共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
The use of high power laser beams in part identification is particularly applicable where materials are sensitive to mechanical stress, and for parts which require a very durable identification mark to withstand manufacturing processes. The printing of part numbers with high power lasers has been investigated for two materials: silicon (in a crystalline form) and ferrite. The parameters of the method have been determined, and it has been applied to silicon water and magnetic head identification. A prototype system printing a seven digit part number on silicon wafers is described in detail. 相似文献
2.
Akira Sakamoto Shukichi Ochiai Hisamitsu Higashiyama Koji Masutani Jun‐ichi Kimura Emi Koseto‐Horyu Mitsuo Tasumi 《Journal of Raman spectroscopy : JRS》2012,43(6):787-791
Raman spectroscopic studies of a few Japanese art objects have been performed by using a portable Raman spectrometer constructed with liquid crystal tunable filters as dispersive elements. Interesting information has been obtained from the Raman spectra observed from ukiyo‐e's (Japanese woodblock prints) and their woodblocks. The performance data and the imaging capabilities of the constructed spectrometer are presented. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
3.
Alberto De Santis Elisabetta Mattei Claudia Pelosi 《Journal of Raman spectroscopy : JRS》2007,38(10):1368-1378
Micro‐fragments of the painted part of the ‘Cembalo’ model by Michele Todini (1625–1689) are investigated. The technique used for painting the terracotta base was studied via the stratigraphic analyses. No background layer of inorganic materials, e.g. gypsum, was found. To prevent absorption effects due to the terracotta porosity, a very thin layer of proteinaceous material was probably used. The micro‐Raman analyses have revealed the use of pigments currently used in the post‐Renaissance period (lead white, indigo, yellow of iron hydroxide, gypsum, hematite and carbon black) mixed with a pigment, the Prussian blue, discovered in A.D . 1704. This raises the authenticity problem of the work of art, a problem analysed and discussed in presenting the history of the work of art, and after the pigment study. The presence of degraded lead white is recognized via the laser‐induced degradation of the irradiated material. The possibility of a restoring action of the painted parts, as opposite to the non‐originality of the work, is considered and discussed. Since most part of the investigated pigments shows laser‐induced effects, a careful study of this phenomenon is performed by using the modern counterparts of the ancient pigments. For different laser powers, the temperatures of the investigated zones have been obtained via the detailed balance principle and connected to the laser‐induced degradation effects. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
4.
The development of novel PP textiles requires materials of which the surface has well defined hydrophilic properties, for instance, by the use of additives before extrusion and drawing. The feasibility of static secondary ion mass spectrometry (S-SIMS) to provide detailed information on the molecular surface composition of materials in the form of 30 μm thick films has been explored. Extensive charge build-up during S-SIMS analysis prevents direct characterisation of such materials. Several methods have been used to circumvent the problem. Specifically, deposition of gold over the entire surface and pressing a slot grid into the material allow the commercial hydrophilic additive in PP to be detected. While the slot grid preserves the pristine surface composition, mass spectra from gold-coated samples reflect the occurrence of redistribution artefacts. 相似文献
5.
《Journal of sound and vibration》2001,244(2):321-338
Randomness in the material properties is inherent in all engineering materials. Composites exhibit a greater scatter compared to conventional materials because of the larger number of parameters associated with its fabrication and manufacturing. For accurate prediction of its behavior, the composite material properties have been modelled as random variables in the present study. Higher order shear deformation theory including rotatory inertia effects has been employed in developing the system equations and first order perturbation technique has been adopted for the solution. An approach has been presented for obtaining the analytical solution for generalized eigenvalue problem associated with free vibrations. Mean and variance of the natural frequency have been obtained for cross-ply spherical laminates projected in rectangular plan form with different boundary conditions. 相似文献
6.
