双根堆叠YBCO超导带材缺陷状态下失超传播规律研究

因双根并绕堆叠结构的 YBCO 带材能够进一步增加设备承载电流密度, 被广泛应用于大型超导设备线圈绕制中. 本文研究了外层有包绕绝缘的双根并绕堆叠 YBCO 带材有缺陷情况下的失超传播特性, 应用有限元法方法, 建立了双根 YBCO 带材堆叠状态下失超仿真模型, 研究了存在不同缺陷的情况下双根堆叠超导带材的失超传播特性, 探索了堆叠带材在不同工作电流下传播速度(NZPV) 等参数的变化趋势, 同时探究了不同铜稳定层厚度下并绕堆叠带材失超传播规律. 结果表明缺陷区域面积增加以及铜稳定层厚度减小, 都将导致双根并绕堆叠结构的二代高温超导带材失超传播速度增加, 在带材上的温升增加, 增加失超的风险. 研究结果可以为超导设备安全稳定运行参数设置提供支持.     

YBCO在热冲击条件下的失超特性研究

在实际的超导电力装置运行过程中,超导带材可能由于电力系统中诸如系统短路故障等各种动态过程,承受短路大电流、不平衡电流的冲击,以及由此而产生的电磁、机械应力、热量的作用而失超,因此,研究热冲击对超导材料性能的影响对超导电力装置失超保护非常重要.本文以第二代高温超导(YBCO)带材为样品,模拟实际超导电力装置中带材的绝热环境,通过外加电源对超导带材进行热冲击,研究YBCO带材在不同情况的热冲击条件下的失超过程以及带材温度和超导性能的变化.试验结果表明:对于美国Superpower公司生产的YBCO工程带材,瞬时温度超导300K后,带材的临界电流下降,瞬时温度超过500K,带材可能出现烧断现象.     

瞬态液相辅助的 YBa2Cu3O7-δ 超导薄膜快速成相及界面反应

高温超导涂层导体因其良好的强电强磁应用前景备受关注. 本文在无氟金属有机沉积(FF-MOD) 工艺中, 通过快速将低氧压气氛切换到高氧压(p O2 ) , 实现了 YBa2Cu3 O7 -δ (YBCO) 薄膜在 LaMnO3 (LMO)/IBADMgO/Y2 O3/Al2 O3/Hastelloy 衬底上的瞬态液相和高速外延生长. 研究了快速成相的氧分压和最高晶化温度的影响, 关注超导薄膜与种籽层之间的界面反应而产生的 BaMnO3 (BMO) 异质相, 对 BMO 的成核和生长机制进行了研究, 分析了 BMO 含量对 YBCO 薄膜织构与超导性能的影响. 结果表明低晶化温度、 低氧分压气氛能够有效抑制BMO 的形成, 而低含量 BMO、 强c 轴取向有利于获得高性能的 YBCO 薄膜.     

热处理工艺对先位法 MgB2带材临界电流密度性能的影响

本文采用先位粉末装管法(ex-situ PIT)制备了12芯Ni基MgB_2超导带材,并研究了三种不同的热处理工艺对带材可加工性能、MgB_2-Ni反应层相成分、芯丝微观结构及输运临界电流性能的影响.研究表明:通过采用适当的热处理和加工工艺,可以有效改善超导带材的可加工性能,调控MgB_2芯丝与Ni基体的反应层厚度,从而获得各组元变形均匀、晶体连接性优良的带材.采用最佳的工艺获得的带材在4.2K、2T下临界电流(Ic)达到212A,临界电流密度为(Jc)为8.8×104 A·cm~(-2).     

Bi（Pb）—Sr—Ca—Cu—O高Tc超导材料的研制及其超导性能的改善

本文比较了掺 Pb.热处理条件和加工工艺对 Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O 超导性能和组织结构的影响.结果表明,在接近样品熔点温度烧结,并随后进行退火处理,有利于减少低 T_c 的2212相体积分数,但其效果不如掺 Pb 显著.Ag 包套 Bi(Pb)-Sr-Ca-Cu-O 带材,由于呈薄片状的晶粒依带面紧密层叠,且其 c 轴明显形成垂直带面的定向排列,jc(77K,0T)显著提高,使其由块状样品的90A/cm~2增加到带材的7950A/cm~2.     

