1). In aqueous solution, the lactone enols are 15-20 orders of magnitude more acidic than the corresponding lactones, with enol pK(a) values increasing from 5.6 (C(4)-1) to 14.5 (C(6)-1). Lactone enols are moderately weak bases in water with pK(BH) in the range of 3.9-8.1, whereas the lactones are extremely weak bases of pK(BH) in the range of -10.5 to -17.4. The acid-base properties of lactone enols point to their high reactivity in protic solvents and explain why no lactone enols have been detected thus far in solution studies.     

Structural study of 2,6-bis[(dimethylaminomethyl)phenyl]butyl stannanes: nonconventional behaviour of triorganotin(IV) halides

The four organotin (IV) compounds ([2,6-bis(dimethylaminomethyl)phenyl](n-butyl)R(1)R(2)stannane, with R(1)=R(2)=nBu (1), R(1)=nBu, R(2)=Cl (2), R(1)=nBu, R(2)=Br (3) and R(1)=R(2)=Br (4)), have been prepared and their structures have been investigated in various solvents and at various temperatures (NMR). The structures of these compounds in solution are solvent- and temperature-dependent. The solid state structures of 2 and 3 were studied using CP/MAS NMR spectroscopy and Xray diffraction techniques. The tetraorganotin compound 1 exhibits tetrahedral geometry with very weak Sn-N coordination. The dynamic process of Sn-N bond(s) association/dissociation was observed using low-temperature NMR measurements. The tin central atom in 2 and 3 is [4+2]-coordinated in toluene solutions and the NMR low-temperature measurements reveal the same dynamic behavior as for 1 in this solution, with retention of the covalent halogen-tin bond. However, this bond is dissociated in methanol solutions, yielding ionic species, where the tin atom is only [3+2]-coordinated, and the halogen atom lies outside of the primary coordination sphere of the tin atom. In addition, while the same ionic structure as in methanol was found in the whole measured temperature range in the chloroform solution of 3, the structure of 2 varies in this solvent. In this compound, the covalent Sn-Cl bond (similar structure as in toluene solution), which is retained at room temperature in chloroform solution, is continuously dissociated with a decrease in temperature, leading to ionic bonding (a similar structure as in methanol solution). All the above-mentioned processes are reversible in all the solvents and at all temperatures. In the solid state, the covalent Sn-Cl bond is observed for 2, while an ionic bond was found in 3.     

三维有序金掺杂纳米TiO_2修饰电极用于抗肿瘤药物与DNA相互作用的研究

利用模板法在氧化铟锡(ITO)电极表面制备了三维有序多孔结构的金掺杂纳米Ti O2薄膜修饰电极(3DOM GTD/ITO),并在此修饰电极上成功固定小牛胸腺DNA(ct DNA),从而构建了一种新型的DNA生物传感器(DNA/3DOM GTD/ITO),并通过透射电镜(TEM)、扫描电镜(SEM)对修饰电极的表面形貌进行表征。采用电化学交流阻抗(EIS)法研究了ct DNA在3DOM GTD/ITO修饰电极表面的固定情况,结果表明,ct DNA已被成功地固定在3DOM GTD/ITO修饰电极表面。采用循环伏安法、微分脉冲伏安法等电化学方法研究了抗肿瘤药物槲皮素(Qu)在3DOM GTD/ITO修饰电极表面的电化学性质及与ct DNA的相互作用。结果表明,Qu在3DOM GTD/ITO修饰电极表面有1对准可逆的氧化还原峰,其氧化还原反应为2电子和2质子的转移过程。Qu可与固定在修饰电极上的ct DNA发生较强的结合作用,其结合常数(K)为3.61×106L/mol。循环伏安实验、紫外-可见吸收光谱、分子荧光光谱、圆二色性光谱均表明Qu与ct DNA之间的相互作用模式为嵌插作用。Qu与ct DNA的碱基结合具有序列选择性,对Qu与聚(d G-d C)及聚(d A-d T)的结合常数进行计算,得到结合常数比K(d G-d C)/K(d A-d T)=3.5,表明Qu与ct DNA发生嵌插作用时更倾向于结合在GC富集区域。     

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of MnSm_4(SiO_4)_3O

ＳｙｎｔｈｅｓｉｓａｎｄＣｒｙｓｔａｌＳｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅｏｆＭｎＳｍ_４（ＳｉＯ_４）_３Ｏ￥ＣｈｉＬｉ－Ｓｈｅｎｇ；ＤｅｎｇＳｈｕｉ－Ｑｕａｎ；ＺｈｕａｎｇＨｏｎｇ－Ｈｕｉ；ＨｕａｎｇＪｉｎ－Ｓｈｕｎ；（ＳｔａｔｅＨｅｙｌａｂｏｒａｔｏｒｙｏｆＳｔｒ?..     

