首次测定短寿命缺中子同位素153Er和157Yb的EC/β＋衰变纲图简介

本文简单介绍了首次成功地测定这两个衰变纲图的技术难点、实验过程、主要实验结果及物理意义。 EC/β+ decay schemes of 153Er and 157Yb are proposed for the first time. The related technical difficulty, experimental process, main results and their physics are representedbrigly.     

Systematic Study on Alpha Decay Half-Lives of Superheavy Nuclei

The α-decay half-lives of a set of superheavy nuclear isotope chain from Z = 105 to 120 have been analyzed systematically within the WKB method, and some nuclear structure features are found. The decay barriers have been determined in the quasi-molecular shape path within the Generalized Liquid Drop Model （GLDM） including the proximity effects between nucleons in a neck and the mass and charge asymmetry. The results are in reasonable agreement with the published experimental data for the alpha decay half-llves of isotopes of charge 112, 114, and 116, of the element 294118 and of some decay products. A comparison of present calculations with the results by the DDM3Y effective interaction and by the Viola-Seaborg-Sobiczewski （VSS） formulae is also made. The experimental a decay half lives all stand in between the GLDM calculations and VSS formula results. This demonstrates the possibility of these models to provide reasonable estimates for the half-lives of nuclear decays by a emissions for the domain of SHN. The half-lives of these new nuclei are thus well tested from the reasonable consistence of the macroscopic, the microscopic, the empirical formulae and the experimental data. This also shows that the present data of SHN themselves are consistent. It could suggest that the present experimental claims on the existence of new elements Z =110 - 118 are reliable. It is expected that greater deviations of a few SHN between the data and the model may be eliminated by further improvements on the precision of the measurements.     

Properties of the Alpha Decay Chain Nuclei of ^310 126, ^292 120 and ^298 114

The properties of the a decay nuclei of^310 126, ^292 120 and ^298 114 are investigated in the deformed relativistic meanfield model. The nuclear properties are investigated with the TMA and NL-Z2 parameter sets, and compared with Moller‘s result [At. Data Nucl. Data Tables 59 (1995) 185]. The results show that the a decay energy increases systematically with the increasing proton number. Meanwhile, the a decay energy has a minimum value at the point of shell closure. It is also found that among the three nuclei, ^292 120 is more possible to be the next doubly magic nucleus.     

Rare semileptonic decays of heavy mesons in the heavy quark limit

We study the branching ratios of D^＋ → D^0e^＋ν, Ds^＋ → D^0e^＋ν, Bs^0→B^＋e^-^-ν, Ds^＋→D^＋e^-e^＋ and Bs^0→B^0e^-e^＋ rare semileptonic decay processes, which are induced by decays of light quarks, the heavy quarks remain unchanged. The branching ratios of these decay processes are estimated in the heavy quark limit and with SU（3） flavor symmetry. We find that the decay rates are very tiny in the framework of the Standard Model. We also estimate the sensitivities of the measurements of these rare decays at the future experiments, such as BES-Ⅲ, super-B and LHC-b. Observations of these decays may shed some light on new physics beyond the standard model.     

高温核的奇异衰变过程

本文简要评述了中能重离子碰撞中可能存在的奇异密度分布形状──气泡核和环形核的形成,并论述了实验观测方面的可能特征． Possible existence of the exotic density shapes-the formation of nuclear bubbles and rings-in the domain of intermediate energy heavy ion collisions have been briefly reviewed. Some experimental consequences were dicussed.     

