叶栅内定常及非定常粘性流动数值模拟

本文给出了一个模拟叶栅内准三维定常和非定常粘性流动的数值方法。对于定常流动,采用ＴＶＤ Ｌａｘ－Ｗｅｎｄｒｏｆｆ格式和代数湍流模型求解雷诺平均Ｎａｖｉｅｒ－Ｓｔｏｋｅｓ方程,使用当地时间步长和多网格技术使计算加速收敛到定常状态;对于非定常流动,使用双时间步长和全隐式离散,采用与求解定常流动相似的多网格方法求解隐式离散方程。文中给出了ＶＫＩ透平叶栅内的定常流结果和１．５级透平叶栅内的非定常数值结果。     

Numerical simulation of pulsation processes in hydraulic turbine based on 3D model of cavitating flow

A new approach was proposed for simulation of unsteady cavitating flow in the flow passage of a hydraulic power plant. 1D hydro-acoustics equations are solved in the penstock domain. 3D equations of turbulent flow of isothermal compressible liquid-vapor mixture are solved in the turbine domain. Cavitation is described by a transfer equation for liquid phase with a source term which is responsible for evaporation and condensation. The developed method was applied for simulation of pulsations in pressure, discharge, and total energy propagating along the flow conduit of the hydraulic power plant. Simulation results are in qualitative and quantitative agreement with experiment. The influence of key physical and numerical parameters like discharge, cavitation number, penstock length, time step, and vapor density on simulation results was studied.     

Investigation of the unstable flow phenomenon in a pump turbine

Instability of pump turbine with S-shaped curve is characterized by large fluctuations of rotational speed during the transient processes.For investigating this phenomenon,a numerical model based on the dynamic sliding mesh method(DSSM)is presented and used to numerically solve the 3D transient flow which is characterized by the variable rotation speed of runner.The method is validated by comparison with measured data for a load rejection process in a prototype pump turbine.The results show that the calculated rotation speed agrees well with the experimental data.Based on the validated model,simulations were performed for the runaway process using an artificially assumed operating condition under which the unstable rotation speed is expected to appear.The results confirm that the instability of runner rotational speed can be effectively captured with the proposed method.Presented results include the time history profiles of unit flow rate and unit rotating speed.The internal flow characteristics in a typical unstable period are discussed in detail and the mechanism of the unstable hydraulic phenomenon is explained.Overall,the results suggest that the method presented here can be a viable alternative to predict the dynamic characteristics of pump turbines during transient processes.     

用多块多网格方法数值模拟三维粘性流动

本文给出了一个模拟三维粘性流动的数值方法．该方法来用高分辨率 ＴＶＤ Ｌａｘ－Ｗｅｎｄｒｏｆｆ格式求解三维雷诺平均Ｎａｖｉｅｒ－Ｓｔｏｋｅｓ方程，使用Ｂａｌｄｗｉｎ－Ｌｏｍａｘ模型估计湍流粘性系数，用多重网格技术加速收敛，采用多块结构化网格处理复杂的物理域．文中给出了叶轮机械多个叶片排和透平排汽缸内的全三维粘性流动的数值结果．     

基于LBM方法的风力发电机尾流结构仿真

针对传统CFD数值计算方法难以实现风力机动态旋转及其旋转状态下的流固耦合计算,本文结合格子玻尔兹曼(LBM)方法易于处理动态复杂边界的特点及大涡模拟(LES)方法在非稳态涡流结构捕捉上的优势,采用LBM-LES联合方法进行三维风力发电机整机气动性能及尾流结构仿真研究,同时采用尺度自适应方法对尾涡结构进行跟踪和精细化计算。针对NREL PhaseⅥ型试验机进行模拟,得到了与实验结果吻合的流动形态及尾流结构演变规律,分析了尾流区速度演变规律并对比了不同亚格子湍流模型对计算结果的影响.     

对旋轴流水轮机的非定常数值模拟研究

为了研究采用对旋转轮的新型轴流式水轮机的非定常性能,应用三维非定常数值计算方法,对该新型水轮机进行了数值模拟研究.数值计算中,采用了全三维全流道的数值计算方法,基于DES(Detached Eddy Simulation)方法获得了对旋轴流水轮机的非定常流场和能量性能.计算结果显示,该新型水轮机在一个转动周期的不同时刻,其内部流场存在显著的非定常特性.     

