氯化钯在氟化四丁基铵中当场生成纳米钯：一种高效、可回收的催化体系，在无配体和无溶剂条件下催化Suzuki-Miyaura反应

氯化钯在氟化四丁基铵中当场生成纳米钯,该钯催化剂在Suzuki-Miyaura交叉偶联反应中显示很高的催化效率。在氯化钯和氟化四丁基铵存在下,许多芳基卤代烃可以顺利与芳基硼酸发生偶联反应,得到中等到高的产率。此外,在Suzuki-Miyaura偶联反应中该氯化钯/氟化四丁基铵催化体系可以回收重复使用多次,并且芳基溴代烃可以在15-60分钟内反应完全。值得指出的是,该反应是在无溶剂、无配体和催化体系可回收重复使用的条件下进行的。这和无配体条件下TBAB中钯催化卤代芳烃与芳基硼酸的Suzuki-Miyaura交叉偶联反应方法。该氯化钯/氟化四丁基铵催化反应的反应机理也进行了讨论。     

Suzuki-Miyaura偶联反应机理研究进展

钯催化的Suzuki-Miyaura偶联反应是目前应用最广泛的合成方法之一.它以卤化物和有机硼化物作为原料,可以高效地构建碳碳键.有机硼化物不仅具有转金属活性,而且与其它主族金属有机试剂相比具有化学性质稳定、安全低毒及合成方法多样的特点. Suzuki-Miyaura偶联反应具有反应条件温和、转化高效和底物普适性广等突出优势,是合成化学研究者构建C—C键的优先选择,而且它已在工业合成领域中被广泛应用.Suzuki-Miyaura偶联反应的快速发展与广泛应用离不开机理研究的进步.近三十年里,诸多研究者设计并开展了细致的机理研究,揭示了Suzuki-Miyaura偶联反应中更多的反应规律. Suzuki-Miyaura偶联反应的催化循环由氧化加成、转金属与还原消除三个过程组成,依次综述了各过程相关机理的研究进展,并在最后简单介绍了无过渡金属参与和无碱参与的Suzuki-Miyaura偶联反应.     

氯化钯多相催化无配体室温Suzuki-Miyaura反应

本文报道了温和及有效的氯化钯多相催化无配体Suzuki-Miyaura反应,反应在室温、敞口容器和短时间内完成。各种碘代芳烃、溴代芳烃和活泼的氯代芳烃与四苯硼钠和芳香有机硼酸偶联高产率生成相应的产物,而且催化剂可循环使用4次不降低活性。     

基于自由基机理的有机硼酯化反应

有机硼酸和硼酸酯化合物是以Suzuki-Miyaura偶联为代表的多种重要化学反应的底物.发展有机硼化合物的高效合成方法具有重要意义.近十年来,基于自由基机理的有机硼酯化反应得以发展,并迅速成为高效构建碳硼键的一类重要方法.自由基硼酯化反应的一般策略为：利用不同反应条件产生的碳自由基活泼中间体与联硼化合物反应,生成相应的有机硼酸或硼酸酯.本文根据反应产生的碳自由基种类的不同,将硼酯化反应分为基于芳基自由基和基于烷基自由基两大部分.各部分依据自由基前体种类的不同,又具体分为基于碳氮、碳氧、碳卤等化学键的硼酯化反应以及羧酸脱羧硼酯化反应.最后,我们进一步总结分析了未来自由基硼酯化反应的研究趋势.     

在催化体系可回收和无配体条件下溴化四丁基铵中钯催化卤代芳烃与芳基硼酸的Suzuki-Miyaura交叉偶联反应

我们发展一种在催化体系可回收和无配体条件下溴化四丁基铵（TBAB）中钯催化卤代芳烃与芳基硼酸的Suzuki-Miyaura交叉偶联反应方法。我们发现水的量对反应有很大的影响。当水的用量为1 %（质量比）时,反应的结果最好。在3 mol%的醋酸钯和1.5 g的TBAB（含1%的水）,一系列卤代芳烃与芳基硼酸的顺利地发生Suzuki-Miyaura交叉偶联反应,得到中等及良好的产率。而且在溴代芳烃和活泼的氯代芳烃的交叉反应中,Pd(OAc)2/TBAB催化体系可以回收重复使用多次,并且催化活性基本不变。     

发展高效的不对称Suzuki-Miyaura偶联反应及其合成应用

为解决不对称Suzuki-Miyaura交叉偶联反应中活性和选择性问题,我们设计并发展了一系列结构刚性的手性联芳基单膦配体.在发展高活性的大位阻交叉偶联反应方面,成功地实现了邻位四取代芳基芳基之间的Suzuki-Miyaura交叉偶联,并发展了官能团化的大位阻交叉偶联,在邻位二取代芳基溴苯与二级烷基硼酸之间的大位阻芳基烷基交叉偶联中也取得进展.在发展高立体选择性的交叉偶联反应方面,我们采用手性大位阻单膦配体和底物间次级作用相结合的设计理念,利用苯并噁唑啉酮辅基和芳基间的π-π作用,成功地发展了高立体选择性的邻位酰基化芳基芳基间不对称Suzuki-Miyaura偶联;利用极性基团双(2-氧代-3-噁唑烷基)次磷酰基(BOP)辅基和芳基间的极性π作用,成功地实现了应用性强的邻位氧基取代芳基芳基间高效不对称Suzuki-Miyaura偶联.最后我们首次将高效的不对称SuzukiMiyaura偶联方法学应用于天然产物合成,完成了手性联芳基天然产物Korupensamine A和Korupensamine B的高效不对称合成,并完成天然产物Michellamine B的立体选择性全合成.     