配合物[Ni(IDB)2]2•(SO4)2•3CH3CH2OH•CH3OH•5H2O的合成、 晶体结构及其荧光光谱的研究

标题配合物是由三齿配体N,N-二(2-苯并咪唑甲基)亚胺(IDB)与NiSO4•6H2O在甲醇-乙醇溶液中反应得到的紫色晶体. X射线衍射测定了其单晶结构. 结构分析表明, 镍(II)分别与两个IDB配体中的苯并咪唑的四个氮和胺基的两个氮配位形成畸变的八面体构型. 研究了纳米金和小牛胸腺DNA对配合物荧光的影响, 探讨了配合物的荧光猝灭与恢复的可能机理.     

Fiber optic pH sensing with long wavelength excitable Schiff bases in the pH range of 7.0-12.0

Most of the fluorescent pH probes work near neutral or acidic regions of the pH scale. In this work, two different fluorescent Schiff bases, chloro phenyl imino propenyl aniline (CPIPA) and nitro phenyl imino propenyl aniline (NPIPA), have been investigated for pH sensing in the alkaline region. Absorption and emission based spectral data, quantum yield, fluorescence lifetime, photostability and acidity constant (pK(a)) of the Schiff bases were determined in conventional solvents and in PVC. The long wavelength excitable immobilized Schiff bases CPIPA (lambda(ex)=556 nm) and NPIPA (lambda(ex)=570 nm) exhibited absorption and emission based optical response to proton in the pH range of 8.0-12.0 and 7.0-12.0, respectively. Response of the CPIPA was fully reversible within the dynamic working range. The response times were between 3-13 min. A relative signal change of 95% and 96% have been achieved for sensor dyes of CPIPA and NPIPA, respectively. The CPIPA displayed better fluorescence quantum yield (varphi(F)=3.7 x 10(-1)) and higher matrix compatibility compared to NPIPA (varphi(F)=1.6 x 10(-1)) in immobilized PVC. The CPIPA and NPIPA exhibited a slight cross sensitivity to the ions of Hg(+) and Fe(3+), respectively.     

UV/vis, 1H, and 13C NMR spectroscopic studies to determine mangiferin pKa values

The acid constants of mangiferin (a natural xanthonoid) in aqueous solution were determined through an UV/vis spectroscopic study employing the SQUAD program as a computational tool. A NMR study complements the pK(a) values assignment and evidences a H-bridge presence on 1-C. The chemical model used was consistent with the experimental data obtained. The pK(a) values determined with this procedure were as follows: H(4)(MGF)=H(3)(MGF)(-)+H(+), pKa1 (6-H)=6.52+/-0.06; H(3)(MGF)(-)=H(2)(MGF)(2-)+H(+), pKa2 (3-H)=7.97+/-0.06; H(2)(MGF)(2-)=H(MGF)(3-)+H(+), pKa3 (7-H)=9.44+/-0.04; H(MGF)(3-)=(MGF)(4-)+H(+), pKa4 (1-H)=12.10+/-0.01; where it has been considered mangiferin C(19)H(18)O(11) as H(4)(MGF). Mangiferin UV/vis spectral behavior, stability study in aqueous solution as well as NMR spectroscopy studies: one-dimensional (1)H,(13)C, 2D correlated (1)H/(13)C performed by (g)-HSQC and (g)-HMBC methods; are also presented. pK(a) values determination of H(4)(MGF) in aqueous solution is a necessary contribution to subsequent pharmacokinetic study, and a step towards the understanding of its biological effects.     

Study on spectroscopic characterization of Pd porphyrin and its interaction with ctDNA

The fluorescence and solid substrate room temperature phosphorescence (SS-RTP) properties of Pd(II) meso-tetrakis (4-N-methyl-pyridiniumyl) porphyrin (Pd(II)TMPyP) were studied. The factors influencing the SS-RTP emission, such as filter type, inorganic salt sort, drying temperature, pre-drying time and drying time were investigated in detail. Strong SS-RTP signal can be induced on the slow speed filter paper in the presence of the external inorganic salt, Ca(NO₃)₂, with the maximum excitation and emission wavelengths at 421 nm and 675 nm, respectively. The interaction between calf thymus DNA (ctDNA) and Pd(II)TMPyP was investigated at pH 7.2 using SS-RTP, fluorescence and UV-vis spectroscopy. The SS-RTP intensity of Pd(II)TMPyP was enhanced efficiently with the increasing amount of ctDNA. This phenomenon demonstrates that the intercalated porphyrin is shielded by ctDNA to avoid collision quenching. This result was supported by SS-RTP lifetime measurement, SS-RTP anion quenching experiment and fluorescence polarization measurement. Furthermore, with the addition of ctDNA, the UV-vis spectra of Pd(II)TMPyP shows apparent hypochromicity (40%) at the Soret maximum of 417 nm and a red shift of Δλ = 15 nm, also indicating that Pd(II)TMPyP intercalates into ctDNA bases. The binding constant of Pd(II)TMPyP to ctDNA was calculated to be 4.41 × 10⁵ L/mol based on the derivative McGhee-von Hippel plots.     

