CLBO单晶生长及性能研究

CsLiB₆O₁₀(简称CLBO)是一种性能优良的紫外非线性光学晶体，特别适用于四倍频(266 nm)和五倍频(210 nm)的紫外大功率激光。本文采用顶部籽晶法成功生长出尺寸为120 mm×112 mm×62 mm的CLBO晶体，晶体外观完整，无开裂、散射等宏观缺陷。由该晶体切出五倍频CLBO晶体元件，对其进行了紫外-可见-近红外透过率、光学均匀性、弱吸收性能表征，结果显示，210～1 800 nm的平均透过率超过90%,光学均匀性为3.8×10^-5,1 064 nm弱吸收为90×10^-6 cm^-1,表明该晶体紫外区透过率良好，光学均匀性高，弱吸收低，为后续相关激光应用研究奠定了基础。     

大尺寸CLBO单晶的生长和性质研究

本文对生长大尺寸硼酸铯锂(CsLiB6O10,简称CLBO)单晶的生长工艺进行了探索研究,采用顶部籽晶泡生法生长出尺寸为70×25mm的CLBO透明晶体.测量了晶体的干涉图,计算其折射率变化为Δn～1.2×10-5,晶体的光学质量接近于玻璃水平(～10-6).测量CLBO单晶的结构及其光学特性.用15mm×10mm×7mm的CLBO样品,在锁模Nd:YAG激光器上做倍频实验,获得了波长为532nm的倍频光,其转换效率高达60;以上.     

K3B6O10Br非线性光学晶体的生长及性质研究

采用顶部籽晶法,KF.2H2O-PbO复合助熔剂生长K3B6O10Br晶体,获得了18 mm×18 mm×10 mm尺寸的单晶。K3B6O10Br紫外透过截止边约为210 nm,粉末倍频效应为3倍KDP,利用德拜公式计算了阴离子基团的偶极矩。采用直角棱镜法测试了晶体折射率并拟合了Sellmeier方程。计算及实验表明,K3B6O10Br能够实现532 nm及355 nm倍频输出。对晶体的激光损伤阈值、硬度及潮解性进行了测试。     

掺杂BaAlBO3F2晶体的生长及性能研究

本文通过对BaAlBO3F2(BABF)晶体进行掺杂以增加晶体的双折射率,从而使BABF晶体的最短直接倍频波长紫移,拓宽其应用波段.研究发现Ga掺杂能够使BABF晶体的最短直接倍频波长从273 nm紫移至259.5 nm理论上能够实现四倍频(266 nm)激光输出.采用优化的B2O3-LiF-NaF助熔剂体系,通过中部籽晶法生长出尺寸为25 mm×20 mm×10 mm的Ba(Al,Ga) BO3F2晶体.对该晶体的透过光谱、光学均匀性、弱吸收、倍频匹配曲线、粉末倍频效应和激光损伤阈值的性能进行了表征,结果显示了该晶体在紫外波段激光输出的潜能.     

顶部籽晶法生长大尺寸CsLiB6O10晶体

以高纯硼酸、碳酸锂和碳酸铯为原料,摩尔比硼酸:碳酸锂:碳酸铯=11:1:1,采用顶部籽晶法,生长出尺寸为65 mm×22 mm×12 mm CsLiB6O10(CLBO)单晶,探讨了影响CLBO晶体生长的因素.对生长出的CLBO晶体的相关光学性质进行了研究.CLBO晶体的光学均匀性为3.6×10-5/cm,透过光谱表明该晶体的透光范围为185 nm到2790 nm,其紫外吸收边低于185 nm;用Maker干涉条纹测定了CLBO晶体的非线性光学系数为:d36(CLBO)=1.8d36(KDP).     

CLBO晶体的开裂机理及防开裂方法研究

CLBO晶体的开裂影响了这种性能优良的紫外倍频晶体的实际应用.如何防止晶体开裂,已成为研制CLBO晶体变频器件的关键问题之一.本文从分析CLBO晶体开裂的原因入手,探讨了晶体开裂的微观机理.在此基础上提出了防止晶体开裂的方法.使用溶胶凝胶法制备防潮薄膜,对晶体进行了防开裂实验,得到了初步的结果.     

新型非线性光学晶体硼酸铯锂的研究

本文用顶部籽晶泡生法生长了新型非线性晶体--硼酸铯锂(CLBO).获得了40mm的透明晶体,用非定向的CLBO晶体,初步获得二倍频转换效率η＝37;,获得335nm的激光输出1.3mJ.     

掺杂CLBO晶体的生长及性能研究

本文采用顶部籽晶泡生法进行掺杂CLBO晶体的生长及性能研究.分别掺入稀土离子Nd3+、Ce3+、Eu3+,均生长出透明晶体.通过测量掺杂CLBO晶体的荧光谱和定量分析晶体中杂质含量,证实这些杂质确实已掺入CLBO晶体中. 对掺杂晶体进行了吸潮特性和倍频效应的研究,发现掺杂CLBO晶体的吸潮性能有很大的改善,激光倍频转换效率仍然很高.     

