皮毛加工业废水治理的常用技术与展望

简要介绍了皮毛加工业生产工艺及废水排污特点,重点介绍了皮毛加工企业处理综合废水的混凝沉淀或气浮+接触氧化法、混凝沉淀+A/O法、混凝沉淀+二级A/O法、混凝沉淀或气浮+A2/O+A/O法等几种常用治理技术,详细总结了这几种治理技术的优缺点和适用方向,并对今后皮毛加工业废水治理中污染物的资源化和循环利用等方面进行了展望分析,希望对广大皮毛加工企业以及环保治理单位起到很好的借鉴和参考作用。     

顺酐生产中废水治理方法的改进

目前普遍应用的两种顺酐废水治理方法,生物法和传统真空蒸发法,都存在着运行成本高和不能将废水中有用物质充分回收的缺点.经过对传统真空蒸发法的改进和完善,使顺酐废水的治理既达到零排放的目的,又回收生产了富马酸合格产品,创造了经济效益.     

水体重金属污染的生态效应与防治对策

水体重金属污染已成为全球性的环境问题，本文主要介绍了水体重金属污染对水生植物、水生动物的致毒作用和人体健康的危害，同时，就水体重金属污染的防治对策作了探讨。水体重金属污染的防治途径主要包括两方面，即：源头控制和工程治理。工程治理的方法主要有物理处理法、化学处理法和生物处理法．其中生物处理法具有较好的应用前景。     

离子交换法在治理含镉废水中的应用

本文综述了离子交换法治理含镉废水的原理、工艺条件和过程,并列举了一些应用实例。     

基于职教云与易思在线的水污染治理技术课程混合式教学实践与成效

鉴于水污染治理技术物理法、化学法、生物法及物理化学法的各自特征,在教学实践中结合在线课程资源,融合虚拟仿真网络平台,构建了基于职教云与易思在线双平台的混合式教学模式。同时开展化学实验实训,多渠道多方位引导学习,全面培养学生技术技能,提高了教学改革的效果。     

离子交换法在治理含钼废水中的应用

本文综合介绍了离子交换法治理含钼废水的机理、影响因素。并列举了Ｄ３８０、ＳＷ３０５、Ｄ２９０、Ｗ—３０５Ｃ、３０４Ａ等大孔离子交换树脂处理含钼废水的工艺流程和参数。     

Fe—C层加催化剂治理制药废水中有机污染物新方法研究

本文以常温常压下,固定管长比,管内装活性炭——铁屑为滤层、控制废水流速及加入催化剂为实验处理条件,测定了四环素制药厂综合废水（总排放口取）、结晶提炼车间废水和四环素提浓车间母液三种废水在处理前后的ｐＨ、色度、浊度、ＣＯＤｃｒ值及四环素和部分有机杂质浓度的变化,通过与水解－生物氧化－絮凝法治理工艺作经济效益的初步对比,得出此法是一种投资较少、效益较高的切实可行的抗生素制药厂废水治理新方法。     

DeNO_χ催化剂研究进展

氮氧化物的脱除是空气污染治理的一个难题。催化分解法及催化还原法是目前研究较多的脱除氮氧化物的方法，本文介绍了这两类催化剂的研究历史，现状及应用前景。     

环保部印发新国标 饮用水水源保护区划分技术更加规范

正为贯彻《中华人民共和国环境保护法》、《中华人民共和国水污染防治法》,加强集中式饮用水水源地环境保护和治理、防范饮用水水源污染风险,保障饮用水安全,近日,环保部印发了《饮用水水源保护区划分技术规范》(HJ 338-2018)。本标准规定了地表水饮用水水源保护区、地下水饮用水水源保护区划分基本方法、定界、饮用水     

DeNOx催化剂研究进展

氮氧化物的脱除是空气污染治理的一个难题，催化分解法及催化还原法是目前研究较多的脱除氮氧化物的方法，本文介绍了这两类催化剂的研究历史，现状及应用前景。     

镁铝层状超分子化合物去除废水中的六价铬

实验比较了Na_2CO_3/Na OH、Na OH和NH4OH沉淀法制备的镁铝层状化合物对模拟废水中Cr(Ⅵ)的去除效果,并通过X射线衍射和Brunauer-Emmett-Teller(BET)方法分析了材料的结构特征。结果表明,以Na_2CO_3/Na OH为沉淀剂制备的镁铝层状化合物结晶度高、层状结构完整、比表面积较大、孔径适宜、吸附Cr(Ⅵ)的效果最佳,其优化吸附工艺为:固液比为1 g/500 m L,体系pH值为7~9,室温下震荡9 h。在最佳吸附条件下,镁铝层状化合物对Cr(Ⅵ)的饱和吸附量达到199.4 mg/g。镁铝层状化合物通过与含铬阴离子形成层状超分子化合物的方式实现了废水中铬的去除,对含Cr(Ⅵ)226.1 mg/L的实验室废水经6次工艺处理后,残余量小于0.5 mg/L,低于国家污水综合排放标准(GB8978-1996)指标。镁铝层状化合物是一种处理实验室废水中Cr(Ⅵ)的优良吸附剂。     