钙钛矿量子点因具有发光谱线窄、发光效率高、发光波长可调谐等优异的光学性能,在照明、显示、激光和太阳能电池等领域得到了广泛研究。然而,钙钛矿材料的稳定性问题,一直制约着其在光电器件中的应用。其中,钙钛矿材料在空气中受潮易分解的不稳定性尤为突出,这将严重影响其发光性质。为此,研究人员采用多种手段来改善钙钛矿材料的稳定性。目前,常见的方法是将一些具有疏水性的聚合物材料(例如POSS,PMMA等)引入到钙钛矿纳米晶中,或将钙钛矿纳米晶嵌入到介孔二氧化硅材料中,避免钙钛矿纳米晶暴露于空气中破坏其结构,以此来增强钙钛矿材料的发光稳定性。此外,钝化处理钙钛矿纳米晶表面,也是改善钙钛矿发光稳定性的一种常用方法。这些方法虽然在一定程度上可以改善钙钛矿的发光稳定性,但是在与有机物合成的过程中不免会引入其他有机官能团,介孔二氧化硅的引入,其处理方式相对复杂,而对钙钛矿纳米晶表面的钝化处理会破坏材料的原有结构。以上问题,都会影响钙钛矿的发光性质,不利于其在光电器件中的应用。硅(Si)具有低成本、大尺寸、高质量、导电好等优点,常被选作钙钛矿量子点光电器件的衬底材料。但是,由于Si衬底长时间暴露于空气,其表面易形成一层具有硅烷醇基团(Si-OH)的亲水性薄膜,这将对硅基钙钛矿器件的稳定性产生影响。因此,对Si表面进行钝化处理,破坏其表面Si-OH键,可以降低衬底表面的亲水性,增强疏水性,从而提高钙钛矿材料在器件中的稳定性。本研究使用氢氟酸(HF)对Si衬底表面进行钝化处理,发现钝化处理后的Si衬底表面与水的接触角由50.4°逐渐增大至87.7°,表明Si衬底表面由亲水性逐渐转变为疏水性。利用场致发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)测试发现,钝化处理后的Si衬底表面变粗糙,并且其表面上的CsPbBr3量子点(CsPbBr3 QDs)相对于未处理表面的分散性较好。利用光致发光(PL)光谱研究不同钝化处理时间的Si衬底表面上的CsPbBr3 QDs薄膜的发光性质。其中,处理与未处理的Si衬底表面上CsPbBr3QDs薄膜的PL积分强度随功率变化拟合值分别为1.12和1.203,表明其发光机制为激子发光。温度依赖性的PL光谱分析显示,随着温度的升高(10~300 K),由于晶格热膨胀使CsPbBr3 QDs带隙增大,发光峰位逐渐蓝移。并且,随着衬底钝化处理时间的增加,CsPbBr3 QDs薄膜的发光热稳定性逐渐增强,最佳热稳定性可达220 K。而时间依赖性的PL光谱则进一步说明,钝化处理后的Si衬底表面CsPbBr3QDs薄膜发光的时间稳定性逐渐增强,最高发光时间稳定性可达15 d。因此,通过简单而有效的对Si衬底表面进行钝化处理,可以有效减少了Si表面亲水基团,提高CsPbBr3QDs薄膜的发光稳定性,为增强钙钛矿量子点在光电器件中的稳定性应用提供了新的研究思路。 相似文献
7.
M. Černič J. Dolenc L. Scheicher 《Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing》2006,83(4):589-595
The paper used as a printing substrate in electro photographical techniques should achieve appropriate structure, surface and optical properties as well as thermal stability. Printing products are often exposed to negative influence from external climate conditions. Surface treatment with varnishing and lamination is a common solution for protecting the final products against light, higher temperatures and elevated relative humidity.In the context of the applied research done in cooperation with the printing industry we studied permanence and durability of paper, image of prints and final printed product. We were also examining the influence of accelerated artificial ageing of paper and colour prints in electro photographic printing technique (Xeikon), with two types of surface treatment on the quality of the printed products.Determination of basic physical, chemical and surface characteristics (mechanical strength, optical and colorimetric characteristics of paper) as well as the evaluation of permanence according to EN ISO 9706 (∞) have shown unsuitable optical and colorimetric properties of paper. The evaluation of durability of paper and prints after accelerated artificial ageing according to the EN ISO 5630-3 standard indicates unsuitable optical and colorimetric properties, which consequently cause low optical and colorimetric stability. Colour prints with a surface protection of polymer varnish or foil protection are very unstable, causing deterioration of colour, contrasts and colour balance.The results of research work are very useful for the evaluation of durable printing paper used for various new digital printing systems and for evaluation of printing material of permanent quality. PACS Q-II.02 相似文献
8.
