细胞色素c在咔唑修饰的金电极上的直接电化学

在生物体内,细胞色素c是一种电子载体,它能进行可逆的氧化还原反应,但在金属电极上的电化学反应却不可逆。1977年,Hill研究组发现,在4,4′-联吡啶存在时,细胞色素c在金电极上能进行准可逆的电化学反应。4,4′-联吡啶在细胞色素c电化学反应的过程中不起氧化还原反应而被称为促进剂。Hill等对50多种有机化合物的促进作用进行评价后提出,能加速细胞色素c电化学反应速率的促进剂分子至少应具有两个功能团。表面增强拉曼光     

脲对细胞色素c同步荧光光谱和电化学行为的影响

研究了细胞色素C溶液的同步荧光光谱和电化学性质随加入的脲的浓度而发生的变化,发现随着脲浓度的增加,细胞色素c分子在溶液中发生降聚、细胞色素c分子中卟啉环对溶剂暴露程度的增加和卟啉环上Fe-S键的断裂等过程和相应的电化学行为的变化.提出细胞色素c在金属电极上电化学反应不可逆可能是在较浓细胞色素c的溶液中,其分子大都以电化学活性较差的多聚体的形式存在而造成的.     

细胞色素C在单糖修饰金电极上的直接电化学

Hill等发现在4,4′-联吡啶存在时,细胞色素C在金电极上能进行准可逆的电化学反应。在研究细胞色素C的直接电化学过程中,人们又发现一些生物小分子如氨基酸、嘌呤等对细胞色素C的电化学反应有促进作用,但迄今未见有关糖类分子对细胞色素C电化学反应促进作用研究的报道。本文研究了5种单糖对细胞色素C电化学反应的促进作用。     

细胞色素C在聚乙烯氧化物修饰的金电极上的直接电化学反应

本文报道了细胞色素Ｃ在聚乙烯氧化物修饰的金电极上的直接电化学行为，发现ＰＥＯ是细胞色素Ｃ电化学反应的促进剂，ＰＥＯ修饰膜的形态对细胞色素Ｃ电化学反应的可逆性有较大的影响。     

细胞色素c在羟基磷灰石修饰玻碳电极上的直接电化学

采用沉淀法合成羟基磷灰石纳米晶体，由于具有独特的多吸附位点特征，羟基磷灰石可作为一种新型电子传递促进剂用于细胞色素c的直接电化学研究．在pH7．0的磷酸盐缓冲溶液中，细胞色素c在羟基磷灰石修饰玻碳电极表面于0．074V(vs．Ag/AgC1)处有一对准可逆的氧化还原峰，为细胞色素c血红素辅基Fe(Ⅲ)／Fe(Ⅱ)电对的特征峰．实验结果表明细胞色素c与羟基磷灰石之间的静电作用．促进了细胞色素c在玻碳电极表面扩散控制的准可逆单电子转移过程．讨论了电位扫描速度、溶液离子强度对细胞色素c直接电化学的影响．     

Fe(CN)63-/4-和细胞色素c电化学反应温度影响比较

应用整体升温的方法结合循环伏安和电位阶跃实验技术研究了温度对Fe(CN)63-/4-体系电化学反应的影响,计算不同温度下Fe(CN)63-和Fe(CN)64-的扩散系数D以及异相反应速率常数k0。实验发现,在Fe(CN)63-/4-体系中,Fe(CN)63-的扩散系数随着温度的升高而增大,而Fe(CN)64-的扩散系数则因受到Fe(CN)63-影响而出现相反的趋势。同时,异相反应速率常数也随温度升高而呈现下降趋势,推测这是由于电极表面生成了普鲁士蓝。由于细胞色素c的核心是血红素铁卟啉环,电子的得失都关联铁原子的氧化还原,与Fe(CN)63-/4-体系的电化学反应在一定程度上有其相似性,本文同时应用整体升温的方法研究了温度对细胞色素c电化学反应的影响,计算不同温度下细胞色素c的动力学参数,并与Fe(CN)63-/4-工作比较。     