Experimental Study on COD Composition and Electrochemical Degradation of Wastewater in Offshore Oilfields

Chemical oxygen demand (COD ) of standard discharge wastewater in offshore oilfields is an important part of oilfield wastewater treatment. Polymer‐containing oily wastewater from oilfields in Bohai Sea was taken as the subject of this study. Combined with wastewater treatment experiments, the major composition of COD such as oils, polymer, and chemical agents is studied. Under certain conditions, the two‐dimensional plug‐flow electrochemical reactor was used to treat wastewater, and a linear relation between COD and concentration was established in the low concentration range. A preliminary study was carried out on the main factors of COD removal, and the results show that, compared to the polymer, oils are more easily electrolyzed whereas the chemical agents are more difficult to be electrolyzed. The highest COD removal by electrochemical treatment of wastewater was 75.34%, and the residual COD in wastewater was mainly contributed by the chemical agents and polymer that were not degraded completely.     

Electrodegradation of Acid Mixture Dye through the Employment of Cu/Fe Macro-Corrosion Galvanic Cell in Na2SO4 Synthetic Wastewater

Traditional wastewater purification processes are based on a combination of physical, chemical, and biological methods; however, typical electrochemical techniques for removing pollutants require large amounts of electrical energy. In this study, we report on a process of wastewater purification, through continuous anodic dissolution of iron anode for aerated Cu/Fe galvanic cell in synthetic Na₂SO₄ wastewater solution. Electrochemical experiments were conducted by means of a laboratory size electrolyzer, where electrocoagulation along with electrooxidation phenomena were examined for wastewater containing Acid Mixture dye. The above was visualized through the employment of electrochemical (cyclic voltammetry and ac impedance spectroscopy techniques) along with instrumental spectroscopy analyses.     

Utilization of Cr(VI) solutions with steel shavings

New single-stage method was developed for chemical utilization of wastewater containing 0.25 to 400 g L^–1 of chromium in terms of chromium anhydride with the us of sulfuric acid and steel cuttings. The method makes it possible to convert hexavalent chromium into easily used ferrochromium precipitates. It was found that there occur periodic synchronous concentration fluctuations of Cr(VI) and Cr(III) up to, respectively, 400 g L^–1 and 150 mg L^–1 in the course of reduction of hexavalent chromium with the use of steel cuttings in sulfuric acid solutions.     

Heavy metals in industrial wastewater determined by radionuclide X-ray fluorescence analysis and their effects onAllium cepa root tip cells

Radionuclide X-ray fluorescence method was used in the determination of Cr, Ni and other heavy metals content in wastewater of an engineering plant taken both before and after chemical treatment. Toxic effects of the wastewaters usingAllium cepa root tip cells were tested.     

The preparation of supported ionic liquids (SILs) and their application in rare metals separation

This review summarizes the preparation methods of support ionic liquids (SILs) and their applications in rare metals separation. The rare metals separation includes the recovery of high value metal ions and the removal of heavy metal ions from wastewater. SILs can be used as a kind of highly efficient multifunctional separation materials. The preparation methods of SILs include chemical immobilization technique in which ILs moieties are supported on solid supports via covalent bonds and physical immobilization techniques in which ILs are immobilized on solid supports via physical method such as simple im- pregnation, sol-gel method. According to the difference of solid supports, this review summarizes the application of polymer supported ionic liquids (P-SILs), silica based material supported ionic liquids (SM-SILs) and membrane supported ionic liq- uids (M-SILs) in rare metals separation. P-SILs and SM-SILs prepared by chemical method with N-methylimidazolium group can be used as highly efficient anion exchangers with high thermal stability and good chemical stability for adsorption of Cr(VI), Re(VII), Ce(IV). P-SILs prepared via simple impregnation afforded IL functionalized solvent impregnated resins (SIRs) which showed high separation efficiency and selectivity in the separation of rare earths(III) (REs(III)). SM-SILs prepared via sol-gel method with IL doped in the support as porogens or extractant show high removal efficiencies and excellent stability for the separation of RE(III), Cr(III) and Cr(VI). M-SILs with IL as plasticizer or carrier show improved stability, high perme- ability coefficient and good selectivity for Cr(VI) transport. Different supports and different supporting methods were suffi- ciently compared. Based on the different practical application, different forms of SILs can be prepared for separation of rare metals with high separation efficiency and selectivity.     