Ludovic Rapp Christophe Cibert Anne Patricia Alloncle Philippe Delaporte 《Applied Surface Science》2009,255(10):5439-5443
The laser-induced forward transfer technique has been performed on thin layers of conducting organic materials for applications in plastic micro-electronics.This process is a promising alternative for fabrication of organic electronic components on flexible supports when usual techniques, such like ink-jet printing, cannot be considered. For example, when the organic material has no solubility properties or when complex architectures are needed.Experiments on the influence of pulse duration (nanosecond and picosecond) and wavelength on a large range of fluences have been proceeded using different lasers. An optimization of the process has been carried out by inserting a thin layer of absorbing metallic material between the substrate and the organic film. The advantage of this technique is to preserve organic layers from being damaged by thermal and photochemical effects during the interaction.The morphology and thickness of the deposit have been investigated by optical and scanning electronic microscopy. This experimental study is supplemented by electrical characterization of the deposits. 相似文献
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Patterning of the conducting polymer polypyrrole (PPy) was achieved using perfluoropolyether (PFPE) as a mask material. The fluoropolymer PFPE has both hydrophobic and oleophobic properties that allowed the generation of passivated patterns against PPy deposition. We exploited these properties to achieve the selective micropattern deposition of PPy, by simple chemical oxidation in an aqueous solution. Using a microcontact printing method, circle patterns with exposed carboxyl groups were prepared, while other region was protected by PFPE. Chemical oxidation of PPy on the patterned substrate resulted in selective deposition of PPy onto only the carboxylate-terminated regions, with little deposition on the PFPE layer. Cross-sectional analysis of the pattern revealed that the PFPE layer would form a hole-like structure around the carboxylate-terminated surfaces, with PPy deposition only in the holes. The PFPE layer had little influence on surface smoothness, compared to other self-assembled monolayers. These results suggest that PFPE can be used as a protective material for the surface modification and patterning of various materials. 相似文献
10.
超弹性材料是工程实际中常用的材料,具有很强的非线性力学性能.将超弹性材料应用于入水问题是一个新的跨学科研究方向.与传统的刚性球体入水现象不同,超弹性球体入水后极易发生变形.为了探究该大变形的入水流固耦合问题,本文采用高速摄像方法,对超弹性球体垂直入水问题开展实验研究.基于实验结果,对比分析了球体材料属性和入水冲击条件对入水空泡流动及球体变形行为的影响.实验结果表明,超弹性球体入水后产生嵌套空泡现象的条件是需要足够大的入水冲击条件和小的材料剪切模量.嵌套空泡产生和保持的时间与球体的剪切模量和直径有关.超弹性球体的入水位移及其形成空泡的长度随入水冲击速度和剪切模量的增大而增大,却随球体直径的增大而减小.入水冲击速度的增加只会加剧球体的变形程度,而不影响嵌套空泡的产生时刻.同时,本文对球体的变形行为随弗劳德数和剪切模量与水动力之比的变化特性进行了描述与研究. 相似文献
11.
The research of superhydrophobic materials has attracted many researchers' attention due to its application value and prospects.In order to expand the serviceable range,people have investigated various superhydrophobic materials.The simple and easy preparation method has become the focus for superhydrophobic materials.In this paper,we present a program for preparing a rough surface on an aluminum foil,which possesses excellent hydrophobic properties after the treatment with low surface energy materials at high vacuum.The resulting contact angle is larger than 160° and the droplet cannot freeze on the surface above-10 ℃.Meanwhile,the modified aluminum foil with the thickness of less than 100 μm can be used as an ideal flexible applied material for superhydrophobicity/anti-icing. 相似文献
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13.
Akhlesh Lakhtakia 《International Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves》1994,15(2):369-394
Time-dependent Beltrami fields in free space follow very naturally from the Maxwell postulates. In this paper, a comprehensive but elementary treatment of time-dependent Beltrami fields inmaterial continua is enunciated. Field equations in free space have been derived and solved, and a scheme for the general representation of Beltrami fields has been given. Field relations in material continua have been set up in the form ofBeltrami-Maxwell postulates, along with appropriate constitutive relations for linear materials. Monochromatic Beltrami field formulation in free space as well as in linear materials has been accomplished. The Mossotti-Clausius model, to enable the transition from the microscopic to the macroscopic length scales, has been given entirely in terms of Beltrami fields. 相似文献
14.
Ludovic Rapp Sébastien NénonAnne Patricia Alloncle Christine Videlot-AckermannFrédéric Fages Philippe Delaporte 《Applied Surface Science》2011,257(12):5152-5155
Functional laser printed Organic Thin Film Transistors (OTFTs) have been achieved from multilayer substrates composed with semiconductor and electrodes. The p-type copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) was used to form the active layer. Different kinds of metallic materials were used for source and drain electrodes. Multilayer donor substrates were prepared by the successive depositions of materials by either thermal evaporation under vacuum or laser printing. The materials were transferred together in a single step onto a receiver substrate by laser pulses in the picosecond regime. The latter substrate formed the gate and the dielectric of the transistor. The results are compared with the step-by-step laser printing process, where electrodes and organic layer were successively printed from two different donor substrates. The multilayer laser printing reveals an improvement of the performances of the OTFT devices. 相似文献
15.