芳基多硼化合物的制备及其选择性偶联反应

正Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.2014,53,1822~1826钯催化有机硼酸与卤化物的反应,即Suzuki-Miyaura交叉偶联反应是应用最广泛的C—C键形成方法之一.为了更有效地合成更复杂的化合物,多官能团底物的制备和选择性反应就显得非常重要.多卤化物的研究已经广为人知,而反应性可以区分的多硼化合物则更具有挑战性,仅在近年来引起合成化学家的关注.文献中一些双硼化合物都是从含有其它官能团的有机硼制得,因而制备步骤繁琐,限制了其应用范围.西安交通大学前沿科学技术研究院有机     

基于Suzuki-Miyaura偶联反应探索有机化学反应机理的创新实验设计

Suzuki-Miyaura偶联反应作为构建碳碳键的最有效的手段之一,在制药、催化、先进材料制备等领域有着广泛的应用。介绍了一个有机化学综合创新实验——以Suzuki-Miyaura偶联反应中涉及的有机化学反应动力学为研究背景,探索了该反应体系中各物质浓度对反应速率的影响,解释了该反应的可能机理。通过该综合实验项目,有助于加深学生对Suzuki-Miyaura偶联反应机理的理解,激发学生对化学动力学的科研兴趣,同时提高学生在无水无氧操作和仪器分析的实践水平,培养学生的创新精神。     

Ni(PPh3)2Cl2催化2-氯嘧啶与芳基硼酸的Suzuki-Miyaura偶联反应

本文在Ni(PPh 3)2Cl 2催化下顺利实现了不同取代基2-氯嘧啶与芳基硼酸的Suzuki-Miyaura偶联反应。实验表明,取代基的电子效应和空间位阻效应对2-氯嘧啶的反应活性影响较小。该反应产率良好,官能团耐受性好,为2-芳基嘧啶衍生物的合成提供了一类简单有效的方法。     

Pd(OAc)_2催化的α-溴代二硫缩烯酮与芳基硼酸的Suzuki-Miyaura偶联反应

C-C键的形成反应是有机化学中最重要的基本反应.本文发展了一种简单、有效钯催化的α-溴代二硫缩烯酮与芳基硼酸的Suzuki-Miyaura偶联反应.该反应的实现,不仅建立了一种简单、有效合成α-芳基-α-烯酰基二硫缩烯酮化合物新方法,而且扩展了α-溴代二硫缩烯酮类化合物在有机合成中的进一步应用.     

Room-temperature Ni0-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions of aryl arenesulfonates with arylboronic acids

Room-temperature Ni(0)-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions of aryl arenesulfonates with arylboronic acids are described. The Ni(0) catalyst, derived from Ni(COD)2 and PCy3, proved to be a general one for the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling of a variety of aryl arenesulfonates. The mild reaction condition, the readily availability of the catalyst, and excellent coupling yields make aryl arenesulfonates potentially useful substrates in organic synthesis.     

Bis-diimidazolylidine complexes of nickel: investigations into nickel catalyzed coupling reactions

Air and moisture stable homoleptic bis(diimidazolylidine)nickel(II) complexes, ([(diNHC)(2)Ni](2+)) 3a,b and their corresponding silver(I) 4a,b and palladium(II) 5a,b complexes were synthesized and characterized by NMR and single crystal X-ray analysis. The catalytic potential of complex 3a was assessed in Mizoroki-Heck and Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reactions. In the Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction, nickel precatalyst 3a was active for the coupling of aryl chlorides as well as aryl fluorides. The analogously synthesized Pd(II) complexes resulted in formation of (diNHC)PdCl(2) species which were not active for the coupling of aryl fluorides. For the Mizoroki-Heck reaction, it was found that aryl iodides could be activated in the absence of nickel or palladium precatalysts when using Na(2)CO(3) or NEt(3) as base while aryl iodides and aryl bromides could be activated in the Suzuki-Miyaura reaction sans precatalyst when K(3)PO(4) was used as base.     

Rapid room temperature Buchwald-Hartwig and Suzuki-Miyaura couplings of heteroaromatic compounds employing low catalyst loadings

The use of second-generation [(NHC)Pd(R-allyl)Cl] complexes for Suzuki-Miyaura and Buchwald-Hartwig cross-coupling reactions involving heteroaromatic halides at room temperature is reported. The first examples of room temperature Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling of deactivated aryl chlorides with alkenyl boronic acids are also disclosed. Terminal substitution at the allyl moiety of the palladium complex facilitates its activation at room temperature leading to very active catalytic species enabling the present catalytic transformations to be performed rapidly using very mild reaction conditions. Catalyst loadings can be as low as 10 ppm for the Buchwald-Hartwig aryl amination and 50 ppm for the Suzuki-Miyaura reaction.     