基于两势方法系统研究壳结构对原子核α衰变的影响

基于两势方法（two-potential-approach,TPA）系统研究了偶-偶核、奇-A核和奇-奇核α衰变半衰期。为了考虑原子核的壳结构的影响而导致的实验半衰期与计算结果之间的偏差,引入了与α结团形成概率相关的禁戒因子和预形成因子。结合前期相关工作[X.D.Sun et al.,Phys.Rev.C 93,034316（2016）;X.D.Sun et al.,Phys.Rev.C 95,014319（2017）;X.D.Sun et al.,Phys.Rev.C 95,044303（2017）],考虑到壳效应对α粒子预形成的影响,通过分析α衰变半衰期的实验数据,拟合得到了α粒子预形成因子/禁戒因子修正公式的参数,得到了α衰变预形成因子/禁戒因子的计算结果,证实了壳效应及质子-中子相互作用在α结团形成过程中起着重要的作用,离壳越近预形成概率越小离壳越远预形成概率越大。In the present work, the α decay half-lives are systematically studied within the two-potentialapproach for even-even nuclei, odd-A nuclei and odd-odd nuclei. To describe the deviations between experimental half-lives and calculated results due to the nuclear shell structure, α preformation factor and hindrance factor related with α cluster preformation probability are introduced. It is consistent with our previous works[X. D. Sun et al., Phys. Rev. C 93, 034316 (2016); X. D. Sun et al., Phys. Rev. C 95, 014319 (2017); X. D. Sun et al., Phys. Rev. C 95, 044303 (2017)]. Considering the shell effect on the preformation of α and by analyzing the experimental data of the α decay half-lives, the parameters of the α preformation factor/hindrance factor correction formula are obtained. we confirm that the shell effect and the proton-neutron correlation play key roles in the α preformation where the preformation probability near the shell is less than the preformation probability far from the shell.     

Shell-Model Calculations of β Decays in 18N

We investigate β decays of the neutron-rich nucleus ^18 N and the structure of the daughter nucleus ^18 O using the shell model. The reduced transition strengths B（GT） and branching ratios of the/3 decays in ^18 N are calculated in the psd and spsdpf shell spaces with the WBT interaction. The calculations in the two different spaces are compared. The psd calculations obtain a better agreement with the observation of the β-delayed neutron emission, which seems to show that the observed properties of ^18 N and ^18 O are mainly produced by one particle being excited from the p-shell to the sd-shell.     

Isoscaling in Statistical Sequential Decay Model

A sequential decay model is used to study isoscaling, i.e. the factorization of the isotope ratios from sources of different isospins and sizes over a broad range of excitation energies, into fugacity terms of proton and neutron number, R21（N, Z） = Y2（ N, Z）/Y1（ N, Z） = Cexp（αN -βZ）. It is found that the isoscaling parameters α and β have a strong dependence on the isospin difference of equilibrated source and excitation energy, no significant influence of the source size on α andβ has been observed. It is found that α and β decrease with the excitation energy and are linear functions of 1/T and △（Z/A）2 or△（N/A）2 of the sources. Symmetry energy coefticient Gsym is constrained from the relationship of a and source △（Z/A）2, /3 and source △（N/A）2.     

重离子周边碰撞和中心碰撞引起的不同裂变行为

本实验同时研究了4 0Ar+209Bi反应中周边碰撞和中心碰撞两者产生的关联裂变碎片,以及其与α粒子的再关联.对裂变碎片质量分布和能量分布随热裂变核初始温度演化的系统分析,发现中心碰撞和周边碰撞所形成的热核存在着不同的裂变行为. Correlated fission fragments from the 40Ar+209Bi reaction and their further correlation with α particles have been studied for peripheral and central collisions simultaneously. The existence of different fission behavior of hot nuclei formed in central and peripheral collisions was found from the systematic analysis of the mass and energy distributions of fission fragments as a function of the initial temperature of hot fissioning nuclei.     

Clarification of Confusion in Level Scheme of 124Cs

Low-lying and high-spin states of ^124 Cs are studied through the ^116 Sn（^11 B,3n）^124 Cs reaction at a beam energy of 45 MeV. Several new linking transitions are observed, including three transitions between the yrast and πh11/2 vd3/2 bands and two transitions between the yrast and πh11/2 v（d5/2, g7/2） bands. These transitions fix the excitation energy of the yrast band and its decay path, and confirm the existence of eight E1 finking transitions between the yrast and πh11/2 v（d5/2, 97/2） bands observed before. These E1 linking transitions infer the oetupole correlation in ^124Cs. The decay paths of the yrast band are investigated, and discrepancies in the level scheme of ^124Cs in the latest two studies are clarified. The reason for the discrepancies is discussed. A new decoupled band is established and temporarily assigned as the unfavored signature partner of πh11/2 vd3/2 configuration.     