反应共蒸发法REBa_2Cu_3O_(7-δ)薄膜的异位成相过程研究

REBa_2Cu_3O_(7-δ)高温超导涂层导体是当前液氮温区载流能力最强的超导材料,它在大科学装置、军事国防、电力传输、磁悬浮列车等领域具有广泛应用潜力.按照薄膜沉积方式和成相步骤,超导层的制备技术路线可分为原位法(In-situ)和异位法(Ex-situ).本文将对异位法中的反应共蒸发法(RCE Reaction Co-evaporation)制备REBCO薄膜的物相形成规律进行研究,明确超导薄膜及其涂层导体在纳米级前驱组分、晶化温度调制下而形成的不同于块体体系的物相关系、织构生长特征.通过不同氧处理条件薄膜的组分和结构表征,获得了成相过程特征,发现较短的氧处理时间,"富稀土元素"组分等工艺设计有助于薄膜超导成相和c轴织构的形成.正REBa_2Cu_3O_(7-δ)(REBCO,RE=Y,Gd等稀土元素)高温超导涂层导体因其可克服晶界弱连接,高密度位错缺陷,进而提供强磁通钉扎且在液氮温区具有较高的载流能力和不可逆磁场成为倍受关注的热点材料.超导层的快速制备、厚膜织构的有效控制、磁场下的高临界电流密度以及制造成本的降低是第二代高温超导带材发展的关键问题[1-3].如今二代高温超导带材制备技术日趋成熟,主要分为物理法和化学法两大类[4],而按照其前驱膜     

利用高压热处理技术提高Bi-2223/Ag高温超导带材临界电流

提高临界电流密度(Jc)对促进Bi-2223/Ag高温超导带材的应用有着重要意义.在常压热处理条件下所制备的带材中存在大量的裂纹、孔洞和第二相颗粒等,这些因素都会对带材的超导连接性能产生破坏作用.我们成功建立了一套可用氧气氛的热等静压设备,工作气压和温度可同时达到15MPa和850°C.通过引入裂纹愈合热处理过程,我们成功对带材进行了高压热处理,所得样品中第二相颗粒和裂纹数量大幅度降低,77K、自场下的临界电流相比常压热处理样品提高了20%左右.     

制备工艺对Zn1-xMgxO薄膜结构及光学性能的影响

采用脉冲激光沉积(PLD)方法在单晶Si(100)衬底上沿c轴方向生长单晶Zn1-xMgxO薄膜,通过X射线衍射(XRD)、原子力显微镜(AFM)、扫描电镜(SEM)和荧光光谱(PL)研究了膜厚、Mg含量、退火温度及氧气氛等制备工艺对Zn1-xMgxO薄膜的结构、形貌和光学性质的影响.实验结果表明,Mg含量x≤0.15时, Zn1-xMgxO保持六角纤锌矿结构,0.25≤x≤0.35时为立方结构,经过600℃退火之后,Zn0.75Mg0.25O转化为六角纤锌矿结构;后续退火有利于晶粒长大,一定的氧气氛也有利于减少晶体缺陷和薄膜的c轴应力,但是过量的氧气容易与Mg元素结合形成MgO,不利于ZnO 六角纤锌矿结构的生长.对Zn0.925Mg0.075O薄膜进行荧光光谱分析,分析结果表明缺陷发光峰主要与锌空位、锌位氧(Ozn)或氧间隙(Oi)等缺陷有关,退火可以使紫外发射峰蓝移.     

