高温超导电缆节能环保与经济可行性分析

人们对电能需求的持续增长,促使电网输电密度和输电容量逐渐增大,传统的输电技术将遇到越来越多的问题,这个矛盾在大城市中显得尤为突出。高温超导电缆具有传输容量大和功率密度高等优势,是解决这些问题和满足未来大容量电力传输的重要技术之一。文中在介绍高温超导电缆的基本结构和发展现状的基础上,研究其在节能环保和经济方面的优势;并以北京为例,分析了高温超导电缆在大城市中应用的可行性。     

高温超导电缆研究进展综述

人们对电能需求的持续增长,促使电网输电密度和输电容量逐渐增大,传统的输电技术将遇到越来越多的问题。高温超导电缆具有传输容量大和功率密度高等优势,是解决这些问题和满足未来大容量电力传输的重要技术之一。在综合分析国内外大量文献资料的基础上,介绍高温超导电缆的基本结构、发展现状和关键技术,总结制约其工业化应用过程当中面对的主要问题,并提出了高温超导电缆的发展建议。     

高温超导直流电缆现状

文中对高温超导直流电缆现状进行了介绍。高温超导直流电缆是用于直流输电的高温超导电缆。高温超导直流电缆发展相对落后于高温超导交流电缆,国际上示范项目也较少。但随着轻型直流输电应用的逐渐发展,高温超导直流电缆越来越引起人们的重视。高温超导直流电缆的本体结构和高温超导交流电缆本体结构类似。高温超导直流电缆具有输电损耗小、适合长距离输电、增加电网稳定等功能。比较适用于背靠背直流输电,工业直流输电,互联网数据中心直流供电,远距离、大容量直流输电等场合。此外,还介绍了目前国际上主要的超导直流电缆项目及研究机构情况。     

高温超导电缆在城市地下输电系统应用的可行性研究

本文通过对交流高温超导电缆系列设计计算对额定电压35kV、110kV、220kV的高温超导电缆,按不同传输电流(或传输容量),以高温超导电缆的传输效率(损耗与传输容量比)、高温超导电缆外径限值和超导导体绕制结构限制条件,确定高温超导电缆适用性界定条件,提出城市地下输电、配电系统用高温超导电缆可行方案.     

焊接高温超导叠型电缆电流分布的研究

第二代高温超导带材具有较好的电磁特性和机械性能,在未来高场螺线管磁体和高场加速器磁体等领域具有极大的发展潜力.通过测量焊接高温超导叠型电缆在液氮温度自场下,临界电流测量值与电压抽头位置的关系,以研究电缆内部电流分布.实验结果表明,当电流逐渐增大时,电缆内部沿堆叠方向不同位置,电压数值不同,说明电缆内部电流非均匀分布,靠...     

不同热处理条件下Bi-2212超导线材的临界性能研究

Bi-2212高温超导材料在4.2K具有优异的磁场载流性能,并且是目前高温超导材料当中唯一可制备成各向同性圆线的材料,可以绞制成大电流的CICC电缆,也是大型超强磁场磁体的首选材料之一。高压热处理技术可以大幅提高材料超导性能。临界电流与n值是超导导线的主要性能参数。本文测量了两组分别经过常压和高压热处理的超导线在不同背景磁场中的临界电流和n值。测试所用Bi-2212导线是以Ag和Ag/Mg合金为基体,采用粉末装管法制备而成,两组导线在890℃下经不同压强热处理。从对比的数据中定性地分析热处理压强和超导线性能之间的关系。     

高温超导限流电缆研究现状与发展趋势综述

高温超导限流电缆是一种新型超导电缆,充分利用了第二代高温超导体的优势,在电力系统正常和故障状态时分别表现低阻抗载流和高阻抗限流特性。高温超导限流电缆集成了超导电缆与超导限流器两种超导电力装备的功能。对于超导电缆和超导限流器,分别都有相关研究综述,而对于高温超导限流电缆缺乏系统性综述研究。从高温超导限流电缆的原理与结构出发,综述国内外有关高温超导限流电缆的研究现状,针对面临的技术问题进行分析。总结出高温超导限流电缆动态电流分布、载流限流瞬态变化过程、高温超导限流电缆接入到电力系统的新拓扑结构等关键技术和基础科学问题,获得了高温超导限流电缆未来的发展方向和趋势。     