采用AVR控制器的GPS授时与定位装置的设计与制作

本文以解析GPS的时间信息和位置信息为目标,通过使用嵌入式GPS模块和AVR控制器,设计和制作GPS授时与定位装置,实现时间信息和位置信息的解析和显示等问题。本文首先给出了基于GPS模块和AVR控制器的授时与定位装置的整体构架,然后对各个部分的 硬件进行详细设计,给出了硬件设计电路和软件设计框图。最后对所设计的基于GPS模块和AVR控制器的授时与定位装置进行实物制作,证明了设计内容的正确性和可行性,具有一定的实际应用价值。     

三维荧光光谱结合EEMD与SWATLD测定水中多环芳烃

多环芳烃（PAHs）类物质具有致畸、致癌、致突变的性质,严重污染生态环境,进而对人类的健康及动植物生长造成威胁。PAHs通过排污、大气沉降、地表径流等各种循环途径进入水环境中,由于种类众多且化学性质相似,常规的检测方法如化学滴定法、电化学法等很难实现快速准确的测定。为实现复杂体系中PAHs的定性与定量,工作中基于三维荧光光谱分析法,结合集合经验模态分解（EEMD）去噪与自加权交替三线性分解（SWATLD）二阶校正,对超纯水以及池塘水环境中的苊（ANA）和萘（NAP）进行分析测定。首先选择合理的浓度配制样本,用FS920荧光光谱仪测得样品的三维荧光光谱,利用空白扣除法将光谱数据中的散射消除,得到真实的光谱数据。然后对去除散射的数据进行EEMD降噪处理,该方法具有自适应性强、参数设置简便的优点,能够去除嘈杂信息,提高数据信噪比,并将去噪参数与快速傅里叶变换、小波滤波和经验模态分解进行比较。最后用SWATLD算法以“数学分离”代替“化学分离”,对超纯水和池塘水环境中光谱重叠的ANA和NAP进行定性识别和定量预测,该算法对组分数的选择不敏感,能够在未知干扰物共存情况下实现多组分目标分析物的同时检测,即具有“二阶优势”,并将预测结果与平行因子分析进行比较。结果表明空白扣除法能够成功将拉曼散射消除。EEMD降噪方法使ANA和NAP的光谱更加规整平滑,有效信息更加突出,该方法去噪后数据信噪比为16.845 2,均方根误差为11.136 6,波形相似系数为0.990 9,三项指标均优于快速傅里叶变换和经验模态分解等其他去噪方法,能达到小波滤波的去噪效果并且不用设置先验参数。利用SWATLD二阶校正方法得到验证样本中ANA与NAP的分解光谱与实际光谱基本吻合,平均预测回收率分别为96.4%和104.2%,预测均方根误差分别为0.105和0.092 μg·L-1;在存在未知干扰物的池塘水样本中,分解出的光谱依然能与实际光谱吻合,ANA与NAP两者的平均预测回收率分别为94.8%和105.5%,预测均方根误差分别为0.067和0.169 μg·L-1;与平行因子分析相比,两项指标均具有优势。     

Numerical study on the splitting of a vapor bubble in the ultrasonic assisted EDM process with the curved tool and workpiece

