Global Weak Solutions¶for the Two-Dimensional Motion¶of Several Rigid Bodies¶in an Incompressible Viscous Fluid

We consider the two-dimensional motion of several non-homogeneous rigid bodies immersed in an incompressible non-homogeneous viscous fluid. The fluid, and the rigid bodies are contained in a fixed open bounded set of ?². The motion of the fluid is governed by the Navier-Stokes equations for incompressible fluids and the standard conservation laws of linear and angular momentum rule the dynamics of the rigid bodies. The time variation of the fluid domain (due to the motion of the rigid bodies) is not known a priori, so we deal with a free boundary value problem. The main novelty here is thedemonstration of the global existence of weak solutions for this problem. More precisely, the global character of the solutions we obtain is due to the fact that we do not need any assumption concerning the lack of collisions between several rigid bodies or between a rigid body and the boundary. We give estimates of the velocity of the bodies when their mutual distance or the distance to the boundary tends to zero.     

Modeling of properties and motions of an inhomogeneous one-dimensional continuum of a complicated Cosserat-type microstructure

We consider an approach to modeling the properties of the one-dimensional Cosserat continuum [1] by using the mechanical modeling method proposed by Il’yushin in [2] and applied in [3]. In this method, elements (blocks, cells) of special form are used to develop a discrete model of the structure so that the average properties of the model reproduced the properties of the continuum under study. The rigged rod model, which is an elastic structure in the form of a thin rod with massive inclusions (pulleys) fixed by elastic hinges on its elastic line and connected by elastic belt transmissions, is taken to be the original discrete model of the Cosserat continuum. The complete system of equations describing the mechanical properties and the dynamical equilibrium of the rigged rod in arbitrary plane motions is derived. These equations are averaged in the case of a sufficiently smooth variation in the parameters of motion along the rod (the long-wave approximation). It was found that the average equations exactly coincide with the equations for the one-dimensional Cosserat medium [1] and, in some specific cases, with the classical equations of motion of an elastic rod [4–6]. We study the plane motions of the one-dimensional continuum model thus constructed. The equations characterizing the continuum properties and motions are linearized by using several assumptions that the kinematic parameters are small. We solve the problem of natural vibrations with homogeneous boundary conditions and establish that each value of the parameter distinguishing the natural vibration modes is associated with exactly two distinct vibration mode shapes (in the same mode), each of which has its own frequency value.     

Existence of Weak Solutions for the Unsteady Interaction of a Viscous Fluid with an Elastic Plate

The purpose of this work is to study the existence of solutions for an unsteady fluid-structure interaction problem. We consider a three-dimensional viscous incompressible fluid governed by the Navier–Stokes equations, interacting with a flexible elastic plate located on one part of the fluid boundary. The fluid domain evolves according to the structure’s displacement, itself resulting from the fluid force. We prove the existence of at least one weak solution as long as the structure does not touch the fixed part of the fluid boundary. The same result holds also for a two-dimensional fluid interacting with a one-dimensional membrane.     

Nonlinear dynamics of an elastic rod with frictional impact

A model is presented for the impact with friction of a flexible body in translation and rotation. This model consists of a system of nonlinear differential equations which considers the multiple collisions as well as frictional effects at the contacting end, and allows one to predict the rigid and elastic body motion after the impact. The kinetic energy is derived by utilizing a generalized velocity field theory for elastic solids. The model uses a dry coefficient of friction and a nonlinear contact force. We introduce a finite number of vibrational modes to take into account the vibrational behavior of the body during impact. The vibrations, the multiple collisions, and the angle of incidence angle, are found to be important factors for the kinematics of frictional impact. Analytical and experimental results were compared to establish the accuracy of the model.     

