H2O2、金属离子等对Cr(Ⅵ)离子光催化还原及对敌敌畏农药光催化氧化的影响

以Cr(Ⅵ)离子、敌敌畏农药作为污染物的代表,研究了H₂O₂、金属离子等对Cr(Ⅵ)离子光催化还原及对敌敌畏农药光催化氧化的影响.结果表明,加入少量的H₂O₂对Cr(Ⅵ)离子的光催化还原起阻碍作用,对敌敌畏农药的光催化氧化起促进作用;加入少量的Cu²⁺对Cr(Ⅵ)离子光催化还原及对敌敌畏农药的光催化氧化均起促进作用;加入Zn²⁺、Na⁺对Cr(Ⅵ)离子及敌敌畏农药的光催化降解均无明显的影响;加入甲醇、甲苯对Cr(Ⅵ)离子的光催化还原起促进作用,对敌敌畏农药的光催化氧化起阻碍作用.探讨了H₂O₂、金属离子等对Cr(Ⅵ)离子光催化还原及对敌敌畏农药光催化氧化影响的机理.     

Working principle and application of photocatalytic optical fibers for the degradation and conversion of gaseous pollutants

Photocatalytic optical fibers are promising for the degradation of gaseous and volatile pollutants in air due to their high specific surface area, high light utilization efficiency, easy regeneration, and sustainability. In particular, photocatalytic optical fibers have proven highly useful for the removal and conversion of different kinds of air pollutants in air. However, these fibers suffer from low photocatalytic degradation efficiencies. In this review, we have focused on introducing photocatalytic quartz optical fibers and photocatalytic plastic optical fibers for the degradation and transformation of gas-phase air pollutants. The principle of photocatalytic optical fibers and main methods for improving their photocatalytic and light utilization efficiencies based on semiconductor photocatalytic coatings are summarized. Moreover, the Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetic rate equation was summarized to analyze the photocatalytic reduction of gaseous pollutants. Finally, an outlook on the future of photocatalytic optical fibers toward the removal and conversion of gaseous air pollutants is discussed.     

Evaluation of titanium dioxide as a pharmaceutical excipient for preformulation of a photo-labile drug: effect of physicochemical properties on the photostability of solid-state nisoldipine

To characterize the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 via solid-state reaction, the relationship between the physicochemical properties and photocatalytic activity of TiO2 was investigated and estimated from the results of photodegradation of nisoldipine. The photodegradation of nisoldipine was significantly enhanced by addition of TiO2. Two degradation products, nitroso-phenylpyridine derivative and nitro-phenylpyridine derivative, were formed. The degree of photocatalytic activity of TiO2 was quite different between the various types of TiO2 investigated, even when the crystalline phase was the same. As a result of the investigations into the relationship between the photocatalytic activity and physicochemical properties of TiO2, it was found that for the rutile form the photocatalytic activity has good correlation with specific surface area of TiO2, but poor correlation with water loss on drying of TiO2. However, for the anatase form, the photocatalytic activity has good correlation with water loss on drying of TiO2, but poor correlation with specific surface area. Moreover, it was found that the crystallinity of TiO2 has a moderate correlation with the photocatalytic activity of both crystal forms of TiO2. These results suggest that a degree of photocatalytic activity of TiO2 depends on the various physicochemical properties of each type of TiO2 investigated.     

曙红-碳纳米管-NiO光催化体系的构建及光催化还原水制氢性能

构建了曙红-碳纳米管-NiO(Eosin Y-MWNTs-NiO)光催化体系, 利用氢气还原法对其进行了活化, 然后使用三乙醇胺作为牺牲剂考察了其可见光催化还原水制氢性能. 研究结果表明, 氢气活化后的Eosin Y-MWNTs-NiO是一个高效的可见光催化剂. 其光催化还原水析氢的速率可达344 μmol·g-1·h-1. 其中, 氢气活化对催化剂的活性具有重要影响, 未活化的Eosin Y-MWNTs-NiO光催化体系的活性仅为活化后的光催化体系的1/10. 此外, 还研究了溶液pH值和催化剂用量对催化体系活性的影响. 在此基础上, 对Eosin Y-MWNTs-NiO的光催化机制进行了初步探讨.     