Advances in high throughput screening of gas sensing materials 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Maike Siemons 《Applied Surface Science》2007,254(3):669-676
The workflow of a high throughput screening setup for the rapid identification of new and improved gas sensor materials is presented. The polyol method was applied to prepare nanoparticulate metal oxides as base materials. These materials have been modified by surface and volume doping. Using multielectrode substrates and high throughput impedance spectroscopy (HT-IS) a wide range of materials could be screened on a short time scale. Selected examples reflect the state of the art for applying HT-IS in search of new selective gas sensing materials. 相似文献
16.
S. D. Zotov E. N. Lotkova N. A. Raspopov 《Bulletin of the Lebedev Physics Institute》2018,45(1):29-34
Nature of the defects in solid samples generated under the surface irradiation by a pulse of a CO2-laser is investigated by the method of acousti©emission analysis. The laser pulse energy of 1.5 J was insufficient for destroying the sample. The samples were rods made from crystal (aluminum, copper) or amorphous (glass) materials. Acoustic emission signals from a rod face were studied which arise under the action of the laser radiation focused onto the opposite face of the rod. Analysis of data obtained shows that local structural changes arise in all the samples investigated. Defects in the form of microscopic cracks have been generated, and in the case of glass (the most fragile material), the cracks existing prior to irradiation have been developed. 相似文献
17.
由于染料在食品,印刷,纺织等行业的广泛应用,水中的染料被广泛发现,染料污染是造成水污染的重要原因之一,因此,对于水中染料进行前处理变得尤为重要.石墨烯和功能化石墨烯的吸附性能可以被应用于水中染料的检测和去除.本研究采用密度泛函理论方法详细探讨了纯石墨烯和功能化石墨烯对亚甲基蓝有机染料污染物的吸附机理.研究结果表明,纯的石墨烯和功能化石墨烯表面对亚甲基蓝染料均有一定程度的吸附,其中环氧原子,羧基和羟基功能化的石墨烯对亚甲基蓝的吸附能力较纯石墨烯吸附能力强,其次是环氧,羧基和羟基三者共同功能化的石墨烯吸附能力最强.研究结果有望为石墨烯材料在有机染料的吸附应用方面提供有意义的理论指导. 相似文献
18.
表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)是一种先进的表面分析技术,可以极大提高吸附在金属表面或附近分子的拉曼散射信号。SERS技术由于其快速准确、灵敏度高、选择性好、样品制备要求低等特点,成为当前的研究热点,在化学、食品、生物、医疗等领域展现出重要的应用前景。而利用SERS技术作为一种常规分析和诊断工具面临的一个主要挑战是如何制备均匀、可重复、稳定的活性基底。打印技术操作简单、效率高、成本低,有助于设计等离激元纳米结构。通过优化“热点”增强电磁场,获得重复性好、稳定性高、增强能力强的SERS活性基底。近年来,印刷技术逐渐被应用于SERS基底的制备。主要综述了制备SERS基底的几种常用印刷技术,包括喷墨印刷、凹版印刷、丝网印刷等。分析了衬底表面润湿性、干燥温度、油墨粘度、表面张力、溶剂等因素对SERS性能的影响。总结了印刷技术制备SERS基底的研究进展,并对其潜在应用和未来发展作了展望。 相似文献
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There is a growing interest by art conservators for laser cleaning of organic materials, such as wooden artworks, paper and textiles, since traditional cleaning with solvents can be a source of further decay and mechanical cleaning may be too abrasive for sensitive fibers. In this work we present a successful laser cleaning approach for 19th century rattan mats from the Brooklyn Museum collection of African Art, now part of the study collection at the Conservation Center in New York. Tests were carried out using the fundamental (1064 nm) and second harmonic (532 nm) wavelength of a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser to measure threshold values both for surface damage and color changes for different types of rattan samples. The irradiated substrates were investigated by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and by UV-vis spectroscopy in order to determine the efficiency of laser cleaning and to assess possible deterioration effects that may have occurred as a result of laser irradiation. The study showed that by using the laser emission at 532 nm, a wavelength for which photon energy is below the bond dissociation level of the main cellulosic compounds and the water absorption is negligible, it is possible to select a range of laser fluences to remove the black dust layer without damaging the rattan material. 相似文献