喷涂于运动边界上液体薄膜射流的流变效应

采用非Newton流体的二阶流体模型分析了相对高温的液体熔体薄膜由模口喷出并涂于运动的固体膜上. 讨论了由自由面上温度梯度驱动的非Newton液体薄膜的热毛细流动, 考虑热毛细流动的流变效应. 分析是基于润滑理论近似和摄动理论近似. 得到了液体高度方程和非Newton液体薄膜的热流体力学过程描述, 具体求解了弱流变流体效应的情况.     

基于内变量理论的电流变液本构关系

研究了电流变液的微结构本构关系.其理论框架是基于内变量理论和机理的分析.电流变液是由高介电常数的颗粒悬浮在某种液体中组成的.在电场作用下,极化的颗粒将沿着电场方向聚集在一起形成链状结构.颗粒聚集体的大小和方向将随外加电场和应变率的变化进行调整,因而可以通过建立起能量守恒方程和力平衡方程来确定颗粒聚集体的大小和方向的变化.那么,一个三维的、清晰的本构关系可以由相互作用能和系统的耗散能导出.具体考虑和讨论了在简单剪切载荷作用下的系统响应,发现电流变液的切变剪薄粘滞系数同系统Mason数之间近似于幂指数∝(Mn)-082的关系.     

外P集合与F-扩充数据-过滤

P-集合具有动态特性,它由内P-集合与外P-集合组成.植物品种扩充过滤过程具有外-动态特性,应用外P-集合的外-动态特性及其结构,提出了F-扩充数据概念,讨论F-扩充数据的生成与过滤,获得F-扩充数据-过滤定理及F-扩充数据的生成-过滤算法,并给出F-扩充数据-过滤的应用.研究结果为动态信息系统的数据扩充提供了一种新方法.     

辛体系下倾斜碳纳米管阵列波导研究

基于平行碳纳米管阵列的等效介质模型,将碳纳米管阵列的平行波导问题导入到Hamilton体系.首先,应用等效介质理论,得到了倾斜碳纳米管阵列的介电特性;随后,假设波导两侧边界条件为理想导电边界条件,通过在辛几何理论框架下的研究,得到了倾斜碳纳米管介质中波导传播的色散关系.数值模拟表明:对碳纳米管阵列来说,存在一个窄的频段,电磁波基模无法传播;然而在频段外,电磁波基模传播具有极低的损耗.通过优化设计,可找到最佳倾斜角,使得全频段内的传播特性得到极大的增强.对碳纳米管阵列波导的相关研究可为太赫兹频段内的波传导器件的设计提供理论参考.     

电流变液中粒子成链机理的理论模型

建立了一理论模型用来解释在电场作用下电流变液中粒子集束成链的机理。通过假设在成链过程中释放的电磁能等于由于粘性流体而导致的能量耗散,建立了控制链长大的微分方程。基于这样的能量方程,可以预报成链的速度及电流变液的响应时间。该模型也预报了电场强度温度,以及诸如微粒的含量,介电常数等微结构参数对电流变液响应的影响。     

橡胶-玻璃接触界面间液体渗入特性及力学驱动机制

针对橡胶接触界面间液体渗入特性及力学驱动机制,采用自建原位观测仪,得到橡胶-玻璃接触界面间液体(丙酮与水混合液,体积比1∶1)渗入过程.利用自编MATLAB程序及图像软件,得出橡胶-玻璃接触界面间压力与真实接触面积比关系曲线、界面内液体渗入特性及固-液界面润湿性对界面内液体渗入面积比的影响.研究表明:对于橡胶-玻璃接触界面,压力与真实接触面积比呈幂函数规律变化,液体在接触界面内的渗入路径大多出现在接触面积比较大区域;驱动液体铺展的毛细管力与阻碍液体铺展的固-液黏性阻力之间的平衡关系,是界面液体渗入特性的主要力学机制,也是决定液体铺展速度的因素.另外,实验结果表明,液体渗入面积比随固-液界面润湿性的增强而增大.该研究为橡胶接触界面的摩擦、润滑及密封机理研究奠定了一定的理论基础.     

同面多极电容感应式冰层厚度传感器的设计及应用

同面多极电容感应式冰层厚度传感器是基于空气、冰与水不同的介电特性,通过对空气层、冰层和冰下水层电容值进行分层测量,从而实现对冰层厚度与水位高度自动检测的一种新型冰情检测传感器.主要融合了单片机技术和电子信息采集,处理,转换技术.利用Maxwell软件对其机理进行仿真,对实验数据进行分析,论证了同面多电极电容感应式冰厚传感器的测量原理;通过分析该传感器在黄河内蒙段的现场检测数据,证明该传感器具有准确度高、误差小、稳定等优点,并能在低温、辐射和强烈振动等恶劣环境下工作,非常适合野外环境中使用.     

