LiRb5(SO4)3·1.5H2SO4晶体铁弹相变的研究

本文利用慢度曲面法研究LRSHS晶体的铁弹相变.画出了LRSHS晶体在发生铁弹相变过程中一些温度下的慢度曲面图,得到了最大慢度.研究结果表明:晶体在三维空间的慢度最大值方向就是发生本征铁弹相变的方向,即声学软模软化的方向.确定出声学模的软化方向,即可确定出发生本征铁弹相变时软化显著的弹性劲度系数,再利用居里原理即可得到晶体铁弹相的对称性.     

La3Ga5SiO14的BAW传播特性

详细推导计算了声体波(BAW)在La3Ga5SiO14(LGS)晶体中分别沿YZ、XY、XZ面传播的纯切变波,准切变波,准纵波的表达式.绘制了LGS晶体在(100)、(010)、(001)这三个主晶面内声的慢度分布曲线图.计算了声速的最大值并与石英进行比较,结果表明LGS晶体的BAW传播速度一般比石英低1000m/s左右.为该晶体在声体波器件等方面的设计和应用提供了一定的理论指导作用.     

PMN-0.33PT晶体单模切割方向的研究

采用数值计算的方法研究了PMN-0.33PT晶体的单模切割方向.通过求解绕X,Y,Z轴旋转的压电增劲克里斯托弗方程,计算出了晶体的单模切割方向以及该方向的机电耦合系数和偏振态.结果表明,PMN-0.33PT晶体只有一个可用切向即Z切.该切向可获得理想的纯纵模,机电耦合系数为0.469,波速为5217.5 m/s.该研究结果对PMN-0.33PT晶体在压电换能器中的应用有理论指导作用.     

C12H9SN晶体铁弹相变的研究

采用慢度曲面法研究C12H9SN晶体的铁弹相变.在现有实验数据的基础上,模拟计算C 12 H9 SN晶体高温正交相的弹性劲度系数对慢度曲面的影响.结果表明,非对角元c12,c13,c23的变化对慢度曲面最大值的取向没有影响,同时也确定出与该相变直接相关的弹性劲度系数为c55.该晶体相变的对称性变化是由高温正交相mmm点群变成低温单斜相2/m点群.     

Ga3PO7晶体的非弹性振动特性

采用拉曼散射技术,从声子角度研究了Ga3PO7晶体的非弹性振动特性,主要内容为:采用位置对称性法从理论上计算了晶体的晶格振动模式,判定了晶体共有27个拉曼活性模,其振动模式为Γ=7Al+10E,可看作由PO43-集团形成的晶体的内振动模和由PO43-集团、O和Ga原子形成的晶体的外振动模组成;通过室温拉曼光谱实验观测到了晶体的16个拉曼活性模,包括8个外振动模和6个内振动模,并对各模进行了指认,其中高波段的声子模主要为PO4四面体的内振动模.由于晶体结构缺陷和某些内、外振动模的耦合等原因,观测到的振动模数量明显少于理论预测值.     

固-流结构声子晶体中弹性波能带的色散研究

推导出弹性波斜入射固-流结构声子晶体的转移矩阵和色散公式.利用色散公式研究了弹性波在固-流结构声子晶体中的能带特性.结果表明,介质厚度固定时,弹性波中会出现多级禁带,禁带的频率中心随入射角的增加而向高频方向移动,入射角增加到一定值后会分裂出新的禁带,分裂出的禁带频率宽度随级数的增加而增大.入射角固定时,禁带的频率宽度随介质厚度近似成反比变化,分裂出的禁带频率宽度随介质厚度的增加而减小.     

LBO晶体Ⅱ类相位匹配走离角及互作用长度的计算

从非线性光学理论出发,数值计算了LBO晶体Ⅱ类相位匹配1064 nm光波倍频的走离角及互作用长度.在全匹配角范围内,1064 nm慢、快两光间夹角的范围是0~1.0°,θ≈0°.φ≈90°时,夹角为0°;θ≈45°,φ≈55°时,最大夹角约为1.0°.慢、快两基频光光斑线度相同时,波矢沿θ≈0°,φ≈88°方向入射时,其互作用长度最大.     