MHD equations for paramagnetic media

The conservation laws are used to obtain phenomenologically the complete system of equations of motion of a conductive paramagnetic fluid in a magnetic field. In addition to the usual MHD equations (with additional terms accounting for the magnetization of the medium), this system includes the equation for the rate of change of the magnetic moment.The hydrodynamic equations for a fluid with internal rotation have been obtained in [1] and extended in [2] to the case of the paramagnetic properties resulting from this rotation: here the fluid was considered nonconducting. The analysis of [2] is extended to the case of a fluid with nonzero electrical conductivity. This will be the same extension of MHD as the theory of [1, 2] is for conventional hydrodynamics.     

The stiffness of an elastic solid with an embedded,nominally spherical inclusion subjected to a small arbitrary motion

The article examines the problem of translation and rotation of a nominally (slightly deformed) spherical rigid inclusion embedded into an unbounded elastic medium. To the first order in the small parameter characterizing the boundary perturbation, explicit expressions are deduced for the induced displacement field as well as for the net force and net torque required to produce the applied translation and rotation.     

Dynamic analysis on generalized linear elastic body subjected to large scale rigid rotations

The dynamic analysis of a generalized linear elastic body undergoing large rigid rotations is investigated. The generalized linear elastic body is described in kine- matics through translational and rotational deformations, and a modified constitutive relation for the rotational deformation is proposed between the couple stress and the curvature tensor. Thus, the balance equations of momentum and moment are used for the motion equations of the body. The floating frame of reference formulation is applied to the elastic body that conducts rotations about a fixed axis. The motion-deformation coupled model is developed in which three types of inertia forces along with their incre- ments are elucidated. The finite element governing equations for the dynamic analysis of the elastic body under large rotations are subsequently formulated with the aid of the constrained variational principle. A penalty parameter is introduced, and the rotational angles at element nodes are treated as independent variables to meet the requirement of C1 continuity. The elastic body is discretized through the isoparametric element with 8 nodes and 48 degrees-of-freedom. As an example with an application of the motion- deformation coupled model, the dynamic analysis on a rotating cantilever with two spatial layouts relative to the rotational axis is numerically implemented. Dynamic frequencies of the rotating cantilever are presented at prescribed constant spin velocities. The maximal rigid rotational velocity is extended for ensuring the applicability of the linear model. A complete set of dynamical response of the rotating cantilever in the case of spin-up maneuver is examined, it is shown that, under the ultimate rigid rotational velocities less than the maximal rigid rotational velocity, the stress strength may exceed the material strength tolerance even though the displacement and rotational angle responses are both convergent. The influence of the cantilever layouts on their responses and the multiple displacement trajectories observed in the floating frame is simultaneously investigated. The motion-deformation coupled model is surely expected to be applicable for a broad range of practical applications.     

Change of Accumulation Mechanisms of Irreversible Deformations of Materials in an Example of Viscometric Deformation

Within the framework of the model of large deformations, the deformation of a material exhibiting elastic, viscous, and plastic properties and placed between two rigid cylinders is investigated when turning the internal cylinder. The accumulation of irreversible deformations prior to the onset of plastic flow and upon its termination is associated with creep. Reversible and irreversible deformations according to the model in question are determined by differential transport equations. To calculate the displacement fields, stresses, and reversible, irreversible, and complete deformations, a system of partial differential equations is obtained, for which a finite-difference scheme is constructed.     

An Initial and Boundary Value Problem Modeling of Fish-like Swimming

In this paper we consider an initial and boundary value problem that models the self-propelled motion of solids in a bidimensional viscous incompressible fluid. The self-propelling mechanism, consisting of appropriate deformations of the solids, is a simplified model of the propulsion mechanism of fish-like swimmers. The governing equations consist of the Navier–Stokes equations for the fluid, coupled to Newton’s laws for the solids. Since we consider the case in which the fluid–solid system fills a bounded domain we have to tackle a free boundary value problem. The main theoretical result in the paper asserts the global existence and uniqueness (up to possible contacts) of strong solutions of this problem. The second novel result of this work is the provision of a numerical method for the fluid–solid system. This method provides a simulation of the simultaneous displacement of several swimmers and is tested on several examples.     