CLBO晶体和频产生深紫外激光的理论计算与实验结果

本文介绍了深紫外非线性光学晶体CLBO的光学特性,推导出了CLBO晶体和频时的相位匹配角、有效非线性系数、走离角、允许角宽度和允许温度范围的公式,并进行了详细计算.根据计算结果可知,CLBO晶体和频可以实现深紫外激光的有效输出,并且具有大的有效非线性系数、小的走离角、大的允许角宽度和允许温度范围.由此设计了1064 nm近红外激光和238.7 nm 紫外激光通过CLBO晶体和频产生195 nm深紫外激光的系统方案,并在实验中实现了平均功率217 μW、重复频率10 Hz的195 nm 激光的稳定运转.     

CLBO晶体表面化学腐蚀和开裂机理的研究

硼酸锂铯(CLBO)是一种性能优良的紫外倍频晶体,但在室温大气环境中使用时晶体容易开裂,影响了它的实际应用.本文用水(或/和)甘油作为腐蚀剂,对不同取向的CLBO晶体表面进行了腐蚀,对比了表面的腐蚀图案;通过纯甘油和纯水的腐蚀剂作用对比,并结合CLBO晶体晶胞内原子的排列情况,揭示了CLBO晶体开裂的微观机理:水分子从(100)或者(010)面上的结构通道进入CLBO晶体,与Cs、Li和B原子反应,生成Cs2B10O16·8H2O、α-Li4B2O5和H3BO3,打开了CLBO晶体的键链,从而引起晶体的开裂;最后展示了CLBO晶体由于水的侵蚀而开裂的全过程.     

A review of measurement of thermophysical properties of silicon melt

Measurements of thermophysical properties of Si melt and supplementary study of X-ray scattering/diffraction by the authors' group were reviewed. The values obtained differed variously from those of literature. Density was 2–3% larger, surface tension 20–30% smaller, viscosity up to 40% larger, electrical conductivity 8% smaller, spectral emissivity more or less in good agreement with literature values, and thermal diffusivity a few percent larger. An anomalous density jump was found near the melting point. Surface tension and viscosity also showed anomaly. A strange time-dependent change of density was observed over 3 h after melting. X-ray analyses suggested a slight change in local atom ordering, but showed no sign of cluster formation. An addition of 0.1 at% gallium caused the density jump to disappear, while that of boron caused no change. An EXAFS study of the former melt indicated a strong interaction between Ga and Si atoms as if molecules of GaSi₃ existed. The implications of the measured properties are a possibility of soft-turbulence in an Si melt in a relatively large crucible, a more complicated manner of intake of oxygen depleted molten Si from the free surface region to underneath the growing crystal, and a relaxation of the melt after melting arising from trapped gas species.     

原位氮化法制备TiN纳米粉体

用溶胶凝胶法合成的纳米TiO2粉体作为原料,将该粉体在氨气中进行原位氮化制备了TiN纳米粉体.用XRD,TEM,化学分析等手段对合成的TiN纳米粉体的物相组成、形貌、成分进行了分析.实验分析表明:在1000℃和1100℃下分别氮化5h,可以制备粒径大约为40nm和80nm的TiN粉体,其TiN的含量分别为95.40;和98.37;;而在1000℃条件下氮化时间减少到2h时,TiN的含量仅为58.36;.氮化温度和氮化时间是合成纳米TiN的重要因素,提高合成温度和延长氮化时间均可形成纯度较高的TiN纳米粉体,但延长氮化时间更有利于获得粒径小的氮化钛粉体.     

Mesomorphism Dependence on the Position of Substitution of a Pair of Esters

A novel homologous series of ethylene derivatives of thermotropic liquid crystals has been synthesized. The methoxy to octyloxy derivatives are nematogenic, the decyloxy to tetradecyloxy derivatives are smectogenic, in addition to nematogenic, and the hexadecyloxy homologue is smectogenic only. All the members of the series are enantiotropically mesogenic. Thermotropic behavior was determined by an optical polarizing microscope equipped with a heating stage and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) study. Analytical and spectral data confirm the molecular structures of homologues (infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectra, X-ray, and DSC data). Textures of the nematic phase are threaded or Schlieren and that of smectic phase are focal conic fan-shaped of smectic A or C. Transition curves of the phase diagram behave in a normal manner except one or two deviations from the normal trend. The mesophase range (Sm+N) varies from 3°C to 44°C. The average thermal stability for smectic is 93°C and that for nematic 117.4°C. The LC behavior of the novel series is compared with a structurally similar known series.     