表面效应对偏场下介电高弹体表面波传播的影响

采用表面薄层模型考察偏场下介电高弹体的表面效应,针对不同边界情形,建立一阶等效边界条件.基于有限变形电弹性体的线性增量理论,利用Stroh公式和Ting方法,给出等效边界条件的严格推导过程.进一步利用Stroh公式,获得了偏场下具有表面效应的介电高弹体中表面波的频散方程.以可压缩Neo-Hookean介电高弹体为例,分析了表面效应对预变形和电学偏场作用下的介电高弹体表面波传播特性的影响.结果表明,通过施加适当的偏场,可以调控和优化纳米声表器件的性能.     

基于Zigbee与GPRS网络数据传输技术的黄河河道断面冰水情多点自动监测系统设计与应用

基于空气、冰与水物理特性差异的冰情检测方法是一种可以实现对检测点垂直柱面冰层内部物理状态连续在线检测的新型冰情检测方法.方法由于受测试点的局限,仅仅实现了对河道断面的单点取样数据采集,无法掌握河道断面整体冰生消变化的过程,在工程应用中受到限制.结合黄河冬季冰情现场实验的需求,在原有基于空气、冰与水物理特性差异的冰情检测系统基础上,融合了Zigbee和GPRS网络数据传输技术设计了一套黄河河道断面冰水情多点自动监测试验系统.现场试验结果表明,系统实现了对河道断面多点数据的连续实时采集和传输,可以满足工程中对河道断面多点实时监测的需求.     

辛体系下THz波在碳纳米管阵列中的传播

对于一个被周期性平行有限长碳纳米管阵列填充的平面波导,本文基于平行碳纳米管阵列的等效介质模型,忽略其空间色散,考虑了电磁波的损耗,从而得到填充介质的介电特性,并将电磁波在波导中的传播导入到Hamilton体系,同时考虑两侧边界条件均为理想导电边界条件,从而在辛理论框架下求解本征值方程,得到了电磁波传播色散关系.分析可知,存在一个窄的频段,电磁波基模无法传播,然而在频段外,电磁波基模传播具有极其低的损耗,这使得碳纳米管阵列具有宽频带传播的特性,这些特性使得碳纳米管阵列相比于传统材料具有更优的传播特性.     

管道内激波的不稳定性

本文将无限大激波阵面的激波不稳定性理论[1]推广到矩形截面管道内的激波不稳定性问题.首先,给出这个问题的数学提法,包括扰动方程与三类边界条件.其次,给出扰动方程的普遍解.上游和下游的普遍解分别含有5个待定常数.再次,在一类边界条件和一个假定下,证明了激波前扰动为0,激波后两个声扰动之一为0.边界条件是,X→±∞处扰动物理量为0.假定只讨论激波不稳定性问题,从而可先设ω=iγ,γ是不稳定性增长率,为正实数.另一类边界条件是管壁上法向速度扰动为0,它使波数只能取一组离散值.最后,用扰动激波上的5个守恒方程这一边界条件来决定激波后4个待定常数和扰动激波振幅这个未知量时,导出了色散关系.结果表明,正实数γ确是存在.不稳定激波有两种模式,一种模式为γ=-W·k(W<0)它代表激波的绝对不稳定性,是新得到的模式.另一种模式与过去工作中给出的[2,3]大体相同.本文则进一步给出了这种模式的激波不稳定性增长率,并指出j2((?V/?P)_H=1+2M为最不稳定点(即无量纲化的不稳定性增长率Г=∞).如果不假定ω是纯虚数,而是复数,其虚部为正实数Im(ω)≥0.本文也严格证明了其不稳定性判据仍有两种模式,ω仍为纯虚数.     

计算激波的高精度数值方法

在分析了数值解在激波附近产生非物理振荡的原因后,构造了一个三阶迎风紧致格式以及激波的捕捉技术,并且,提出一种称为准装配法的新的激波装配方法.一维流动的数值试验表明,新方法是非常令人满意的.     

An approximate solution for spherical and cylindrical piston problem

A new theory of shock dynamics (NTSD) has been derived in the form of a finite number of compatibility conditions along shock rays. It has been used to study the growth and decay of shock strengths for spherical and cylindrical pistons starting from a non-zero velocity. Further a weak shock theory has been derived using a simple perturbation method which admits an exact solution and also agrees with the classical decay laws for weak spherical and cylindrical shocks.     