超导变电站的研究综述

高温超导电力技术的发展使得建设超导变电站具有了可行性,超导变电站是包含高温超导磁储能系统、高温超导限流器、高温超导电缆和高温超导变压器等超导装置的一种新型变电站。超导变电站的应用将使变电站成为电网中柔性坚强、清洁高效、安全可靠的支撑节点,这将对智能电网的建设有重大的意义。在深入研究高温超导电力技术发展情况的基础上,阐述了超导变电站相比传统变电站的优越性、发展超导变电站的技术基础、超导变电站应用的技术难点,并对超导变电站的发展做出了展望。     

高温超导电缆在故障状态下的温升计算

为了更好地研究高温超导电缆在电力系统中的暂态过程,有必要研究高温超导电缆温升情况。从高温超导电缆的结构出发,分析了高温超导电缆的温度特性,建立了故障状态下高温超导电缆温度分布的数学计算模型,并通过MATLAB仿真软件对220kV高温超导电缆模型进行了仿真计算。结果表明高温超导电缆超导层与屏蔽层温度在系统发生三相短路时瞬间增大,但随着故障的解除而减小;超导层与屏蔽层电阻在瞬间增大之后会随温度的增大而增大。结果验证了所提出的电缆温度数学模型的可行性。     

高温超导强电应用研究进展与展望

评述了目前高温超导材料强电应用研究的进展,着重介绍了故障电流限制器(FCL)、输电电缆、变压器等热点项目,以及美国在军事方面的应用动向,对高温超导强电应用前景进行了展望。     

Comparative study on the critical current performance of Bi-2223/Ag and YBCO wires in low magnetic fields at liquid nitrogen temperature

A comparative study on the critical current performance of Bi-2223/Ag and YBCO coated conductor wires in low magnetic fields at liquid nitrogen temperature was carried out in this work. Five commercial high temperature superconductor wires from different manufacturers were collected. Their critical currents were measured in magnetic fields, ranging from 0 to 0.4 T. On contrary to the common conception, the Bi-2223/Ag samples had better performance than YBCO coated conductor samples in the magnetic fields parallel to the wide surface of superconducting wires within the experimental scope. We also found similar results by collecting the concerned datum from the published literatures to confirm our measurement results. At the present stage, this fact made that the Bi-2223/Ag wires might be the preferred choice for the applications with mainly low parallel fields involved, unless other considerations were prioritized.     

超导电力技术新进展及其未来发展的思考

近年来高温超导材料研究取得很大进展,它在电力领域的应用研究已受到广泛关注,一些示范样机,诸如高温超导输电电缆、变压器、故障电流限制器、电机和储能装置已经研制成功并投入示范性试验.超导技术是21世纪具有战略经济意义的高新技术,文章将介绍高温超导电力应用研究的新进展及其未来发展的思考。     

Towards Faster FEM Simulation of Thermo-Electromagnetic Properties of HTS Bulk in Travelling Magnetic Fields Using a Novel Approach北大核心CSCD

A detailed knowledge about the thermal and electromagnetic properties of high-temperature superconducting (HTS) bulk subject to travelling magnetic fields is crucial for their performance improvement in the electric machines. We proposed a novel approach to calculate the electromagnetic and temperature distribution without compromising to the precision. Temperature-dependent modeling of the HTS bulk subject to the travelling magnetic fields generated by a conventional copper-based stator is built. The model is characterized by the nonlinearE-J power law of superconducting material and H-formulation to analyze the effect of frequency and amplitude of travelling magnetic fields on equilibrium temperature inside the HTS bulk and its thermo-electromagnetic phenomena involving electromagnetic fields and temperature field distributions are also calculated. Last, we compared both results of the novel approach and conventional one considerate all geometry including HTS bulk, copper windings, iron core and air to verify our proposed model.     

Japanese efforts on coated conductor processing and its power applications: New 5 year project for materials and power applications of coated conductors (M-PACC)

Five years of Japanese national project (FY2003–FY2007) was ended last spring with remarkable success. The national project was originally aimed for development of coated conductors which have high superconductivity performance and long length enough to fabricate high temperature superconducting (HTS) electric power devices. Preliminary research and development of HTS electric power devices were carried out as well. A series of R&D results will be summarized and reviewed in this paper.The new 5 years Japanese national project has started last June (FY2008–FY2012) to develop HTS electric power applications including SMES, cables and transformers and to develop/produce coated conductors satisfying the requirements from the respective power devices. Collaborative R&D efforts by national laboratories, universities and private companies have been started with the supports of NEDO and METI.The accomplishment of the previous project will be summarized and the plans and goals of the new project will be presented in this paper.     