Electrical discharge machining (EDM) is a powerful and modern method of machining. In the EDM process, a vapor bubble is generated between the tool and the workpiece in the dielectric liquid due to an electrical discharge. In this process dynamic behavior of the vapor bubble affects machining process. Vibration of the tool surface affects bubble behavior and consequently affects material removal rate (MRR). In this paper, dynamic behavior of the vapor bubble in an ultrasonic assisted EDM process after the appearance of the necking phenomenon is investigated. It is noteworthy that necking phenomenon occurs when the bubble takes the shape of an hour-glass. After the appearance of the necking phenomenon, the vapor bubble splits into two parts and two liquid jets are developed on the boundaries of the upper and lower parts of the vapor bubble. The liquid jet developed on the upper part of the bubble impinges to the tool and the liquid jet developed on the lower part of the bubble impinges to the workpiece. These liquid jets cause evacuation of debris from the gap between the tool and the workpiece and also cause erosion of the workpiece and the tool. Curved tool and workpiece affect the shape and the velocity of the liquid jets during splitting of the vapor bubble. In this paper dynamics of the vapor bubble after its splitting near the curved tool and workpiece is investigated in three cases. In the first case surfaces of the tool and the workpiece are flat, in the second case surfaces of the tool and the workpiece are convex and in the third case surfaces of the tool and workpiece are concave. Numerical results show that in the third case, the velocity of liquid jets which are developed on the boundaries of the upper and lower parts of the vapor bubble after its splitting have the highest magnitude and their shape are broader than the other cases.     

某机载惯导设备原位测试仪设计

针对某机载惯导设备在外场的测试需求,设计了以PC-104为显示、控制和数据处理核心,并扩展程控数字表、多通道矩阵板,构建了原位测试仪的硬件电路。根据系统的功能要求和硬件电路特性,利用LabWindows/CVI虚拟仪器平台编制了人机接口界面和测试程序,控制硬件电路对某惯导设备的静态电阻和在线电压进行测试,并接收、分析、处理惯导原位工作时输出的实时串行数据,完成对惯导设备的静态测试和动态性能监测,实现对某机载惯导设备原位测试过程的自动化和测试结果管理的智能化,提高了测试效率和测试精度。该仪器通过改变或控制测试仪器的类别,可实现对多路信号多种性能指标的测试。应用结果表明,该测试仪具有性能稳定、操作简便、应用领域广、通用性强等特点。     

硅镁凝胶对杉木的强化及固着机制研究

硅镁凝胶浸渍改性杉木在物理力学性能方面提升较佳,探究硅镁凝胶在杉木中的固着性能和机制,对后续研究与创新具有一定意义。以硅镁凝胶为改性药剂,人工林杉木为基材,浸渍干燥后制得改性杉木。通过FTIR和XPS分析杉木素材和改性杉木的化学成分和结合方式,并对硅镁凝胶在木材中的分布以及改性杉木的渗透性进行探讨。实验结果表明：硅镁凝胶浸渍改性杉木的物理力学性能得到明显改善,密度均达到0.5 g·cm-3以上,抗压强度和抗弯强度相比杉木素材分别提升了99.73%和58.48%,端面硬度从3 659 N提升到5 843 N,基本已达到中等木材的性能指标。EDS结果证明药剂在杉木细胞腔中填充状况良好,Si,O,Na和Mg等主要元素与浸渍药剂硅镁凝胶相符且分布均匀。对浸洗前后的改性杉木试样和素材分别进行分层XPS测试,改性材的O/C增大,各元素在不同深度的含量十分接近,硅镁凝胶在杉木中分布均匀,具有良好的渗透性;浸洗后Si元素含量稳定,而钠元素有所降低,可能是部分钠盐的溶解流失造成,且不同深度的元素含量变化趋于一致,改性杉木的抗流失性较好。相比于硅酸钠浸渍改性杉木,硅镁凝胶改性杉木在96 h流失率降低到10.8%,抗流失效果较好。FTIR测试结果表明硅酸钠溶液对杉木的木质素和半纤维素有破坏和脱出作用,对杉木的通透性有所改善,且更容易与药剂形成化学键结合。C,O和Si元素的XPS谱图结果表明,改性后C(1s)向低结合能偏移,性质更加稳定,O—H结合大量减少,Si—O结合增多,硅镁凝胶能够在杉木中形成稳定的Si—O—C化学结构,药剂能够在细胞壁上实现高效固着。研究结果为改性材的药剂流失性检测和固着性研究提供新的思路,为硅镁凝胶浸渍改性杉木后续研究提供一定的理论支持。     