中心舱体与薄壁梁刚-柔耦合系统的热弹性-结构动力学分析

空间柔性结构受太阳热流冲击而诱发的振动是导致航天器失效的典型模式之一,准确预测结构热致振动的响应及稳定性是卫星设计的基础。针对常见的中心舱体与附属薄壁杆件组成的空间结构,提出了考虑刚-柔耦合、耦合热弹性和耦合热-结构三重耦合效应的热致振动分析理论模型。其中,刚-柔耦合是指舱体姿态角、顶端集中质量转动与柔性附件运动的耦合;耦合热弹性是指应变率与温度场的耦合;耦合热-结构是指舱体转动及结构变形与薄壁杆件吸收太阳热流的耦合。基于热弹性理论和Lagrange方程,推导了传热和运动的耦合方程;采用Laplace变换方法并使用Routh-Hurwitz稳定判据推导了稳定性边界方程。结果表明,该模型能够更为准确的给出热致振动响应及稳定性预测。     

The elastic response of a cohesive aggregate—a discrete element model with coupled particle interaction

A model is presented for the deformation of a cohesive aggregate of elastic particles that incorporates two important effects of large-sized inter-particle junctions. A finite element model is used to derive a particle response rule, for both normal and tangential relative deformations between pairs of particles. This model agrees with the Hertzian contact theory for small junctions, and is valid for junctions as large as half the nominal particle size. Further, the aggregate model uses elastic superposition to account for the coupled force–displacement response due to the simultaneous displacement of all of the neighbors of each particle in the aggregate. A particle stiffness matrix is developed, relating the forces at each junction to the three displacement degrees of freedom at all of the neighboring-particle junctions. The particle response satisfies force and moment equilibrium, so that the model is properly posed to allow for rigid rotation of the particle without introducing rotational degrees of freedom. A computer-simulated sintering algorithm is used to generate a random particle packing, and the stiffness matrix is derived for each particle. The effective elastic response is then estimated using a mean field or affine displacement calculation, and is also found exactly by a discrete element model, solving for the equilibrium response of the aggregate to uniform-strain boundary conditions. Both the estimate and the exact solution compare favorably with experimental data for the bulk modulus of sintered alumina, whereas Hertzian contact-based models underestimate the modulus significantly. Poisson's ratio is, however, accurately determined only by the full equilibrium discrete element solution, and shown to depend significantly on whether or not rigid particle rotation is permitted in the model. Moreover, this discrete element model is sufficiently robust, so it can be applied to problems involving non-homogeneous deformations in such cohesive aggregates.     

Pairwise Deformations of an Incompressible Elastic Body under Dead-Load Tractions

In this paper we obtain necessary conditions for the existence of pairwise deformations of an incompressible, isotropic elastic body subjected to a homogeneous distribution of dead-load tractions. Explicit restrictions on the boundary loads and on the surface of discontinuity between the phases are determined. For hyperelastic bodies with stored energy depending only on the first invariant of strain, we show that pairwise deformations under examination are necessarily (within a rigid rotation) plane deformations.     

The symmetrical adhesive contact problem for circular elastic cylinders

The rolling contact problem involving circular cylinders is at the heart of numerous industrial processes, and critical to any elastohydrodynamic lubrication analysis is an accurate knowledge of the associated contact pressure for the static dry problem. In a recent article [1] the authors have obtained new horizontal pressure distributions, both exact and approximate for various problems involving the symmetrical contact of circular elastic cylinders. In [1] it is assumed that only the circumferential horizontal displacement is prescribed in the contact region while the vertical circumferential displacement is left arbitrary and is assumed to take on whatever value is predicted by the deformation. The advantage of this assumption is that the problem reduces to a single singular integral equation which by transformations can be simplified to an integral equation involving the standard finite Hilbert transform. Here we consider the more general displacement boundary value problem within the contact region, and to be specific we examine the problem with zero vertical circumferential displacement and prescribed horizontal circumferential displacement. The solution of this problem involves two coupled singular integral equations for the horizontal and vertical pressure distributions. Basic equations and some approximate analytical solutions are obtained for symmetrical contact of circular elastic cylinders by both parallel plates and circular cylinders which are either rigid or elastic. Numerical results for the approximate analytical solutions are given for contact by rigid parallel plates and rigid circular cylinders.     