Integrating 1D and 2D hydrodynamic,sediment transport model for dam-break flow using finite volume method

The purpose of this study is to set up a dynamically linked 1D and 2D hydrodynamic and sediment transport models for dam break flow.The 1D-2D coupling model solves the generalized shallow water equations,the non-equilibrium sediment transport and bed change equations in a coupled fashion using an explicit finite volume method.It considers interactions among transient flow,strong sediment transport and rapid bed change by including bed change and variable flow density in the flow continuity and momentum equations.An unstructured Quadtree rectangular grid with local refinement is used in the 2D model.The intercell flux is computed by the HLL approximate Riemann solver with shock captured capability for computing the dry-to-wet interface for all models.The effects of pressure and gravity are included in source term in this coupling model which can simplify the computation and eliminate numerical imbalance between source and flux terms.The developed model has been tested against experimental and real-life case of dam-break flow over fix bed and movable bed.The results are compared with analytical solution and measured data with good agreement.The simulation results demonstrate that the coupling model is capable of calculating the flow,erosion and deposition for dam break flows in complicated natural domains.     

A level-set continuum method for two-phase flows with insoluble surfactant

A level-set continuum surface force method is presented to compute two-phase flows with insoluble surfactant. Our method recasts the Navier–Stokes equations for a two-phase flow with insoluble surfactant as “one-fluid” formulation. Interfacial transport and interfacial jump conditions are treated using the level-set method and the discrete Dirac function. Based on the density-weighted projection method, a stable semi-implicit scheme is used to decouple the velocity components in solving the regularized Navier–Stokes equations. It allows numerical simulations for a wide range of viscosity ratios and density ratios.Numerical simulations on single drop deformation in a 2D shear flow are presented. Simulations on two drop interaction shows that surfactants can play a critical role in preventing drop coalescence. A fully 3D simulation demonstrating the physical interactions of multiple surfactant-laden drops is presented.     

四级涡轮多叶片排三元N-S解网络并行计算

在科学与工程计算国家重点实验室SGI工作站网络上，基于PVM并行软件平台，发展了多叶片三元N-S解并行计算程序，对一四级动力涡轮内部流场进行了计算和初步分析．     

混流式水轮机准三元流动分析及性能予估基础上的水电站过渡过程仿真

本文根据电站参数用计算机予设计转轮后进行其性能予估，并在此基础上进行过渡过程仿真，其结果与用实验得到的综合特性曲线进行仿真的计算结果比较，在较高效率区结果符合很好，低效率区有一定缺陷，但不失为一种在没有合适转轮及其综合特性曲线情况下进行电站过渡过程预测计算的方法。     

Numerical simulation of steady cavitating flow of viscous fluid in a Francis hydroturbine

Numerical technique was developed for simulation of cavitating flows through the flow passage of a hydraulic turbine. The technique is based on solution of steady 3D Navier—Stokes equations with a liquid phase transfer equation. The approch for setting boundary conditions meeting the requirements of cavitation testing standard was suggested. Four different models of evaporation and condensation were compared. Numerical simulations for turbines of different specific speed were compared with experiment.     

透平叶栅三维形状反问题研究

随着CFD技术的发展,基于伴随方法的求解Euler和NS方程的气动优化设计已成为流体力学形状反问题研究中的热门领域.本文应用该方法对透平叶栅进行三维气动优化设计,详细推导了Euler方程伴随系统的偏微分方程组及其各类边界条件,首次给出了透平内流伴随方程边界条件的具体形式,并给出伴随变量的物理意义.结合拟牛顿算法发展了三维透平叶栅形状反问题气动优化算法,并给出了算法的流程.     

Coordinated scheduling of electricity and natural gas infrastructures with a transient model for natural gas flow

This paper focuses on transient characteristics of natural gas flow in the coordinated scheduling of security-constrained electricity and natural gas infrastructures. The paper takes into account the slow transient process in the natural gas transmission systems. Considering their transient characteristics, natural gas transmission systems are modeled as a set of partial differential equations (PDEs) and algebraic equations. An implicit finite difference method is applied to approximate PDEs by difference equations. The coordinated scheduling of electricity and natural gas systems is described as a bi-level programming formulation from the independent system operator's viewpoint. The objective of the upper-level problem is to minimize the operating cost of electric power systems while the natural gas scheduling optimization problem is nested within the lower-level problem. Numerical examples are presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed solution and to compare the solutions for steady-state and transient models of natural gas transmission systems.     

低压蒸汽透平排汽缸内三维粘性流动的数值模拟

采用三维粘性流场求解软件Fine／TURBO[1]对低压蒸汽透平下游排汽缸内的复杂流动进行数值模拟。计算中使用了Jameson的Runge-Kutta中心差分格式[2]和Baldwin-Lomax的代数湍流模型、计算结果同部分实验结果进行了对比,表明数值模拟揭示了排汽缸内复杂的旋涡结构,以及影响排气缸内压力恢复和总压损失的主要因素。     

Thermal calculation for a furnace with three-tiered near-wall burners

The paper considers using a differential method for thermal calculation of a furnace with finding the thermal and aerodynamic parameters within the radiation chamber of a tube furnace. The furnace is equipped with acoustictype burners allocated in three tiers on the lateral walls. The method implies joint numerical solution of 2D radiation transfer equations using the S ₂-approximation of the discrete ordinate method, of energy equations, flow equations, k-ε turbulence model, and single-stage modeling of gas fuel combustion. Typical results of simulation are presented.     