近-中红外光谱融合技术速测奶牛场粪水氮磷含量

快速准确测定粪水/沼液中的氮磷养分含量,是现阶段我国规模化奶牛场在种养结合道路上亟需破解的技术瓶颈。针对传统的实验室湿化学检测方法难以满足奶牛场粪水还田前任一节点氮磷快速定量的现实问题,研究开发了基于近红外、中红外及近-中红外光谱融合技术,实现规模化奶牛场粪水运移全链条环节氮磷含量的本土化快速检测方法。采集了天津地区27家种养结合型规模化奶牛场粪水流经全程环节（集粪沟、集污池、氧化塘等）共计144个样品,使用傅里叶变换近红外光谱仪和中红外光谱仪分别采集了12 000～4 000和4000～650 cm-1区间的光谱数据,对所有样品的近红外光谱、中红外光谱及近-中红外光谱融合数据进行归一化、基线校正、SNV等预处理,分析了近红外光谱和中红外光谱特征,采用浓度梯度法进行样品分集,运用偏最小二乘（PLS）、间隔偏最小二乘（IPLS）和联合区间偏最小二乘（SIPLS）法,构建了粪水总氮（TN）、总磷（TP）的近红外模型和中红外模型。粪水TN模型预测结果较好,近红外和中红外最佳模型趋近一致;粪水TP模型的预测性能不理想,近红外和中红外SIPLS最佳模型的R2_pred仅分别为0.790和0.631,RPD分别为2.213和1.479,四分位数间隔（RPIQ）分别为3.616和2.351,难以用于实际检测;为实现粪水氮磷同步有效的测定分析,进一步提升模型整体预测性能,综合近红外光谱和中红外光谱数据建立了粪水氮磷近-中红外融合模型,光谱区间为12 000～650 cm-1,预测性能整体表现良好,以近-中红外融合IPLS模型预测结果最为理想,其R2_pred分别为0.970和0.861,RPD分别为5.615和2.684,RPIQ分别为12.874和4.394,总体优于单一近、中红外模型,尤其TP的最佳融合模型,其R2_pred相比近、中红外最佳单一模型分别高出0.071和0.170。研究表明,近-中红外光谱融合技术可以实现对规模化奶牛场粪水运移全链条环节氮磷含量的准确速测,为粪水科学还田提供技术支撑。     

与地理环境相关的中国铁路客运网拓扑结构

以中国铁路车站作为“节点”,每辆列车经过的相邻两个停靠车站之间连接一条“边”,构成有方向有权重的中国铁路客运网.首先研究了该网络的拓扑结构,包括连接度、聚集系数、最短路径和强度,结果表明中国铁路客运网的连接度分布,强度分布都是介于指数分布和幂率分布之间,是一个具有小世界性质的阶层网络.修建铁路需考虑人口分布,行政区域等因素.铁路固定设施成本高,修建完成后很难做变动,因此需考虑诸多空间地理环境对中国铁路客运网的影响,如站点的连接度和站点的相连站点之间的平均行驶距离之间的关系、车站的分布密度与人口密度的关系, 关键词： 铁路客运网 拓扑统计 小世界 地理环境     

