金属丝杨氏模量的光纤测试方法

采用光纤位移传感器,测量了加载情况下金属丝的微小伸长量,给出了一种杨氏模量的测量方法。理论上, 光纤位移传感器特性,与实验结果进行了对比。通过实验,标定了光纤位多传感器,并测量了不同加载情况下金属丝微小伸长量。采用逐差法处理了实验结果。     

基于光栅衍射的弹性模量小角度测量

根据入射光偏转角度与光栅旋转角度的关系,实现了小角度的放大测量,并设计了实验装置应用于弹性模量中金属丝微小伸长量的测量.理论分析和实验数据表明其角放大倍数可超过传统光杠杆法的放大倍数.     

差动式电感测量金属丝杨氏模量

基于铁芯在差动式电感线圈中移动使线圈的电感值发生变化从而表征微小位移的原理设计了测量金属丝杨氏模量的新型实验装置。通过砝码给金属丝施加一定的力导致金属丝伸长,金属丝在伸长时使固定在它上面的铁芯在线圈中移动,从而使差动线圈1和差动线圈2的电感值发生变化。利用铁芯移动距离与电感变化之间的关系得到金属丝的伸长量,将金属丝的伸长量代入公式计算得到金属丝的杨氏模量。     

用光栅式位移传感器测金属丝的杨氏模量

本文介绍了用光栅式位移传感器测量金属丝微小伸长量的实验方法。     

利用激光杠杆测定杨氏弹性模量

将半导体激光器做成激光杠杆,用于拉伸法测定杨氏弹性模量的实验,可以简化实验装置,并提高微小伸长量的放大倍数.     

基于千分表的金属丝杨氏模量测量

本文介绍了利用千分表测量金属丝的杨氏模量的方法.该方法针对常见的拉伸法测量金属丝杨氏模量的不足,提出用千分表取代光杠杆装置,来测量金属丝受到拉伸时的微小伸长量.实验研究和分析发现,相比于常用的光杠杆法,用千分表测量的3种不同金属丝材料的微小伸长量,可以提高精度3个数量级;需要测量的相关物理量减少了两个,使杨氏模量的测量精度提高一个数量级.该方法还具有装置简单,测量快速和结果准确等突出优点.     

利用迈克耳孙干涉原理测杨氏模量

利用迈克尔孙干涉原理,采用一种独特的加力装置,对拉伸金属丝的微小伸长量进行精确测量,从而可以准确地测定金属丝的杨氏模量。     

基于位移光栅尺的拉伸法弹性模量测量

基于光栅光学原理,利用位移光栅尺测量了弹性模量,建立了位移光栅尺拉伸法测量系统,通过实验获得金属丝在拉伸过程中的微小形变量数据,再利用拉伸法测量弹性模量与微小形变量之间的关系,最终实现弹性模量的测量.     

金属丝杨氏模量测量装置的设计

基于迈克尔逊干涉原理设计了金属丝杨氏模量的测量装置。在金属丝上施加持续而又均匀增加的力,引起金属丝细微伸长,通过灵敏杠杆带动移动镜的移动,从而引起光屏上干涉圆环数目的变化;用一种光电传感器捕捉干涉圆环的光强信号,将光信号转换为电信号,再通过模数转换,精确算出干涉圆环的条数,就可以实现对金属丝微小伸长量的测量。采用Origin软件处理实验数据,避免了人为因素所造成的误差,智能化计算出金属丝的杨氏模量。     

拉伸法测硅胶力学性能

利用拉伸法简单的测量硅胶加载卸载时轴向伸长量和横向伸长量.通过matlab最小二乘法对数据拟合,得到了硅胶应力-应变曲线、3种不同定义的杨氏模量、泊松比和应力-应变滞后回线.实验方法简单,测量容易,数据分析所得结果较多.对大学物理实验教学和相关科研有一定的实用价值和意义.     

Huge Casimir effect at finite temperature in electromagnetic Rindler space

We investigate the Casimir effect at a finite temperature in the electromagnetic Rindler space, and we find that the Casimir energy is proportional to T(4)/d(2) in the high-temperature limit, where T ≈ 27 °C is the temperature and d ≈ 100 nm is a small cutoff. We propose to make metamaterials to mimic the Rindler space and measure the predicted Casimir effect. Because the parameters of metamaterials we proposed are quite simple, this experiment would be easily implemented in the laboratory.     

Instabilities in nematic elastomers in external electric and magnetic fields

In this paper we study the macroscopic behavior of nematic side-chain liquid single crystal elastomers exposed to an external electric or magnetic field. For this purpose we use the framework of a continuum model. The geometries investigated comprise the bend and the twist geometry known from the classical Frederiks transition in low molecular weight liquid crystals. For the bend geometry we find a laterally homogeneous and a two-dimensional undulatory instability, which may compete at onset. In the case of the twist geometry three instabilities can occur at onset, two of which are two dimensional and clearly show undulations. As a major result we propose how the values of the twist coefficient K(2) and the values of the material parameters D(1) and D(2) connected to relative rotations between the director field and the polymer network can be determined from experimental observations. In addition, we explain why a twist experiment is probably the most suitable set-up in order to measure the material parameter D(1).     