纯LaAlO3和Ce3+:LaAlO3单晶的吸收谱和透过谱研究

本文采用中频感应提拉法成功生长了LaAlO3和Ce3+:LaAlO3晶体.沿生长方向即α轴方向切割、抛光后得到实验样品.测试了氢气退火前后纯LaAlO3和Ce3+:LaAlO3从190nm到2500nm的吸收谱和透过谱.测试结果表明:纯LaAlO3晶体在196～220nm处出现宽带吸收,氢气退火后此一波段的吸收系数明显降低;未退火的Ce:LaAlO3晶体在196～209nm,246nm,314nm出现明显的吸收波段,氢气退火后其吸收谱发生显著变化,在198,206,214,246和314nm处出现对应于Ce3+的4f-5d的跃迁吸收;Ce:LaAlO3晶体较之纯LaAlO3晶体在红外区的透过率要高;氢气退火后,Ce:LaAlO3晶体和纯LaAlO3晶体在红外区的透过率下降.     

Cu:KNSBN晶体生长及其光折变效应的研究

在KNSBN晶体中掺进CuO,采用硅钼棒作加热体,以Czochralski技术生长Cu:KNSBN晶体.以二波耦合光路,测试晶体的衍射效率和记录时间,计算折射率变化值Δn.Cu:KNSBN晶体的衍射效率,记录速度和折射率变化值皆高于Fe:LiNbO3晶体.尤其记录速度比Fe:LiNbO3晶体高一个数量级以上.测试Cu:KNSBN晶体位相共轭反射率R和自泵浦位相共轭反射率RC.Cu:KNSBN晶体的自泵浦位相共轭反射率RC值达到64;,是纯KNSBN晶体的二倍.以Cu:KNSBN晶体自泵浦位相共轭镜进行消畸变实验.实验结果表明:输出光波确系输入探测光波的位相共轭光波.     

12重固/固型准周期声子晶体的带隙和局部化特性研究

本文结合超元胞方法利用有限元软件计算了12重固/固型(Pb/Epoxy)准周期声子晶体反平面模态的频散曲线和透射谱,并结合模态分布图讨论了弹性波的局部化现象.结果表明:对于12重固/固型准周期声子晶体,选用包含其中心拼图在内的最小超元胞来计算其反平面模态的频散曲线是合理和有效的;准周期体系在较低的频率下打开了完全带隙.     

Ordinary electromagnetic waves in optically biaxial crystals

It is shown that the so-called ordinary electromagnetic waves (the waves whose group velocity is parallel to the wave normal) cannot propagate outside the planes parallel to the principal planes of the permittivity tensor in transparent optically biaxial crystals. For each of the three such planes, the waves of one of the two independent branches are ordinary irrespectively of the direction of their propagation, whereas the waves of the other branch are ordinary only if they propagate along two mutually orthogonal directions of the corresponding eigenvectors of the permittivity tensor.     

Quasi-Rayleigh waves in sandwich structures: Dispersion equation, eigenmodes, and resonance reflection

The dispersion equation for quasi-Rayleigh acoustic modes in transversely isotropic sandwich-type structures (an elastic layer between two substrates) has been obtained in the analytical form. The equation is analyzed for three types of structures—a layer between two soft substrates, a layer between a soft and a hard substrate, and a structure consisting of two contacting substrates with markedly different values of hardness. Eigenmodes are determined for all three structures. Depending on the combination of the material parameters in these structures, these eigenwaves are either Rayleigh-type waves localized at interfaces in the substrates and accompanying a Lamb wave in the interlayer (in the absence of an interlayer, forming a Stoneley wave) or the leaky modes characterized by a small imaginary addition to the phase velocity and the presence of bulk partial waves of leakage providing some energy removal from the interfaces. Without any calculations, simple criteria were established that allow one to predict the existence of a leaky mode in the given structure and the number of leakage fluxes it contains. The resonance reflection is analized for the case where the incidence angle of the wave in the substrate corresponding to the velocity v of the wave-front propagation along the interface is close to the value of the real part of the phase velocity of the leaky mode.     

LGAS晶体的微结构及声表面波特性研究

本文采用第一性原理计算了La3Ga5-xSiAlxO14 (LGAS)压电晶体几何结构、能带和态密度.并研究了其在X、Y和Z切型的声表面波速度、机电耦合系数及能流角.当x=0.5时,构建了La3Ga4.5SiAl0.5O14晶体的1×1×2超晶胞结构,发现A1原子替代2d四面体位置的Ga原子时体系总能量最低,体积最小,因此是最稳定的状态.与石英相比,LGAS具有声表面波速度较低、机电耦合系数较大且存在能流角为零的切型等优点.掺Al元素降低了成本但对结构和声表面波特性影响不大.Y切0是较好的切型,可用于制备声表面波器件.     

