α decay energies and half-lives from a macroscopic-microscopic model

α decay energies of 323 heavy nuclei with Z≥82 are evaluated with a macroscopic-microscopic model. In this model, the macroscopic part is treated by the continuous medium model and the microscopic part consists of shell and pairing corrections based on the Nilsson potential. α decay half-lives are calculated by Viola-Seaborg formula. The results of α decay energies and half-lives are compared with experimental values and satisfactory agreement is found. The recoiling effect of the daughter nucleus on α decay half-life is also discussed.     

α decay energies and half-lives from a macroscopic-microscopic model

α decay energies of 323 heavy nuclei with Z≥82 are evaluated with a macroscopic-microscopic model.In this model,the macroscopic part is treated by the continuous medium model and the microscopic part consists of shell and pairing corrections based on the Nilsson potential.α decay half-lives are calculated by Viola-Seaborg formula.The results of α decay energies and half-lives are compared with experimental values and satisfactory agreement is found.The recoiling effect of the daughter nucleus on α decay half-life is also discussed.     

Tunnelling Effect and Hawking Radiation from a Vaidya Black Hole

We extend Parikh＇s study to the non-stationary black hole. As an example of the non-stationary black hole, we investigate the tunnelling effect and Hawking radiation from a Vaidya black hole whose Bondi mass is identical to its mass parameter. The Hawking radiation is considered as a tunnelling process across the event horizon and we calculate the tunnelling probability. It is found that the is the function of Bondi mass re（υ）. result is different from Parikh＇s study because dr H/dυ     

Quasi-integrable and superintegrable systems from a ‘deformed-mass’ two-photon algebra

A quantum deformation of the two-photon (or Schrödinger) Lie algebra is introduced in order to construct newn-dimensional classical Hamiltonian systems which have (n?2) functionally independent integrals of motion in involution; we say that such Hamiltonians define quasi-integrable systems. Furthermore, Hopf subalgebras of this quantum two-photon algebra (quantum extended Galilei and harmonic oscillator algebras) provide another set of (n?1) integrals of motion for Hamiltonians defined on these Hopf subalgebras, so that they lead to superintegrable systems.     

Spin Switch and Qubit Register from a Spin Particle Controlled by a Time-Dependent Magnetic Field

A spin particle subjected to any time-dependent magnetic field is investigated in detail at different magnetic field configurations. Spin flip probability, spin alignment, cyclic and noncyclic nonadiabatic geometric phases are calculated exactly and their analytical expressions are presented. Our theoretical study shows that a spin particle controlled by a resonant time-dependent magnetic field can be used as efficient controllable devices of spin switch or qubit register.     

Escape from a Riddled-Like Basin

We investigate a system described by a conservative and a dissipative map concatenation. A fat fractal forbidden net, induced by interaction between discontinuous and noninvertible properties, introduces rippled-like attraction basins of two periodic attractors. Small areas, which serve as escaping holes of a new type of crisis, are dominated by conventional strong dissipation and are bounded by the forbidden region, but only in the vicinity of each periodic point. Based on this understanding, the scaling behaviour of the averaged lifetime of the crisis is analytically and numerically determined to be （τ） ∝ （b-b0）^γ, where b denotes the control parameter, bo denotes its critical threshold, and γ≌-1.5.     

Wavelength and duration tunable soliton generation from a regeneratively mode-locked fiber laser

A 10-GHz soliton source with pulse duration between 4-8 ps and wavelength continuously tunable from 1530 to 1563 nm is presented. Using regeneratively mode-locking technology, the harmonically modelocked fiber ring laser could work without pulse dropout at room temperature when no cavity length or polarization maintaining mechanism is available. Applying only one 980-nm laser diode pump, the average output power reaches more than 4 mW.     

Dynamically generated $N^$ resonances from the interaction of two mesons and a baryon

We have studied the ππN system and coupled channels by using of the Faddeev equations and two N＊ and one A states, all of them with jR =1/2＋, have been found in the formalism as dynamically generated states. In addition, signatures for a new N＊ resonance with JR = 1/2＋ are found around an energy of 1920 MeV in the three-body center of mass system.     

Dislocation energy and calculation from Peierls stress： a rigorous the lattice theory

In the classical Peierls--Nabarro (P-N) theory of dislocation, there is a long-standing contradiction that the stable configuration of dislocation has maximum energy rather than minimum energy. In this paper, the dislocation energy is calculated rigorously in the context of the full lattice theory. It is found that besides the misfit energy considered in the classical P-N theory, there is an extra elastic strain energy that is also associated with the discreteness of lattice. The contradiction can be automatically removed provided that the elastic strain energy associated with the discreteness is taken into account. This elastic strain energy is very important because its magnitude is larger than the misfit energy, its sign is opposite to the misfit energy. Since the elastic strain energy and misfit energy associated with discreteness cancel each other, and the width of dislocation becomes wide in the lattice theory, the Peierls energy, which measures the height of the effective potential barrier, becomes much smaller than that given in the classical P-N theory. The results calculated here agree with experimental data. Furthermore, based on the results obtained, a useful formula of the Peierls stress is proposed to fully include the discreteness effects.     

Reflected and transmitted powers from a planar isotropic chiral–uniaxial anisotropic chiral interface

In this paper, analysis and theoretical investigations are carried out to find the reflected and transmitted powers for a planar isotropic chiral–uniaxially anisotropic chiral interface with optical axis parallel to interface. The expressions of the reflected and transmitted powers for right-circularly polarized (RCP) and left-circularly polarized (LCP) incident waves are derived. Results of the reflected and transmitted powers for the RCP and LCP incident waves from materials with different isotropic chirality and uniaxial chirality values are presented. The effect of the uniaxial chirality on three other cases of dielectric constant combinations is also studied. The numerical results derived from the presented analytical expressions are found to be in good agreement with those obtained by computational techniques elsewhere.     