Parabolic approximations of diffusive–dispersive equations

We consider a lower-order approximation for a third-order diffusive–dispersive conservation law with nonlinear flux. It consists of a system of two second-order parabolic equations; a coupling parameter is also added. If the flux has an inflection point it is well-known, on the one hand, that the diffusive–dispersive law admits traveling-wave solutions whose end states are also connected by undercompressive shock waves of the underlying hyperbolic conservation law. On the other hand, if the diffusive–dispersive regularization vanishes, the solutions of the corresponding initial-value problem converge to a weak solution of the hyperbolic conservation law. We show that both of these properties also hold for the lower-order approximation. Furthermore, when the coupling parameter tends to infinity, we prove that solutions of initial value problems for the approximation converge to a weak solution of the diffusive–dispersive law. The proofs rely on new a priori energy estimates for higher-order derivatives and the technique of compensated compactness.     

有限变形弹性杆中三种非线性弥散波

在一维弹性细杆拉压、扭转和弯曲波的经典线性理论基础上,分别计入有限变形和弥散效应,借助Hamilton变分原理,由统一的方法导出了3种非线性弥散波的演化方程．对3种演化方程进行了定性分析．结果表明,这些方程在相平面上存在同宿轨道或异宿轨道,分别相应于孤波解或冲击波解．根据齐次平衡原理,用Jacobi椭圆函数展开对这些演化方程进行了求解,在一定的条件下它们均可能存在孤立波解或冲击波解,这与方程的定性分析完全一致．     

A difference scheme with anti-diffusion terms to improve the computation of contact discontinuities and the study of weak discontinuities in compressible flow

The investigation of Mach reflection formed after the impingement of a weak plane shock wave on a wedge with shock Mach number M_s near 1, is still an open problem[12]. It's difficult for shock tube experiments with interferometer to detect contact discontinuities if it is too weak; also difficult to catch with due accuracy the transition condition between Mach reflection and regular reflection. The interest to this phenomenon is continuing, especially for weak shocks, because there was systematic discrepancy between simplified three shock theory of von Neumann [8] and shock tube results [15] which was named by G. Birkhoff as “von Neumann Paradox on three shock theory” [18].In 1972, K.O.Friedrichs called for more computational efforts on this problem. Recently it is known that for weak impinging shocks it's still difficult to get contact discontinuities and curved Mach stem with satisfactory accuracy. Recent numerical computation sometimes even fails to show reflected shock wave[6]. These explain why von Neumann paradox of the three shock theory in case of weak discontinuities is still a problem of interesting [9,12,14]. In this paper, on one hand, we investigate the numerical methods for Euler's equation for compressible inviscid flow, aiming at improving the computation of contact discontinuities, on the other hand, a methodology is suggested to correctly plot flow data from the massive information in storage. On this basis, all the reflected shock wave , contact discontinuities and the curved Mach stem are determined. We get Mach reflection under the condition when over-simplified shock theory predicts no such configuration[5].     

Interactions of delta shock waves for a class of nonstrictly hyperbolic system of conservation laws

In this paper, we study the perturbed Riemann problem for a class of nonstrictly hyperbolic system of conservation laws, and focuse on the interactions of delta shock waves with the shock waves and the rarefaction waves. The global solutions are constructed completely with the method of splitting delta function. In solutions, we find a new kind of nonclassical wave, which is called delta contact discontinuity with Dirac delta function in both components. It is quite different from the previous ones on which only one state variable contains the Dirac delta function. Moreover, by letting perturbed parameter $\varepsilon$ tend to zero, we analyze the stability of Riemann solutions.     

The bending of clamped beams made of materials with low resistance to shear

Oriented glass-reinforced plastics have low resistance to shear. This means that the calculation of beams made of these materials on the basis of the hypothesis of plane cross sections is not possible. We compare several methods of calculating shear and verify them on the basis of experimental data obtained for beams made of oriented glass-reinforced plastics with one or both ends clamped. We also discuss the boundary conditions in the clamped cross section and the effect of axial force in the case of fixed supports.Mekhanika Polimerov, Vol. 3, No. 4, pp. 730–736, 1967     

Similarity solution for a spherical shock wave in a non‐ideal gas under the influence of gravitational field and monochromatic radiation with increasing energy

The propagation of a spherical shock wave in a non‐ideal gas with or without gravitational effects is investigated under the action of monochromatic radiation. Similarity solutions are obtained for adiabatic flow between the shock and the piston. The numerical solutions are obtained using the Runge‐Kutta method of the fourth order. The density of the gas is assumed to be constant. The total energy of the shock wave is non‐constant and varies with time. The effects of change in values of non‐idealness parameter, gravitational parameter, shock Mach number, radiation parameter, and adiabatic exponent of the gas on shock strength and flow variables are worked out in detail. It is investigated that the presence of gravitational field increases the compressibility of the medium, due to which it is compressed and, therefore, the distance between the inner contact surface and the shock surface is reduced. A comparison is also made between the solutions in the cases of the gravitating and the non‐gravitating media. It is manifested that the gravitational parameter and the radiation parameter have in general opposite behaviour on the flow variables and the shock strength.