Fluorescence energy transfer between Acridine Orange and Safranine T and its application in the determination of DNA

The fluorescence energy transfer (FET) between Acridine Orange and Safranine T, two intercalators of DNA, was studied in this paper. The FET efficiency between Acridine Orange and Safranine T is higher and the critical distance, R(0), is longer in the intercalated state than in the free one. A new method for the determination of calf thymus DNA (ctDNA) was presented. The linear range of the calibration curve is (0 approximately 1.1)x10(-5) mol l(-1) in bases for ctDNA, and the limit of detection is 2.6x10(-7) mol l(-1).     

Unexpected Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Macrocyclic Nickel Complex Involving Rare S-Cl Bond

A novel complex of [NiL(OOCNH2C2H3SClO3)]·H2O was obtained unexpectedly by the reaction of [Ni(rac-L)](ClO4)2 with l-cysteine (L=5,5,7,12,12,14-hexamethyl-1,4,8,11-tetra- azacyclotetradecane), and characterized by EA, IR, ESI-MS and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. It crystallizes in the orthorhombic system, space group P212121 with a=9.211(12), b=14.942(19), c=19.002(2), Mr=563.80, V=2615.3(6)3 , Z=4, Dc=1.432 g/cm3 , F(000)=1204, μ=0.966 mm-1 , the final R=0.0565 and wR=0.1515. The central nickel(Ⅱ) ion displays a distorted six-coordinate octahedral coordination geometry by coordination with four nitrogen atoms of L, and one oxygen and one nitrogen atoms of l-cysteine. The sulfur atom of l-cysteine instead of oxygen atom links directly with the chlorine atom of perchlorate. The title complex is the first example of perchlorate salt involving the sulfur atom.     

Acid-base equilibria in gamma-butyrolactone studied by use of pH-ISFETs

pH-ISFETs were used in the study of acid-base equilibria in gamma-butyrolactone (GBL). After the spectrophotometric determination of the pK(a) value of 3,5-dichloropicric acid, the pK(a) values and homo-conjugation constants of various acids (including the conjugate acids of bases) were determined potentiometrically using a Ta(2)O(5)-type pH-ISFET. The values of pK(a) in GBL were in a linear relation with those in propylene carbonate (PC) and 1.0 units smaller on average. The difference in pK(a) between GBL and PC was mainly attributable to the difference in proton solvation. The autoprotolysis constant of GBL, roughly estimated by a rapid titration with a Si(3)N(4)-ISFET, was about 30 on the pK(SH) scale. A comparative study was made of the response speeds of the Ta(2)O(5)- and Si(3)N(4)-type pH-ISFETs and a conventional pH-glass electrode. The result was Si(3)N(4)-ISFET > Ta(2)O(5)-ISFET > glass electrode. Because GBL is not stable against acids and bases, the use of pH-ISFETs was much more convenient than the use of the conventional glass electrode.     

Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Luminescence Property of a 2D Mn（II） Coordination Polymer Based on Isoniazid

A novel 2D Mn(Ⅱ) coordination polymer [Mn(CH3COO)2(INH)]n(INH=isoniazid) has been synthesized in DMF solution with isoniazid and Mn(CH3COO)2 . The polymer was characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, FTIR and X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD). The crystal belongs to the monoclinic system, space group P2 1 /c with a=9.3251(18), b=16.340(3), c=8.8096(17) , β=94.747(3)°, V=1337.7(4) 3 , Z=4, μ(MoKα)=1.006 mm -1 , F(000)=636, R=0.0754 and wR=0.1375 (I > 2σ(I)). In the complex, each Mn(Ⅱ) atom is coordinated to three CH3COO- groups and two INH ligands. The Mn(Ⅱ) atoms locate in a distorted coordination octahedron and are bridged by CH3COO- ions to form a 1D S shaped chain extending along the c direction. The INH molecules act as bridges to link the Mn(Ⅱ) atoms of adjacent chains and further construct a lamellar polymer. The remaining coordination site is occupied by an O atom of the other CH3COO-. The experimental results show that the title complex has good luminescence property and could be used as potential optical materials.     