磷灰石通道离子替换对细胞色素C直接电化学的影响

采用沉淀法合成了以OH^-、F^-、Cl^-为通道离子的磷灰石纳米晶体。利用其独特的多位点吸附特性,研究了磷灰石不同通道离子替换对细胞色素c直接电化学的影响。在pH7．0的磷酸盐缓冲溶液中,细胞色素C在磷灰石修饰玻碳电极表面于0．074V(us．Ag／AgCl)附近有一对准可逆的氧化还原峰,为细胞色素C血红素辅基Fe(Ⅲ）／Fe(Ⅱ)电对的特征峰。细胞色素C与磷灰石之间的静电作用使深藏在细胞色素C内部的电活性中心靠近电极表面,加速了细胞色素C在玻碳电极表面扩散控制的准可逆单电子转移过程。其中氟磷灰石对细胞色素C直接电化学的促进作用最显著,羟基磷灰石次之,氯磷灰石最弱。     

细胞色素C在糖及醇修饰金电极上的直接电化学

细胞色素C在生物体内能进行可逆的氧化还原反应，但它知不能直接在金属电极上进行可逆的电化学反应．因此在早期细胞色素（：的电化学研究中，人们往往借助干一类称为媒介体山的分子，这给细胞色素C的电化学反应研究带来很大的不便．IO77年，hill等人间发现在4／一联毗陡存在下     

细胞色素c在微带金电极上的直接电化学

报道了一种新的促进剂4,6-二甲基-2-巯基嘧啶(DMMP)对细胞色素c(Cyt.c) 电化反应的促进作用,用红外光谱和光电子能对DMMP 在金电极表面形成的单分子膜进行了表征.循环伏安实验表明Cyt.c在DMMP修饰微电极上能发生准可逆的电化学反应,异相电子传递速率常数K~5为6.6×10^-^3cm/s,对DMMP修饰膜的稳定性进行了考察;讨论了Cyt.c发生电化学反应的异相电子传递速率常数K~5受电极, 表面促进剂的修饰量以及空气中氧影响的机理.     

酸性介质中碘离子在铂电极上的电化学氧化行为

采用循环伏安法研究了酸性介质中碘离子在铂电极上不同电位区间, 不同酸度下的电化学反应行为. 结果表明, 当极化电位较低(小于0.6 V(vs Hg/Hg2SO4))时, 碘离子在铂电极上发生2I--2e→I2电氧化反应, 反应产物通过I2+I-=I-3被进一步溶解, 整个反应属于E-C(electrochemical-chemical)模式. 电氧化过程中可以形成碘膜, 其也可以被碘离子溶解. 当极化电位升高至0.6 V(vs Hg/Hg2SO4)或以上时, 碘离子会直接电氧化为高价态碘化合物, I-+3H2O→IO-3+6H++6e, 而析出的碘膜并不发生再氧化反应; 在电化学还原过程中, 出现了两个还原峰, 分别对应于I2、I-3的还原反应; 在无碘膜时, 碘离子电氧化过程受溶液中碘离子的液相扩散步骤控制; 碘膜形成后, 主要受碘膜中碘离子的固相扩散控制; 酸度对于碘离子的电化学氧化过程有很大的影响, 其线性极化曲线的起峰电位及电流峰值电位均随酸浓度升高而负移.     

促进剂与细胞色素C中赖氨酸残基相互作用的研究

促进剂与细胞色素ｃ中赖氨酸残基相互作用的研究曲晓刚，菊，周成立，陆天虹，董绍俊（中国科学院长春应用化学研究所，电分析化学开放实验室，长春，１３００２２）关键词细胞色素ｃ，促进剂，同步荧光光谱Ｈｉｌｌ小组［１］发现４，４＇－联吡啶能促进细胞色素ｃ（ｃｙ...     