载钛中孔二氧化硅分子筛的光催化性能研究

分别 以单一 Ｔｉ Ｏ２ 纳米粒 子及不 同 Ｔｉ Ｏ２ 覆 盖率的中 孔分 子筛（ Ｔｉ Ｏ２／ Ｈ Ｍ Ｓ） 和微 孔分 子筛（ Ｔｉ Ｏ２／ Ｎａ Ｙ） 为光催 化剂,以２ ,４ ,６三氯苯 酚（ Ｔ Ｃ Ｐ） 为 降解对象 ,考察了 两类分子 筛担 载 Ｔｉ Ｏ２ 的光催化性 能． 结 果表明 ： 在钛 含量相 同的 条 件下 , Ｔｉ Ｏ２／ Ｈ Ｍ Ｓ 的光 催 化活 性 高于 Ｔｉ Ｏ２／ Ｎａ Ｙ 和 单一 Ｔｉ Ｏ２ 的光催 化活性; Ｔｉ Ｏ２ 负载量 较低时 , Ｔｉ Ｏ２／ Ｈ Ｍ Ｓ 即可 显示 有高 的光 催化 活性, 且其 光催 化活性随着 中孔分 子筛孔径 的增大而 升高     

Enhanced photocatalytic reduction of Cr(VI) by manganese-doped anatase titanium dioxide

Nano-TiO₂ is frequently used as an optimal photocatalyst, since it is nontoxic, low cost, and environmentally friendly, especially for its photocatalytic oxidation action. However, its photocatalytic reducing action has not been widely researched. In this study, TiO₂ doped with different concentrations of manganese was prepared by the sol–gel method and characterized using different techniques to analyze the surface structure, phase composition, and surface elements of the different materials. To investigate the photocatalytic activity, Mn–TiO₂ was used for photocatalytic reduction of Cr(VI). Moreover, various organic pollutants were added to determine whether they enhanced the photocatalytic reduction of Cr(VI). The experiments indicated that the presence of Mn in TiO₂ could enhance its photocatalytic reduction action, especially at 0.02 % molar ratio. Manganese ions doped in TiO₂ behaved as electron accumulation sites. In addition, pH value, and photocatalyst dosage were investigated to analyze their effects on the photocatalytic reduction action. The results show that lower pH value improved the efficiency of photocatalytic reduction; there were no significant changes in the photocatalytic reduction rate with dosage above 1.0 g/L. In the presence of different electron donors (organic pollutants as hole scavengers), the photocatalytic reduction of Cr(VI) was generally improved. In short, manganese-doped TiO₂ exhibited improved photocatalytic reduction activity, especially in cooperation with various organics.     

过渡金属掺杂二氧化钛光催化性能的研究

采用浸渍法制备了过渡金属掺杂的光催化剂MOx/TiO2(M=Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu).以乙酸的光催化氧化降解反应为探针,研究了催化剂的光催化性能.研究结果表明,经过渡金属掺杂改性的二氧化钛,光催化性能都有所提高.掺杂量有一个最佳值,在最佳掺杂量时,催化剂光催化性能的提高程度与对应金属氧化物的生成焓有很好的一致性,还发现光催化性能与过渡金属离子稳定氧化态的电子亲和势与离子半径的比值间呈现火山型关系曲线.     

影响TiO2薄膜光催化降解亚甲基蓝的因素

 用中频交流反应磁控溅射技术制备了具有良好光催化性能的TiO2薄膜,考察了紫外光源、反应器和溶液浓度对亚甲基蓝溶液光催化降解特性的影响. 结果表明,紫外光源对TiO2薄膜光催化降解性能有较大的影响; 在计算光催化降解速率时应充分考虑光解和光氧化的影响. 低压汞灯TUV为光催化降解的较好选择. 动态反应系统可以有效避免光解,显著提高光催化反应速度. TiO2薄膜具有很好的光催化性能,且性能稳定.     

在 Pt/TiO2上光催化降解污水中的对氟苯甲酸

在Pt/TiO2存在下,研究了光催化降解对氟苯甲酸的反应.考察了反应时间、溶液初始pH值以及污染物初始浓度对光催化反应的影响.结果表明,溶液的紫外吸光度值随反应时间不断下降;反应7 h时,溶液的TOC去除率达23.2%;反应0.5～2 h内,氟离子平均生成速率为3.53×10-5mol.L-1.h-1;在反应3～7 h内,氟离子平均生成速率为6.22×10-5mol.L-1.h-1.在溶液初始pH值=3.34～3.72时,氟离子生成速率最大,在碱性范围内,氟离子的生成速率为零.当C0(p-fluorobenzoic acid)<1.80×10-3mol.L-1时,光催化降解生成氟离子的速率随着对氟苯甲酸浓度的增大而增大;当C0(p-fluorobenzoic acid)>2.00×10-3mol.L-1时,光催化降解生成氟离子的速率不再随污染物浓度的变化而发生变化.探讨了可能的反应机理.     