基于流固耦合偏航工况下风力机输出功率的研究

为探索双向流固耦合与未耦合方法对偏航工况风力机输出功率的影响机制,以风力机偏航的Glauert动量定理为基础,基于双向流固耦合方法,采用理论推导与轴向流动过程相结合对输出功率进行分析,揭示了耦合与未耦合数值方法在压力场模拟的差异性、量化了轴向诱导因子对偏航工况输出功率的影响程度、总结了轴向速度分布情况。结果表明:未耦合的方法在一定程度上低估了吸力面压强的变化,耦合时风力机输出功率随偏航角增大的下降程度增大,且更接近实验功率,在偏航角10°时吻合度最高达99.4%;轴向诱导因子随输出功率的减小以0.5%的增幅增大,耦合方法的轴向诱导因子值大于未耦合方法;风轮后侧,随偏航角的增大轴向速度增大,且这种趋势沿叶展方向逐渐减弱。     

The MAST FV/FE scheme for the simulation of two-dimensional thermohaline processes in variable-density saturated porous media

A novel methodology for the simulation of 2D thermohaline double diffusive processes, driven by heterogeneous temperature and concentration fields in variable-density saturated porous media, is presented. The stream function is used to describe the flow field and it is defined in terms of mass flux. The partial differential equations governing system is given by the mass conservation equation of the fluid phase written in terms of the mass-based stream function, as well as by the advection–diffusion transport equations of the contaminant concentration and of the heat. The unknown variables are the stream function, the contaminant concentration and the temperature. The governing equations system is solved using a fractional time step procedure, splitting the convective components from the diffusive ones. In the case of existing scalar potential of the flow field, the convective components are solved using a finite volume marching in space and time (MAST) procedure; this solves a sequence of small systems of ordinary differential equations, one for each computational cell, according to the decreasing value of the scalar potential. In the case of variable-density groundwater transport problem, where a scalar potential of the flow field does not exist, a second MAST procedure has to be applied to solve again the ODEs according to the increasing value of a new function, called approximated potential. The diffusive components are solved using a standard Galerkin finite element method. The numerical scheme is validated using literature tests.     

A novel simulation theory and model system for multi-field coupling pipe-flow system

Due to the lack of a theoretical basis for multi-field coupling in many system-level models, a novel set of system-level basic equations for flow/heat transfer/combustion coupling is put forward. Then a finite volume model of quasi-1D transient flow field for multi-species compressible variable-cross-section pipe flow is established by discretising the basic equations on spatially staggered grids. Combining with the 2D axisymmetric model for pipe-wall temperature field and specific chemical reaction mechanisms, a finite volume model system is established; a set of specific calculation methods suitable for multi-field coupling system-level research is structured for various parameters in this model; specific modularisation simulation models can be further derived in accordance with specific structures of various typical components in a liquid propulsion system. This novel system can also be used to derive two sub-systems: a flow/heat transfer two-field coupling pipe-flow model system without chemical reaction and species diffusion; and a chemical equilibrium thermodynamic calculation-based multi-field coupling system. The applicability and accuracy of two sub-systems have been verified through a series of dynamic modelling and simulations in earlier studies. The validity of this system is verified in an air–hydrogen combustion sample system. The basic equations and the model system provide a unified universal theory and numerical system for modelling and simulation and even virtual testing of various pipeline systems.     

POWER FLOW ANALYSIS OF INDETERMINATE ROD/BEAM SYSTEMS USING A SUBSTRUCTURE METHOD

Based on the concepts of a subsystem structural dynamics approach, a general power flow analysis of an indeterminate vibrating system consisting of three rods is presented and discussed. This is achieved by complementing the normal dynamic equations with geometrical compatibility equations allowing assessment of power flow dynamic characteristics applied to and excited within the system. The method may be classified as a form of substructuring using free-free interface conditions. The displacement contribution of the external and boundary coupling forces is deduced, permitting the power flow between the interfaces of substructures to be determined. The method presented is used in a power flow analysis of a simple rod truss system and in a more complex system as demonstrated.     

涡轮过渡段气动性能数值优化

采用CFD数值模拟方法对中档功率燃气轮机燃气涡轮与动力涡轮之间的涡轮过渡段进行气动性能优化设计.在原始涡轮过渡段流道及承力支板基础上,新设计进口导流叶片,优化过渡段流道,并采用Numeca软件Design3D 优化平台计算机自动寻优,数值模拟相对比较说明,新设计的涡轮过渡段气动性能满足指标要求.涡轮过渡段承接燃气涡轮、...