On the influence of structural features of DNA on the possibility of metabolic transfer of electrons

Abstract

A fragment of a DNA molecule is considered as one of the channels of metabolic electron transfer. The heterogeneity of the complementary chains is effectively taken into account. This made it possible to find the speed of the electron injected into the DNA conduction band and the current density that it creates. Estimates of electron mobility in nucleic acid chains are made. They were an order of magnitude smaller than that of typical semiconductors. For the specific conductivity of nucleic acid chains, estimates provide a conductivity of one to two orders of magnitude lower than in graphite.     

Effect of alumina on enthalpy of mixing of mixed alkali silicate glasses

The enthalpy of mixing of mixed alkali (Na₂O and K₂O) silicate glasses containing various concentrations of alumina was determined using an ion-exchange equilibrium method. For glasses with a constant alkali concentration, the enthalpy of mixing was found to become less negative with alumina addition. Consistent with our previous results on the enthalpy of mixing of alumina-free mixed alkali silicate glasses, the magnitude of enthalpy of mixing exhibited a good correlation with the molar volume mismatch of the corresponding two single alkali glasses as well as with the extent of conductivity mixed alkali effect, e.g. excess activation energy of conductivity, ΔE. The reduction of the magnitude of the enthalpy of mixing with alumina addition can be attributed to the reduction of non-bridging oxygen and ionic field strength. Combining the present results with results obtained earlier, the magnitude of the enthalpy of mixing for all mixed alkali (Na₂O and K₂O) silicate glasses with and without alumina was expressed by a simple function of a modified Tobolsky parameter, which takes into account the alkali concentration and the difference in cation-to-effective anion distances. The enthalpy of mixing data of the mixed alkali glasses was then compared with reported experimental data on the conductivity of mixed alkali aluminosilicate glasses. What appears to be conflicting experimental data can be understood in terms of the magnitude of the enthalpy of mixing and we can conclude that the mixed alkali effect is closely correlated with the negative enthalpy of mixing.     

电子显微分析在表征纳米晶体化学组分中的应用

纳米材料的化学组分及含量影响其光、电、声、热、磁等物理性能,电子显微分析是表征纳米晶体化学组分的重要方法之一.本文综述了X-射线能谱(EDS)、X-射线波谱(WDS)、电子能量损失谱(EELS)和选区电子衍射(SAED)等现代电子显微分析技术在表征纳米晶体化学组分、形貌、尺寸和结构等方面的应用及其研究进展,并比较了这些分析方法存在的差异,提出了其应用中存在的不足及今后的研发方向.     

Ni-ZrO2纳米复合电铸层的制备及纳米颗粒分布均匀性研究

研究了在复合电铸过程中,当其它工艺参数一定时,复合电铸层的沉积速率及其厚度随时间的变化趋势, 以及复合电铸层表面微观形貌随电沉积时间的变化趋势.测定了复合电铸层的组织成分,并就纳米颗粒在复合电铸层表面和横截面上分布的均匀性进行了评价.结果表明,复合电铸层表面平整,组织均匀致密,其组成主要是镍和所复合的纳米颗粒,纳米颗粒较为均匀地分散在复合电铸层中.     

Evolution of the Defect Structure of Zinc-Oxide as a Consequence of Tribophysical Activation

Zinc-oxide powder was tribophysically activated in a high-energy vibro mill in a continual regime in air for 3, 30 and 300 minutes with the purpose of modifying the powders physico-chemical properties. By analyzing of data obtained by X-ray powder diffraction, electron diffraction and transmission electron microscopy, the values of distances between corresponding crystallographic planes, average domain sizes of coherent scattering, i.e. crystallites, width of diffraction lines due to the existence of microstrains, and microstrain values, minimal dislocation densities, dislocation density due to microstrain and real dislocation density, and also average distances between dislocations were determined. The dependence of these values on the activation time was established, which enabled analysis of the evolution of the defect structure of zinc-oxide powders during tribophysical activation by grinding in the described regime.     

Some peculiarities of spectral proprieties of leukocytes

This article presents the results of spectral investigations of white blood human cells including absorption, fluorescence and phosphorescence (using low-temperature measurements). For this research, the main optical centres were identified and local distribution of emitting and absorbing centres into white blood human cells was determined. In addition, the spectra of normal and pathological (B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia, B-CLL) cells were compared.     

立方晶系晶体本征铁弹相变序参量的选取

在本征铁弹相变的软模理论的基础上,依据弹性本构关系和居里原理,给出了立方晶系晶体所有可能的自发应变的种类,研究了立方晶系晶体本征铁弹相变序参量的选取问题.以Th群和Oh群为例,阐明了不同类的序参量导致晶体对称性变化相同的的原因,提出了该情况下序参量选取的“就少不就多”的原则.得到了发生本征铁弹相变时所有可能的序参量及晶体的对称性的变化.