Preparation,characterization and activity evaluation of p–n junction photocatalyst p-NiO/n-ZnO

In this paper, p–n junction photocatalyst NiO/ZnO was prepared by the sol–gel method using Ni (NO₃)₂ and zinc acetate as the raw materials. The structural and optical properties of the p–n junction photocatalyst NiO/ZnO were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis, UV–Vis diffuse reflection spectrum (DRS) and the fluorescence emission spectra. The photocatalytic activity of the photocatalyst was evaluated by photocatalytic reduction of Cr₂O₇ ²⁻ and photocatalytic oxidation of methyl orange (MO). The results showed that the photocatalytic activity of the p–n junction photocatalyst NiO/ZnO is much higher than that of ZnO on the photocatalytic reduction of Cr₂O₇ ²⁻. However, the photocatalytic activity of the photocatalyst is much lower than that of ZnO on the photocatalytic oxidation of methyl orange. Namely, the p–n junction photocatalyst NiO/ZnO has higher photocatalytic reduction activity, but lower photocatalytic oxidation activity. The heat treatment condition also influences the photocatalytic activity strongly, and the best preparation condition is about 400 °C for 2 h. Effect of the heat treatment condition on the photocatalytic activity of the photocatalyst was also investigated. The mechanisms of influence on the photocatalytic activity were discussed by the p–n junction principle.     

Photocatalytic performance of BiFeO3 based on MOFs precursor

BiFeO₃ (BFO) is considered to be a potential visible light photocatalytic material for organic degradation due to its narrow band gap. In this work, the BFO with smaller band gap and better photocatalytic performance was prepared by thermal decomposition of we prepared smaller band gap and better photocatalytic performance BFO by thermal decomposition of MOFs precursor Bi[Fe (CN)₆]·5H₂O. Among them, BFO‐0.5 has the best photocatalytic activity, which the photocatalytic degradation rate of methyl orange (MO) aqueous solution is 98.1% within 60 minutes. The photocatalytic activity is almost unchanged after four cycles of use. The enhanced photocatalytic activity of BFO could be attributed to the enhanced optical absorption and smaller particles. It may be conducive to design more efficient photocatalysts for photocatalytic degradation of organic dyes.     

溴代甲烷在TiO2上的光催化降解研究

系统地研究了CH₃Br在溶胶-凝胶法制备的TiO₂催化剂上的气相光催化氧化行为,考察了催化剂煅烧温度、催化剂中残留NO-3、反应物料中的水份、反应温度等催化剂制备及反应条件对催化剂反应性能的影响,并结合XRD、BET比表面积和FTIR等表征结果对TiO₂催化剂的反应行为进行了解释.实验结果表明,CH₃Br在TiO₂上的气相光催化氧化是典型的一级反应,表观活化能为13.7kJ/mol.反应初始阶段存在显著的催化剂失活现象,催化剂高温煅烧,NO-3及水等对该反应活性都有明显的抑制作用,提高反应温度有利于改善催化剂的反应性能.     

石墨相氮化碳/蒙脱石复合材料的制备及其可见光催化性能

为提高石墨相氮化碳(g-C₃N₄)对可见光的利用率及光催化效率,采用热聚合与直接负载等方法,将g-C₃N₄负载于蒙脱石表面,制备了g-C₃N₄/蒙脱石复合光催化材料,其结构经SEM, FT-IR及XRD表征。以罗丹明B(RhB)为目标污染物,研究了不同负载量g-C₃N₄/蒙脱石复合光催化剂的可见光催化性能。并分别以对苯醌、碘化钾和异丙醇为自由基捕获剂,研究了复合材料的光催化机理。结果表明：当g-C₃N₄的质量分数为83%(CN/M-83%)时,RhB经可见光照射1 h后,降解率达到99.2%。光催化速率常数为纯g-C₃N₄光催化速率常数的3.2倍。     

Photocatalytic Reaction of Sulfur Dioxide with Heptane in the Gas-phase Over Titanium Dioxide

IntroductionA broad range of orgainc compounds[1 ,2 ]can be oxidized by means of semiconductor pho-tocatalysis with a primary focus on Ti O2 as a durable photocatalyst in recent years.WhenTi O2 is illuminated with the light of energy greater than the semiconductor band gap,elec-tron- hole pairs(e-- h ) are formed in the conduction and thevalence bandsof thesemiconduc-tor,respectively.These charge carriers,which migrate to the semiconductor surface,are ca-pable of activating oxygen species,et…     

水蒸气对有机污染物微波光催化氧化反应的影响

 以C2H4和C2HCl3为模型有机污染物,考察了不同反应条件下水蒸\r\n气对微波催化反应性能的影响．结果表明,水蒸气的存在是影响微波光\r\n催化反应性能的重要因素．由于微波对物质的极化作用不同,在加水的\r\n微波光催化反应过程中微波能量主要被水吸收,微波场对水的脱附有利\r\n于提高加水条件下C2H4微波光催化氧化活性,但不利于需要水的C2HCl\r\n3氧化反应的进行．     

铜锡改性纳米二氧化钛光催化氧化还原性能的研究

在复合半导体基础上,采用超声浸渍法对催化剂表面作进一步铜改性,制备了铜锡改性的纳米二氧化钛光催化剂CuO_x-SnO₂/TiO₂,考察了表面铜改性、二氧化锡复合对催化剂光催化氧化还原性能的影响.结果表明,表面铜改性和复合都有利于提高催化剂光催化氧化还原能力,二者间表现出相互增强的作用.结合XRD、XPS、TEM等催化剂表征结果,对铜锡改性纳米二氧化钛光激发机制进行了讨论,提出了二氧化碳光催化还原的可能机制.     