GaPO4晶体弹性与压电性能的研究

本文首先绘制了GaPO4晶体在（100）,（010）,（001）三个主晶面内慢度分布曲线,计算了声速的最大值,并与水晶进行了比较,发现GaPO4晶体的声速普遍小于水晶的声速;其次还探讨了GaPo4晶体压电系数d11及机电耦合系数k11随空间方向变化的规律,得到了GaPO4晶体d11,k11的最大值及其方向,并分别和水晶进行了比较,发现GaPO4晶体的d11和k11都远大于水晶的。这些结果将对GaPO4晶体在压电器件和声光器件的设计,开发及利用等方面具有一定的理论指导作用。     

开口圆环类声子晶体传播禁带特性研究

为衰减中低频振动噪声,本文设计了一种非严格对称的开口圆环类声子晶体结构,基于有限元法和弹性波理论分析了其禁带特性和各方向的振动衰减性能;结合系统的振动模态解释了带隙打开和关闭的原因,并分析了几何参数对带隙宽度的影响规律。结果表明:由于晶体的非严格对称,仅ΓX方向的传输损耗和禁带特性吻合,且衰减性能优于MΓ方向,禁带内平均衰减27.8 dB,同比提升了5.5 dB。禁带内几乎没有产生位移变形量,而通带因无法抑制弹性波传播导致变形量显著增大;芯体的水平和旋转运动是带隙起始、截止的明显标志。以钨为芯体,能获得起始频率和带宽均为500 Hz的低频带隙,增大芯体的材料密度、填充率和晶格尺寸有助于获得较低频率的完整带隙。     

Growth kinematics of the regeneration surfaces of crystals

Crystallography Reports - A formula for the propagation velocity of the regeneration surface front is derived under the assumption of equal growth rates of the polyhedral crystal faces and the...     

Dispersion equation for polaritons at the interface between an optically uniaxial crystal and isotropic medium

A compact analytical representation for the dispersion equation, which determins the propagation velocity of surface polaritons in an arbitrarily oriented interface between an optically uniaxial crystal and isotropic medium, is proposed. The equation obtained is reduced to a rational fourth-order equation with respect to the square of velocity. The approximate form of this equation for the limiting case (the medium adjacent to a crystal is a metal with a high complex permittivity) coincides with the result following from the Leontovich impedance approximation.     

Spectrum of natural electromagnetic waves in a periodic ferromagnet-dielectric structure

The specific features of propagation of natural TE waves in a periodic ferromagnet-dielectric structure are investigated in the following geometry: a bias magnetic field is parallel to the ferromagnet/dielectric interface and perpendicular to the wave propagation direction. The transformation matrix for the period of the structure, the dispersion relation, and the energy reflection coefficient are obtained for the case of normal incidence of a wave on a semi-infinite periodic medium by solving the boundary-value problem. It is shown that an external field can be used to control the spectrum and characteristics of reflected waves.     

Angular dependences of transmission spectra of chiral liquid crystals

Transmission spectra of chiral nematic liquid crystals (CNLCs) and chiral smectic С* liquid crystals (CSLCs) are studied in a wide range of angles of light propagation with respect to the direction of the helical structure axis. To this end, both a planar LC cell and a cell consisting of two substrates in the form of rectangular prisms (30° × 60° × 90°) were used, which allowed measurements of the transmission spectra at the light propagation at angles up to 65° with respect to the helical axis direction. The transmission spectra are numerically simulated; the results are in good agreement with the experimental spectra. A technique for determining the tilt angle of molecules in smectic layers is proposed based on the comparative analysis of experimental and calculated transmission spectra of CSLC.     

High-velocity banding structure in the laser-resolidified hypoperitectic Ti47Al53 alloy

Stability analysis of a growing solid/liquid interface is the fundamental concept of modern solidification theory. Here, serial laser rapid solidification experiments were performed on a hypoperitectic Ti₄₇Al₅₃ alloy to explore the dendritic growth behavior near the limit of high-velocity absolute stability. SEM and TEM techniques were carried out to investigate the microstructure and identify the phase composition. By adopting an improved sampling method of TEM, the growth morphology evolution of the laser-resolidified layer was observed directly and high-velocity banding structure was firstly detected in Ti–Al peritectic alloys. The high-velocity banding structures are parallel to the solid/liquid interface (normal to the growth direction) and made of the oscillation structures grown alternatively in modes of cell and plane morphologies. In light bands with cellular growth mode, all dislocation assembles are parallel to the growth direction and forms the cell boundaries, while all dislocation distributes randomly in dark bands. The determined growth velocity range for the appearance of high-velocity banding structures is about 0.51.1 m s⁻¹ according to the rapid solidification experiments, and the origin of the banding agrees well with the prediction of the CGZK phenomenological model (Acta Metal. Mater. 40 (1992) 983).