Cross-coupling and dehalogenation reactions catalyzed by (N-heterocyclic carbene)Pd(allyl)Cl complexes

A series of well-defined, air- and moisture-stable (NHC)Pd(allyl)Cl (NHC = N-heterocyclic carbene) complexes has been used in several catalytic reactions: Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling, catalytic dehalogenation of aryl halides, and aryl amination. The scope of the three processes using various substrates was examined. A general system involving the use of (IPr)Pd(allyl)Cl as catalyst and NaO(t)Bu as base has proven to be highly active for the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling of activated and unactivated aryl chlorides and bromides, for the catalytic dehalogenation of aryl chlorides, and for the catalytic aryl amination of aryl triflates. All reactions proceed in short reaction times and at mild temperatures. The system has also proven to be compatible with the microwave-assisted Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling and catalytic dehalogenation processes, affording yields similar to those of the conventionally heated analogous reactions.     

Microwave-Assisted Cross-Coupling Reaction of Sodium Tetraphenylboratewith Carboxylic Anhydrides Catalyzed by Palladium

Cross-coupling processes of aryl or alkenyl halides with organometallic compounds of main group elements cat alyzed by palladium complexes have been found extensive use in organic synthesis. These cross-coupling reactions offer a powerful tool for the formation of carbon-carbon bonds. [1] The Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction has been employed for the synthesis of ketone as well.     

SBA-15-functionalized palladium complex partially confined with ionic liquid: an efficient and reusable catalyst system for aqueous-phase Suzuki reaction

A novel SBA-15 functionalized palladium complex partially confined with 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ionic liquid (Material 4) was found to be a very efficient and reusable catalyst in the Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction of aryl halides including aryl chlorides and heteroaryl halides with different aryl boronic acids under aqueous conditions without any organic co-solvents. Our studies showed that 4 is a more efficient catalyst in comparison with the catalyst not containing IL or catalyst with a higher ratio of IL. The materials were characterized by N(2)-sorption analysis, TGA and transmission electron microscopy before and after catalysis. While our studies showed that the catalyst can be successfully recycled and reused in at least 4 reaction runs, in contrast, several poisoning experiments and kinetic studies provide the notion that homogeneous (dissolved) species are responsible for the observed catalysis.     

Palladium-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura cross-couplings of aryl tosylates with potassium aryltrifluoroborates

Pd-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction of aryl tosylates with potassium aryl trifluoroborate in the presence of bulky and electron-rich phosphine ligand is described. In addition, a useful chemoselective coupling of an aryl chloride in the presence of a tosyloxy group was demonstrated.     

Nickel-catalyzed cross-coupling of aryl phosphates with arylboronic acids

The Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling of aryl phosphates using Ni(PCy(3))(2)Cl(2) as an inexpensive, bench-stable catalyst is described. Broad substrate scope and high efficiency are demonstrated by the syntheses of more than 40 biaryls and by constructing complex organic molecules. The poor reactivity of aryl phosphates relative to aryl halides is successfully employed to construct polyarenes by selective cross-coupling using Pd and Ni catalysts.     

Self-assembled poly(imidazole-palladium): highly active, reusable catalyst at parts per million to parts per billion levels

Metalloenzymes are essential proteins with vital activity that promote high-efficiency enzymatic reactions. To ensure catalytic activity, stability, and reusability for safe, nontoxic, sustainable chemistry, and green organic synthesis, it is important to develop metalloenzyme-inspired polymer-supported metal catalysts. Here, we present a highly active, reusable, self-assembled catalyst of poly(imidazole-acrylamide) and palladium species inspired by metalloenzymes and apply our convolution methodology to the preparation of polymeric metal catalysts. Thus, a metalloenzyme-inspired polymeric imidazole Pd catalyst (MEPI-Pd) was readily prepared by the coordinative convolution of (NH(4))(2)PdCl(4) and poly[(N-vinylimidazole)-co-(N-isopropylacrylamide)(5)] in a methanol-water solution at 80 °C for 30 min. SEM observation revealed that MEPI-Pd has a globular-aggregated, self-assembled structure. TEM observation and XPS and EDX analyses indicated that PdCl(2) and Pd(0) nanoparticles were uniformly dispersed in MEPI-Pd. MEPI-Pd was utilized for the allylic arylation/alkenylation/vinylation of allylic esters and carbonates with aryl/alkenylboronic acids, vinylboronic acid esters, and tetraaryl borates. Even 0.8-40 mol ppm Pd of MEPI-Pd efficiently promoted allylic arylation/alkenylation/vinylation in alcohol and/or water with a catalytic turnover number (TON) of 20,000-1,250,000. Furthermore, MEPI-Pd efficiently promoted the Suzuki-Miyaura reaction of a variety of inactivated aryl chlorides as well as aryl bromides and iodides in water with a TON of up to 3,570,000. MEPI-Pd was reused for the allylic arylation and Suzuki-Miyaura reaction of an aryl chloride without loss of catalytic activity.