Quasi-two-dimensional diamond crystals: Deposition from a gaseous phase and structural–morphological properties

Diamond films predominantly consisting of plane micrometer-size crystallites with a thickness of several dozen nanometers have been deposited from a methane–hydrogen gas mixture activated by a dc gas discharge. The crystallite structure has been studied by scanning and transmission electron microscopy and diffraction. A possible mechanism of formation of plane crystallites during deposition of diamond from the gas phase has been discussed. It has been shown that the results agree with the theoretical concepts of formation of crystals with a face-centered cubic lattice.     

λ=2537 Å line from a low-pressure mercury discharge lamp emission profile and line absorption by a gas containing a mercury vapor

By measuring the emission-line intensity of Hgi =2537 Å (6³ P6¹ S) from a low-pressure mercurcury lamp, we have determined the dependence of the upper-level population on the discharge current and the mercury vapor density. From the radial profile of the intensity the spatial distribution function of the population has been determined to be the zero-th order decay mode for the trapped radiation. Line absorption by mercury vapor in a cell has been measured with various mercury densities and Lorentzian widths. The results are consistent with the upper-level population distribution as determined above. On the basis of these findings we calculate the emission-line profile and its change during the absorption in the absorption cell. The amount of absorption at an arbitrary depth of the absorption cell is calculated, and the optimum cold-spot temperature of the lamp of 40–50°C is suggested for the maximum absorption under the typical condition of the photo-CVD experiment.     

Stable carbon isotopic composition of tree rings from a pine tree from Augustów Wilderness,Poland, as a temperature and local environment conditions indicator

Tree rings can be used as archives of climatic and environmental data with annual resolution. Tree rings widths, maximum late wood density and other parameters as stable composition in tree rings can be used for the reconstruction of past climatic and environmental changes. Stable carbon isotope ratios in tree rings may provide valuable information on past climatic conditions. ¹³C/¹²C ratios of plant organic matter can reflect corresponding ¹³C/¹²C ratio of atmospheric CO₂ during formation of the rings. Investigations of isotopic carbon composition in tree rings from in the ecologically clean the Augustów Wilderness region in the north-eastern part of Poland (22°58′E, 53°51′N) (nowadays a sanctuary) were undertaken. Series of δ¹³C in α-cellulose and in wholewood were acquired. Those measurements constituted a part of more complex investigations of carbon isotope composition in tree rings including the measurements of radiocarbon concentration and tree ring widths. This article presents preliminary results. It is argued that contrary to the tree ring widths and δ¹³C in wholewood that do not reveal significant correlation with temperature, the variation of δ¹³C in the latewood α-cellulose is correlated with combined July and August temperatures.     

Topological Plasma Transport from a Diffusion View

Recent studies have identified plasma as a topological material. Yet, these researches often depict plasma as a fluid governed by electromagnetic fields, i.e., a classical wave system. Indeed, plasma transport can be characterized by a unique diffusion process distinguished by its collective behaviors. We adopt a simplified diffusion-migration method to elucidate the topological plasma transport. Drawing parallels to the thermal conduction-convection system, we introduce a double-ring model to i...     

Gravitational and electromagnetic radiation from binary black holes with electric and magnetic charges: hyperbolic orbits on a cone

We derive the hyperbolic orbit of binary black holes with electric and magnetic charges. In the low-velocity and weak-field regime, by using the Newtonian method, we calculate the total emission rate of energy due to gravitational and electromagnetic radiation from binary black holes with electric and magnetic charges in hyperbolic orbits. Moreover, we develop a formalism to derive the merger rate of binary black holes with electric and magnetic charges from the twobody dynamical capture. We app...     

Stable carbon isotopic composition of tree rings from a pine tree from Augustów Wilderness, Poland, as a temperature and local environment conditions indicator

Tree rings can be used as archives of climatic and environmental data with annual resolution. Tree rings widths, maximum late wood density and other parameters as stable composition in tree rings can be used for the reconstruction of past climatic and environmental changes. Stable carbon isotope ratios in tree rings may provide valuable information on past climatic conditions. 13C/12C ratios of plant organic matter can reflect corresponding 13C/12C ratio of atmospheric CO2 during formation of the rings. Investigations of isotopic carbon composition in tree rings from in the ecologically clean the Augustów Wilderness region in the north-eastern part of Poland (22 degrees 58'E, 53 degrees 51'N) (nowadays a sanctuary) were undertaken. Series of delta13C in alpha-cellulose and in wholewood were acquired. Those measurements constituted a part of more complex investigations of carbon isotope composition in tree rings including the measurements of radiocarbon concentration and tree ring widths. This article presents preliminary results. It is argued that contrary to the tree ring widths and delta13C in wholewood that do not reveal significant correlation with temperature, the variation of delta13C in the latewood alpha-cellulose is correlated with combined July and August temperatures.     

Radiation from relativistic electrons during entry into a magnetic field andβ decay in the field

This paper considers the radiation emitted when a nucleus experiences decay in a magnetic field, producing relativistic electrons. The spectral-angular distribution of the radiation from relativistic electrons in a sharply delineated magnetic field was also found.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 3, pp. 92–95, March, 1976.In conclusion, the authors express their gratitude to Prof. A. A. Sokolov for the stimulating interest he took in the paper and extend their thanks to V. Ch. Zhukovskii for his helpful discussion of the results obtained.