Global Strong Solutions for the Two-Dimensional Motion of an Infinite Cylinder in a Viscous Fluid

In this paper, we consider a two-dimensional fluid-rigid body problem. The motion of the fluid is modelled by the Navier-Stokes equations, whereas the dynamics of the rigid body is governed by the conservation laws of linear and angular momentum. The rigid body is supposed to be an infinite cylinder of circular cross-section. Our main result is the existence and uniqueness of global strong solutions.     

Contact problems on soft and rigid coatings of an elastic half-plane

The solutions of contact problems on a soft or rigid coating of an elastic half-plane are of great practical interest. Accordingly, the present paper is divided into two parts: in the first part, we consider the problem of interaction between a rigid biquadratic die and an elastic half-plane through a thin soft coating; in the second part, we consider the problem of interaction between a rigid plane die and an elastic half-plane through a thin rigid coating. We derive integral equations for the problems under study and construct their approximate solutions by a regular asymptotic method. Earlier, the question of studying such problems was posed, for example, in [1–3]. Here we use these results to a large extent.     

刚柔耦合约束多体系统的动力分析

本文提出了描述柔性多体系统的牵连坐标系统。该系统由惯性参考系,牵连坐标系,物体坐标系及单元坐标系组成,实现了对刚体平动,刚体转动及弹性运动的连续分解,最大限度地消除了由于刚体大角度转动导致的非线性特性。以有限元法为基础,应用拉格朗日方程建立了在该坐标下的刚柔耦合约束多体系统的动力学控制方程。该方程具有耦合程度小、易于推导、编程及求解等优点,为大规模约束多体系统的动力分析提供了新的途径。本文还讨论了平面铰链约束的约束形式及约束方程,最后给出了一个典型多体系统的数值算例。     

Oscillations of a vessel containing a viscous fluid

The oscillations of a rigid body having a cavity partially filled with an ideal fluid have been studied in numerous reports, for example, [1–6]. Certain analogous problems in the case of a viscous fluid for particular shapes of the cavity were considered in [6, 7]. The general equations of motion of a rigid body having a cavity partially filled with a viscous liquid were derived in [8]. These equations were obtained for a cavity of arbitrary form under the following assumptions: 1) the body and the liquid perform small oscillations (linear approximation applicable); 2) the Reynolds number is large (viscosity is small). In the case of an ideal liquid the equations of [8] become the previously known equations of [2–6]. In the present paper, on the basis of the equations of [8], we study the free and the forced oscillations of a body with a cavity (vessel) which is partially filled with a viscous liquid. For simplicity we consider translational oscillations of a body with a liquid, since even in this case the characteristic mechanical properties of the system resulting from the viscosity of the liquid and the presence of a free surface manifest themselves.The solutions are obtained for a cavity of arbitrary shape. We then consider some specific cavity shapes.     

A properly invariant theory of small deformations superposed on large deformations of an elastic rod

In the context of the direct or Cosserat theory of rods developed by Green, Naghdi and several of their co-workers, this paper is concerned with the development of a theory of small deformations which are superposed on large deformations. The resulting theory is properly invariant under all superposed rigid body motions. Furthermore, it is also valid for elastic rods which are subject to kinematical constraints, and it specializes to a linear theory of an elastic rod which is invariant under superposed rigid body motions. The construction of these theories is based on the method developed by Casey & Naghdi [1] who established similar theories for unconstrained nonpolar elastic bodies.