高温超导电缆终端的研究与开发

简单介绍了高温超导电缆的终端的基本结构特点与作用等 ;并主要介绍了工业化国家中美国、日本、丹麦等所研制的 HTS电缆终端以及目前我们所研制的终端情况。     

0.7 Structure and zero bias anomaly in ballistic hole quantum wires

We study the anomalous conductance plateau around G=0.7(2e2/h) and the zero bias anomaly in ballistic hole quantum wires with respect to in-plane magnetic fields applied parallel B parallel and perpendicular B perpendicular to the quantum wire. As seen in electron quantum wires, the magnetic fields shift the 0.7 structure down to G=0.5(2e2/h) and simultaneously quench the zero bias anomaly. However, these effects are strongly dependent on the orientation of the magnetic field, owing to the highly anisotropic effective Landé g-factor g* in hole quantum wires. Our results highlight the fundamental role that spin plays in both the 0.7 structure and zero bias anomaly.     

二代高温超导带材的机械特性研究进展

以 YBCO(YBa2Cu3 O7 -δ ) 为代表的二代高温超导带材因具有高临界转变温度、 高临界磁场和强载流能力,受到了国际学界高度关注, 在各个领域具有广泛的应用前景. 二代高温超导带材在绕制、 冷却和运行过程中会受到不同来源的外力作用, 且超导带材的韧性、 延展性较差, 因此其机械性能是影响安全性与设备运行可靠性的关键.本文基于二代超导带材各向异性的特点, 对超导带材轴向、 横向、 弯曲三个方向的静态机械性能及疲劳性能进行了介绍. 同时, 也对超导带材各方向机械性能的测试方法、 影响因素及机理进行了总结     

Low field microwave absorption and magnetization process in CoFeNi electroplated wires

Ferromagnetic resonance （FMR）, Ferromagnetic antirresonance （FMAR） and low field magnetoimpedance （MI） are the characteristic features of high frequency losses in applied fields. While some results on FMR and FMAR in CoFeNi electroplated wires were reported earlier, here we present microwave absorption in CuBe wires electroplated by 1 μm FeCoNi magnetic layer at very low fields. These data are comparatively analysed together with longitudinal hysteresis loops in order to reveal the correlation between power absorption and magnetization processes. Microwave studies are made by using the cavity perturbation method at 9.65 GHz for a DC field parallel to the sample axis, and with microwave magnetic field hrf parallel or perpendicular to the wire axis. Two peaks have been observed in all samples, one is due to FMR, and the other is, at very low fields, related to MI. The MI peaks represent minima in power absorption. By comparing with the hysteresis loop we remark the close correspondence between the MI phenomena in the axial mode and the concomitant magnetization process.     

Development of YBCO power devices in Japan

A new Japanese national project, called M-PACC, to develop high temperature superconducting electric power devices started in June last year (FY2008–FY2012). This project aims to develop three different types of electric power devices that are expected to provide stable power supplies with large capacity and small size by using YBCO coated conductors. The first program is the development of a 2 GJ class superconducting magnetic energy storage system to control stable electric power systems. It is planned to develop several sets of element coils for a 20 MJ class system as a technological feasibility study for a 2 GJ class coil. The second program is the development of two different types of power cables with higher performance than existing power cables; one is a three-core 66 kV–5 kA class large current cable and the other is a single-phase 275 kV–3 kA class high voltage cable. These cable were required several technological developments, namely, large current and low AC loss, high voltage insulation and low dielectric loss, and power and heat balance for both cables. The third program is the development of a 20 MVA class power transformer with 66 kV/6.9 kV as a distribution transformer. In this project, power transformer systematization technology including 2 kA class large current coil technology, anti short-circuit wire winding technology, AC loss reduction technology, and winding technology will be developed.     

Effects of Crossed Electric and Magnetic Fields on Shallow Donor Impurity Binding Energy in a Parabolic Quantum Well

We have calculated variationally the ground state binding energy of a hydrogenic donor impurity in a parabolic quantum well in the presence of crossed electric and magnetic fields. These homogeneous crossed fields are such that the magnetic field is parallel to the heterostructure layers and the electric field is applied perpendicular to the magnetic field. The dependence of the donor impurity binding energy to the well width and the strength of the electric and magnetic fields are discussed. We hope that the obtained results will provide important improvements in device applications, especially for a suitable choice of both fields in the narrow well widths.