基于锥形单玻璃管X射线聚焦镜表征X射线光源参数

X射线光源的焦斑尺寸和焦深对X射线光谱学,尤其是对于微区X射线衍射与荧光分析等领域十分重要的参数。如何高效而准确的表征这些参数对于X射线光源的应用和发展至关重要。现有的光源参数表征方法,尤其在表征微焦斑光源的参数时,都存在自身的局限性。锥形单玻璃管X射线聚焦镜是一种常用的X射线聚焦器件。根据锥形单玻璃管X射线聚焦镜滤波特性和几何特点,分析得到聚焦镜的聚焦光能量上限的大小受到光源焦斑尺寸的影响,提出这个能量上限与光源尺寸和光源到聚焦镜入口的距离之间的数学关系。设计了一种基于锥形单玻璃管X射线聚焦镜的表征X射线光源参数的方法。对锥形单玻璃管X射线聚焦镜的参数进行测量和确定后,将聚焦镜放置要测量的光源前,与光源形成聚焦光路。在光路准直并确保只有在聚焦镜内发生单次全反射的X射线射出聚焦镜的情况下,通过改变聚焦镜与光源焦斑距离并利用能谱探测系统来探测聚焦光并得到多个对应的聚焦光能谱。对所得能谱进行计算与分析,得到各能谱中的能量最大值,即聚焦光的能量上限。利用聚焦光能量上限、光源焦斑尺寸和光源到聚焦镜的距离之间的关系并结合线性拟合法,可同时得到光源焦斑尺寸和焦深。选用制造商给出焦斑尺寸约60 μm,焦深为20 mm的微焦斑钼靶光源作为测量对象,利用基于锥形单玻璃管X射线聚焦镜的表征方法测量的结果为焦斑尺寸为60.1 μm,焦深为19.7 mm。用小孔成像法表征该光源焦斑尺寸为60.3 μm,焦深为20.1 mm。相较于现有的方法,基于锥形单玻璃管X射线聚焦镜的表征X射线光源参数方法对表征微焦斑光源有一定优势,对表征高能X射线光源有潜在发展和利用价值。     

Dynamics of magnetization in ferromagnet with spin-transfer torque

We review our recent works on dynamics of magnetization in ferromagnet with spin-transfer torque. Driven by constant spin-polarized current, the spin-transfer torque counteracts both the precession driven by the effective field and the Gilbert damping term different from the common understanding. When the spin current exceeds the critical value, the conjunctive action of Gilbert damping and spin-transfer torque leads naturally the novel screw-pitch effect characterized by the temporal oscillation of domain wall velocity and width. Driven by space- and time-dependent spin-polarized current and magnetic field, we expatiate the formation of domain wall velocity in ferromagnetic nanowire. We discuss the properties of dynamic magnetic soliton in uniaxial anisotropic ferromagnetic nanowire driven by spin-transfer torque, and analyze the modulation instability and dark soliton on the spin wave background, which shows the characteristic breather behavior of the soliton as it propagates along the ferromagnetic nanowire. With stronger breather character, we get the novel magnetic rogue wave and clarify its formation mechanism. The generation of magnetic rogue wave mainly arises from the accumulation of energy and magnons toward to its central part. We also observe that the spin-polarized current can control the exchange rate of magnons between the envelope soliton and the background, and the critical current condition is obtained analytically. At last, we have theoretically investigated the current-excited and frequency-adjusted ferromagnetic resonance in magnetic trilayers. A particular case of the perpendicular analyzer reveals that the ferromagnetic resonance curves, including the resonant location and the resonant linewidth, can be adjusted by changing the pinned magnetization direction and the direct current. Under the control of the current and external magnetic field, several magnetic states, such as quasi-parallel and quasi-antiparallel stable states, out-of-plane precession, and bistable states can be realized. Th     

利用X射线衍射技术分析黄藤材微纤丝角、结晶度及γ射线的影响

为了解棕榈藤材基本材性、提高我国棕榈藤资源高附加值加工利用水平,以我国特有的黄藤为研究对象,应用X射线衍射法测定黄藤材微纤丝角、结晶度,并就γ射线辐照处理对微纤丝角、结晶度有何影响进行了分析。结果表明:纤维微纤丝角在33.4°～38.7°范围内,平均为36.1°;藤皮处微纤丝角不比藤芯处的大。当标准剂量率为2.5×103Gy.h-1、辐射剂量分别为3,9和15kGy三个水平时,辐照处理前后对应微纤丝角分别为36.2°和35.8°,35.9°和35.4°,36.2°和35.4°,较处理前分别减小了1.10%,1.39%和2.21%。纤维素结晶度在24.8%～32.0%范围内,平均为28.6%,藤皮处结晶度均比藤芯处高。辐照处理前后对应结晶度分别为28.1%和26.0%,28.1%和26.9%,28.5%和27.1%,较处理前分别减小了7.58%,4.34%和4.70%,其中当辐射剂量为3kGy时,辐照导致结晶度差异在0.001水平上极显著。