Spectrophotometric study of the effects of surfactants and ethanol on the acidity constants of fluorescein

In the present paper, a sensitive, fast and suitable method for the calculation of pK(a) values of fluorescein is proposed. The effects of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and Triton X-100 (TX-100) as a surface-active agent on the acidic and basic forms, and the spectral properties of fluorescein were studied by the spectrophotometric method. The study was performed in sub-micelle surfactant concentration, and absorption spectra at 300-550 nm intervals were recorded. Stepwise acidity constants of fluorescein at pH range 1.50-10.00 and at constant ionic strength 0.1M and 25 degrees C were determined using DATAN program using pH-spectrophotometric titration data. The method is efficient, however the component spectra showed intensive overlapping. The calculated acidity constants of fluorescein in water at ionic strength 0.1 are pK(a1)=2.20, pK(a2)=4.30 and pK(a3)=6.43. The acidity constants of the dye in ethanol-water solution were studied by the same procedure. Effect of surfactants and ethanol on acidity constants and pure spectrum of each component are also discussed.     

Spectral and thermal studies for some transition metal complexes of bis(benzylthiocarbohydrazone) focusing on EPR study for Cu(II) and VO2+

The coordination behavior of bis (benzylthiocarbohydrazone) as a macrocyclic ligand (H(2)BBTC), towards Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) nitrates, Cd(II) and Pt(IV) chlorides as well as VO(2+) sulphate has been investigated. The elemental analysis, magnetic moments, spectral (UV-vis, IR, (1)H NMR and EPR) with thermal studies were used to characterize the isolated complexes. The IR spectra showed that the ligand acts as a binegative hexadentate donor through NH groups and thiol S atoms. Electronic and magnetic data proposed the octahedral structure for all complexes under investigation, except VO(2+), is a square-pyramidal geometry. EPR spectra for VO(2+) and Cu(II) reveal data confirmed the proposed structures. The ionization constants (pK(1)=8.3 and pK(2)=7.7) of the ligand and the stability constants of its complexes in solution were determined. The TG analysis for most complexes supports the absence of solvent molecules in or out the coordination sphere through the high thermal stability observed on the thermal curves for the investigated complexes.     

The effect of pyridinecarboxylate chelating groups on the stability and electronic relaxation of gadolinium complexes

The ligand N,N'-bis[(6-carboxy-2-pyridylmethyl]ethylenediamine-N,N'-diacetic acid (H(4)bpeda) was synthesised using an improved procedure which requires a reduced number of steps and leads to a higher yield with respect to the published procedure. It was obtained in three steps from diethylpyridine-2,6-dicarboxylate and commercially available ethylenediamine-N,N[prime or minute]-diacetic acid with a total yield of approximately 20%. The crystal structure of the hexa-protonated form of the ligand which was determined by X-ray diffraction shows that the four carboxylates and the two amines are protonated. The crystal structure of the polynuclear complex [Gd(bpeda)(H(2)O)(2)](3)[Gd(H(2)O)(6)](2)Cl(3)(2), isolated by slow evaporation of a 1:1 mixture of GdCl(3) and H(4)bpeda at pH approximately 1, was determined by X-ray diffraction. In complex three [Gd(bpeda)(H(2)O)(2)] units, containing a Gd(III) ion ten-coordinated by the octadentate bpeda and two water molecules, are connected in a pentametallic structure by two hexa-aquo Gd(3+) cations through four carboxylato bridges. The protonation constants (pK(a1)= 2.9(1), pK(a2)= 3.5(1), pK(a3)= 5.2(2), and pK(a4)= 8.5(1)) and the stability constants of the complexes formed between Gd(III) and Ca(II) ions and H(4)bpeda (log beta(GdL)= 15.1(3); log beta(CaL)= 9.4(1)) were determined by potentiometric titration. The unexpected decrease in the stability of the gadolinium complex and of the calcium complex of the octadentate ligand bpeda(4-) with respect to the hexadentate ligand edta(4-) has been interpreted in terms of an overall lower contribution to stability of the metal-nitrogen interactions. The EPR spectra display very broad lines (apparent DeltaH(pp) approximately 800-1200 G at X-band and 90-110 G at Q-band depending on the temperature), indicating a rapid transverse electron spin relaxation. At X-band, Gd(bpeda) is among the fastest relaxing Gd(3+) complexes to date suggesting that the presence of pyridinecarboxylate chelating groups in itself does not lead to slow electron relaxation.