TiO2晶型对Au/TiO2上光催化分解臭氧的影响

以不同晶型TiO2为载体,采用沉积-沉淀法制备了Au/TiO2光催化剂,并用紫外-可见漫反射光谱、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和表面光电压谱(SPS)等手段进行了催化剂表征,详细考察了Ti O2晶型对Au/TiO2光催化分解臭氧活性的影响.结果表明,光催化分解臭氧的活性顺序为Au/P25>Au/Anatase>Au/Rutile,这与不同的单一Ti O2对光催化臭氧分解的活性顺序是一致的.但在TiO2上沉积金后,其对光催化臭氧的分解活性有了显著的提高.由催化剂的Au4fXPS分析发现,不同晶型Ti O2上的电荷向金簇迁移的能力有明显差异,加之载体本身对光催化臭氧分解活性不同,两者协同作用导致负载金催化剂光催化分解臭氧活性的不同.SPS信号强度与催化剂光催化活性有很好的对应关系,SPS信号越强,光生电子和空穴分离效率越高,光催化活性越好.     

Preparation and photocatalytic activity of multi-modally macro/mesoporous titania

Hierarchically disorder sponge-like macro/mesoporous titania was prepared by adding distilled water dropwise to a coating of tetrabutyl titanate. The results reveal that the un-calcined samples show obvious photocatalytic activity and multi-modal pore-size distribution. With increasing calcination temperatures, the photocatalytic activity and crystallinity increase. At 400°C, the calcined sample shows the highest photocatalytic activity. Further increasing the calcination temperatures results in the decrease of photocatalytic activity due to the drastic decrease of specific surface areas. However, the 600°C-calcined sample exhibits the highest specific photocatalytic activity due to high anatase crystallinity.     

Optimization of various photocatalytic reaction parameters of Degussa P25 under UV irradiation

Solar photocatalysis is an Advanced Oxidation Process (AOP), used as a sustainable green technology for waste water treatment. Material engineering is one of the most widely reported strategies to develop efficient photocatalysts. However, material engineering is a time consuming and costly process. Recently it has been reported that optimization of photocatalytic reaction parameters can also enhance the photocatalytic performance substantially. In this study, an attempt was made to optimize the adsorption/desorption equilibrium and dispersion of the photocatalyst for improving the photocatalytic performance of the commercial photocatalyst Degussa P25 using Methylene Blue as the probe pollutant. The adsorption/desorption equilibrium studies were carried out under various conditions such as with and without stirring and sonication. Effect of dispersion of photocatalyst on photocatalytic performance was studied under various conditions such as stirring, sonication and with the help of homogenization. The result shows that the adsorption/desorption equilibrium was obtained under low stirring condition, within an optimal time of 20–30 min. In the study of the dispersion of photocatalysts to improve the photocatalytic performance, it is seen that dispersion under sonication showed highest photocatalytic performance under UV light irradiation. Interestingly, the use of homogenizer with higher range of rpm was not able to improve the photocatalytic performance of DP25 than stirring at lower range due to the shadow effect. Based on the above result this study gives an overview of the role of dispersion in improving the overall photocatalytic performance of the photocatalysts.     

Exploration of silver decoration concentration to enhance photocatalytic efficiency of titanium dioxide photocatalysts

Ag decoration on TiO₂ is favorable to absorption of visible light and wider absorption range. Ag nanoparticles playing the role of electron receivers on TiO₂ surface enhance photodegradation. However, excess Ag nanoparticles caused reduced specific surface area of photocatalysts and increased probability of charge recombination, resulting in lower photocatalytic efficiency. In this study, the influence of various Ag decoration concentrations on photocatalytic activity was investigated. Surface treatment by nitric acid after Ag decoration was performed to avoid excessive Ag deposition. The extent of Ag elimination and its impacts on photocatalytic activity were also explored. An optimum Ag content in the photocatalyst was achieved and photocatalytic efficiency was obviously improved. It was found that the number of calcination times affected the crystallinity and stability of photocatalysts. Better photocatalytic efficiency could be obtained after twice calcinations.