Ba-122铁基超导带材扭转下临界性能研究

为推动铁基超导带材实用化发展,本文研制出一种在铁基超导带材纯扭转测试装置,分析了7芯Ba_1-xK_xFe₂As₂(Ba-122)带材在扭转应变下临界性能变化。带材临界电流在扭转应变下会出现衰退行为,并且随扭转应变增大而减小。四对电压信号测量结果一致,表明扭转变形均匀。以95%的初始临界电流为临界扭转标准,带材临界扭转角为120°,相应的临界剪切应变为0.86%和临界扭转螺距为240 mm。扭转应力会损伤超导芯,导致带材临界载流性能降低。     

不同结构超导限流器线圈交流损耗实验研究

超导限流线圈交流损耗实验研究对于超导限流器具有重要现实意义.本文采用Bi-2223带材制作出单根螺旋线圈、两根带材串联螺旋线圈和两根带材并联螺旋线圈三种不同结构限流线圈样品,实验研究其交流损耗特性,并与Norris公式计算结果相比较,通过实验验证限流线圈在结构和电流模式不同时对交流损耗的影响.     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Research on beamforming method for dual-line array with space mismatch between the two line arrays

The performance of port/starboard discrimination of dual-line array will be seriously degraded when the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. The directivity function of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is deduced and the port/starboard discrimination of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is also studied both under the ideal status and the status under which the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. Analysis results show the delay-subtract beamforming has better performance of port/starboard discrimination. At last, the sea trial results demonstrate the theoretical results.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Retrieval of ultraviolet skylight radiances and O3 slant column densities from balloon-borne limb spectrometer

With a novel light-weight and absolutely calibrated ultraviolet （UV） spectrometer, UV skylight radiances and O3 slant column densities are measured by balloon-borne limb measurements in Xinjiang area, China. UV skylight radiances measured at the height of 31 km are compared with the results from Modtran in the wavelength range from 290 to 420 nm. O3 slant column densities are derived from radiance spectra in the Huggins bands （320 - 335 nm） using differential optical absorption spectroscopy method. And the parameter exhibits a good correlation with the same value simulated by radiative transfer model （Tracy）. The O3 profile simultaneously measured by an O3 sonde is used as input in Tracy calculations. The O3 sonde is launched on the same balloon.     

Design optimization of highly sensitive LSPR enhanced surface plasmon resonance biosensors with nanoholes

For breaking through the sensitivity limitation of conventional surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensors, novel highly sensitive SPR biosensors with Au nanoparticles and nanogratings enhancement have been proposed recently.But in practice, these structures have obvious disadvantages.In this study, a nanohole based sensitivity enhancement SPR biosensor is proposed and the influence of different structural parameters on the performance is investigated by using rigorous coupled wave analysis (RCWA).Electromagnetic field distributions around the nanohole are also given out to directly explain the performance difference for various structural parameters.The results indicate that significant sensitivity increase is associated with localized surface plasmons (LSPs) excitation mediated by nanoholes.Except to outcome the weakness of other LSP based biosensors, larger resonance angle shift, reflectance amplitude, and sharper SPR curves' width are obtained simultaneously under optimized structural parameters.     

Polymer gratings based on photopolymerization for low-order distributed feedback polymer lasers

Novel polymer distributed feedback(DFB)gratings are fabricated based on photopolymerization to reduce lasing threshold of polymer lasers.A photopolymer formulation sensitive to 355-nm ultraviolet(UV)light is proposed for the fabrication of polymer gratings and it can be used to form polymer films by spin-coating process.A very low surface-relief depth ranging from 12.5 to about 1.0 nm has been demonstrated with a refractive-index modulation of about 0.012.The experimental results indicate that such polymer gratings have promising potentials for the fabrication of low-order DFB organic semiconductor lasers.     

A novel methodology for photometric compensation of projection display on patterned screen

We propose a novel methodology based on the projector-camera (ProCam) system to address the photometric compensation issue for the projection display on the patterned screen.The patterned screen is treated as the combination of a perfect white screen and a color modulator.The perfect white screen is used to automatically and accurately characterize the ProCam system offline using the polynomial model,and the parameters of the color modulator can be efficiently recovered by employing only two gray images based on the linear reflectance model.The experimental results show that the color artifacts of the display image can be greatly improved with this methodology,which demonstrates its feasibility and validity in the photometric compensation.