FLEXOELECTRIC CONSTANTS OF LIQUID CRYSTALS

The elastic energy density of Iiquid crystal under the action of external electric field E is given by F=F(n_i,n_i,j,E_i,E_i,j……)where n is the director and n_i,j,,E_i,j the gradients. By a systematic expansion of F in polynomials and the use of material symmetries, we obtain macroscopically for nematics and cholesterics all the possible external field-effects. In addition to the well-known dielectric interaction (n · n)and the flexoelec-tric effects of Meyer,-e₁(E · n)(∇ · n)-e₃ E · (n ∇ ·)n,we find a new term e₀n · (n · ∇)E which corresponds to the flexoelectric effect related to electric quadrupoles introduced microscopically by related to electric quadrupoles introduced microscopically by Prost and Marcerou, This new term is not equivalent to the previous two terms of Meyer. An experiment to measure this new flexoelectric constant eo is proposed. Previous experiments measuring fIexoelectric constants are compared and discussed in the light of our theory, which also applies to other cases of external vector fields.     

In vivo detection of applied electric currents by magnetic resonance imaging

Magnetic resonance imaging is very sensitive to magnetic field variations. This inherent sensitivity can be exploited to measure small electric currents flowing in the human body. This report describes an experiment in which the magnetic fields produced by small currents applied to the forearm of a living subject have been detected in the tissue. It shows how such measurements have been used to measure current density. The suggested technique is used to measure one component of a current density in a saline solution in vitro.     

Aharanov-Bohm interference and fractional statistics in a quantum Hall interferometer

We compute the temperature, voltage, and magnetic field dependences of the conductance oscillations of a model interferometer designed to measure the fractional statistics of the quasiparticles in the fractional quantum Hall effect. The geometry is the same as that used in recent experiments. With appropriate assumptions concerning the relative areas of the inner and outer rings of the interferometer, we find the theoretical results, including the existence of super periodic Aharonov-Bohm oscillations, to be in remarkably good agreement with experiment. We then make additional experimental predictions with no adjustable parameters which, if verified, would confirm the proposed interpretation of the experiment as a measurement of fractional statistics.     

GaN发光二极管表观电容极值分析

利用正向交流(ac)小信号方法对GaN发光二极管的电容-电压特性进行测量,可以观察到GaN发光二极管中的负电容现象。正向偏压越大,测试频率越低,负电容现象越明显。测量到的负电容现象是表象,不存在负电容;提出GaN发光二极管p-n结的结电容在特定的正向电压范围内等效于可变电容。分析可变电容对正向交流小信号响应得到:特定参数的可变电容使结电容电流相位落后于交流小信号电压相位π/2,使得在测量中表现为负电容。发现表观电容-正向电压曲线的极值点与理论模型相吻合,证明了该理论模型的正确性。     

直流稳压电源波形演示器制作说明

直流稳压电源可以将交流电压变换为直流电压,并使之稳定,在我们现实生活中应用很广泛,在实验中我们利用的电学知识,设计制造了一种直流稳压电源。本文简要介绍了这种直流稳压电源波形演示器的设计目的和电路原理,重点阐述了它的制作流程、滤波和稳压原理以及性能测试输出波形。     

基于螺线管扫描法进行电磁叠加场中热发射度测量的仿真分析

在一种猝发高重频的X射线自由电子激光（XFEL）装置中,由于受到光阴极注入器内补偿螺线管与电子枪之间特殊结构的限制,阴极附近电场与磁场为叠加状态。实验中需要对阴极热发射度进行测量,而测量热发射度常用的螺线管扫描法基于几何发射度不变的前提,无法直接应用于电磁场叠加的结构。针对这一问题,考虑到归一化过程可以剔除电场对发射度的影响,基于此,研究归一化相空间中应用的螺线管扫描法,并通过仿真计算与分析,最终证明该方法适用于电磁叠加场中阴极热发射度的测量。     

Effects of vacuum fluctuation suppression on atomic decay rates

The use of atomic decay rates as a probe of sub-vacuum phenomena will be studied. Because electromagnetic vacuum fluctuations are essential for radiative decay of excited atomic states, decay rates can serve as a measure of the suppression of vacuum fluctuations in non-classical states, such as squeezed vacua. In such states, the renormalized expectation value of the square of the electric field or the energy density can be periodically negative, representing suppression of vacuum fluctuations. We explore the extent to which atomic decays can be used to measure the mean squared electric field or energy density. We consider a scheme in which atoms in an excited state transit a closed cavity whose lowest mode contains photons in a non-classical state. A crucial feature of our analysis is that we do not employ the rotating wave approximation. The change in the decay probability of the atom in the cavity due to the non-classical state can, under certain circumstances, serve as a measure of the mean squared electric field or energy density in the cavity. We make some estimates of the magnitude of this effect, which indicate that an experimental test might be possible, although very challenging.     

Rearrangement of Rare Earth Defects Under Domain Inversion in LiNbO3

Using high resolution excitation-emission spectroscopy we investigated the changes occurring in the optical transition of Er^3? ions in LiNbO₃ during inversion of the ferroelectric axis. In stoichiometric LiNbO₃ we find that a drastic reconfiguration among the different defect sites takes places favoring those centers which have already been dominant in the as-grown sample. The reconfiguration is attributed to changes in the arrangement of the local charge compensators. Furthermore, we find a small shift of the emission transition energy, which is consistent with an increase of the intrinsic electric field. These findings make the Er^3? ions very suitable probes for 3D imaging of domain structures and for in-situ studies of the dynamics of the domain inversion processes and the defect/domain wall interaction.