The Electrochemistry of Cytochrome c at a Viologen-thiol Self-Assembled Monolayer

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Electron transfer between cytochrome c and copper enzymes

The electron transfer between cytochrome c and ascorbate oxidase or laccase from Coriolus hirsutus was investigated using both an electrochemical and a spectrophotometric method. A quasi-reversible cyclic volammogram of cytochrome c was observed on a gold electrode modified with 4,4′-dithiodipyridine. The addition of laccase resulted in the appearance of a catalytic current due to the regeneration of ferricytochrome c by laccase in the presence of oxygen. The second-order rate constant of the reaction between cytochrome c and laccase is calculated to be 9.2 × 10³ M⁻¹ s⁻¹ in 50 mM phosphate buffer of pH 5.8. The reaction rate with ascorbate oxidase is almost three orders of magnitude slower. The difference in the redox potential is considered to be the driving force of the reaction between cytochrome c and the copper proteins investigated.     

Studies on the electrochemical behavior of cytochrome c and its interaction with DNA at a Co/GC ion implantation modified electrode

The electrochemical behavior of cytochrome c (cyt c) and its interaction with DNA at a Co/glassy carbon (GC) ion implantation modified electrode were studied by linear sweep and cyclic voltammetry. In 0.005 mol dm(-3) Tris-0.05 mol dm(-3) NaCl buffer solution (pH = 7.10), a sensitive reduction derivative peak of cyt c was obtained by linear sweep voltammetry. The peak potential was 0.032 V (SCE). The peak current was proportional to the concentration of cyt c. The electrode process was quasi-reversible with adsorption. The electrode reaction rate constant k and the electron transfer coefficient a of cyt c were 4.42 s(-1) and 0.47, respectively. AES and XPS experiments showed that Co was implanted into the surface of the GC electrode (GCE). The implanted Co formed Co-C, which catalyzed the reduction of cyt c. The reaction of DNA with cyt c led to an electrochemically active complex, which resulted in an increase in the reduction current of cyt c. After adding DNA into the solution containing cyt c, the electrode process was still quasi-reversible with adsorption.     

Direct electrochemistry of cytochrome c immobilized on a novel macroporous gold film coated with a self-assembled 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid monolayer

We have successfully constructed a novel gold film with open interconnected macroporous walls of nanoparticles by combining the hydrogen bubble dynamic template synthesis with galvanic replacement reaction. After modified by a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid (MUA), the three-dimensionally (3D) interconnected macroporous Au film has been used as a biocompatible substrate for the immobilization of cytochrome c. The morphology, structure and electrochemical features of the modified and unmodified macroporous Au films were characterized by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The results reveal that the resultant films had a large electroactive surface area for high protein loading, enhanced electron transfer of cytochrome c, retained electrochemical activity, good stability and repeatability. And the excellent electrochemical behaviors could be attributed to the hierarchical structure of the macroporous Au film constructed by nanoparticles.     

Electrooxidation of iodide in the presence of 4-hydroxycoumarin: application to a simple coulometric titration of 4-hydroxycoumarin.

The electrochemical oxidation of iodide ion in the presence of 4-hydroxycoumarin (1) was studied using cyclic voltammetry and controlled-potential coulometry. The result indicates that the resulting iodine takes part in a halogenation reaction and reacts with 4-hydroxycoumarin (1). According to the obtained results, a new and simple coulometric titration method with potentiometric end-point detection for the determination of 4-hydroxycoumarin (1) is presented. In the presented method, 2-200 micromol of 4-hydroxycoumarin (1) was successfully determined.     

Electrocatalytic investigation of light-induced electron transfer between cytochrome c6 and photosystem I

A light-activated electron-transfer chain was assembled using solubilized cyanobacterial photosystem I as photoactive enzyme, cytochrome c(6) (also from cyanobacteria) as electron donor, and methyl viologen as electron acceptor. The photocatalytic activity of the ensemble was measured by direct and reversible electrochemistry of cytochrome c(6) at a surface-modified gold electrode. Analysis of the electrochemical response with an appropriate model for the reaction mechanism allowed the relation of the overall catalytic reaction rate to the individual steps of the catalytic cycle. Second-order rate constants were determined for the first time under steady-state conditions. The results validate this approach as an efficient method for the study of electron transfer between photoactive enzymes and their redox partners.