处理含铅废水的现状及研究进展

废水中的铅严重危害环境及人体的健康,如何处理含铅废水引起了很多科研人员的重视。本文综述了近年来处理含铅废水的研究进展,详细介绍了吸附法、膜分离法、离子液体萃取法、化学沉淀法、电解法、电絮凝法、微生物絮凝法和植物修复法等处理含铅废水的现状,分析了各种处理方法的优缺点,并展望了未来深度处理含铅废水的发展趋势。     

军用化工企业含氮废水处理工艺研究

采用厌氧——缺氧——SBR微生物生化处理组合工艺,研究了双基（含双基混合酯）球扁药含氮废水处理技术,通过菌种驯化,实现了高盐浓度、高CODCr含量废水经处理后达标排放,CODCr的总去除率达到97．7％,质量浓度降到96mg／L;BOD5总去除率达到了98．O％,质量浓度降到28mg／L;SS的总去除率达到94．4％,质量浓度降到了9mg／L。     

Speciation of chromium in wastewater and sludge by extraction with liquid anion exchanger Amberlite LA-2 and electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry

A simple, integrated method for the speciation of chromium in wastewater and sewage sludge was developed, utilising liquid anion exchange by Amberlite LA-2 (LAES) and final determination by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS). Samples were filtered through a 0.45 μm membrane filter and chromium species were determined in filtered water samples and in sludge on the filters. In the former case (filtrate), total Cr was determined directly by ETAAS, while for the determination of Cr(VI) the filtrate was buffered to pH 6.4, extracted with LAES and Cr(VI) was determined in the organic extract. Cr(III) was determined by the difference. In the latter case (filter), the filters were leached with an alkaline buffer solution (pH 12.7) and the supernatant was subjected to the same extraction procedure. For the determination of total leachable Cr, the filters were subjected to acid leaching with dilute HNO₃ (pH 1) and the supernatant was subjected to ETAAS, after appropriate dilution with water. Then, Cr(III) was determined by the difference. The limits of detection (LOD) were 0.39 and 0.45 μg l⁻¹ for total Cr and Cr(VI), respectively, in the dissolved phase and 2.10 and 0.87 ng g⁻¹ for total Cr and Cr(VI) in the suspended solids. The recoveries of total Cr and Cr(VI) in filtrated wastewater samples and filters were quantitative, ranged from 93 to 106%. The effect of time and temperature of sonication and suspended solids concentration on total Cr and Cr(VI) recovery was studied. No significant difference in recoveries was obtained for sonication temperatures between 30 and 70 °C. However, sonication time equal to or higher than 30 min and concentration of suspended solids equal to or less than 30 mg significantly improved Cr recovery. The ETAAS program for the determination of Cr(VI) in Amberlite/MIBK extract was carefully optimised in the absence of a chemical modifier to avoid memory effects. The developed analytical method was applied for the determination of chromium species in wastewater and suspended solids of a municipal and a lab-scale wastewater treatment plant.     

硝酸盐型卤水体系的综合热力学模型与多温相图预测

硝酸盐型卤水是盐湖卤水、 硝酸盐工业、 废水处理中普遍遇到的电解质溶液体系. 硝酸盐具有极高的溶解度, 实现硝酸盐型复杂电解质体系物性和相平衡的精准热力学表达依然具有挑战性. 以煤化工废水的典型体系Na⁺//NO₃^- , Cl^-, SO₄^{2 -} -H₂O为对象, 以改进的eNRTL模型为基础, 由活度系数模型、 溶液物性模型、 物种热力学模型和固液相平衡模型构成了电解质体系的综合热力学模型. 利用二元体系的冰点、 饱和蒸汽压、 等压摩尔热容、 活度系数和渗透压系数等物性数据和三元体系等温相平衡数据, 采用多目标优化方法, 获得了表达研究体系的多温特性的12组液相特征参数和7个固相物种的热力学参数. 据此完成了3个二元体系、 3个三元体系等温相平衡的准确计算和三元、 四元完整相图的预测, 适用温度达到实验所及的全部温度范围(254.65~543.15 K); 适用浓度达到饱和程度, 其中NaNO₃的浓度高达226.88 mol/kg. 三元、 四元体系的多温相图预测结果与实验数据相吻合, 并给出了9个三元、 5个四元体系零变点的完整信息.