蛋氨酸合成酶催化反应研究Ⅴ：5-氨基-6-（3-羟基-4-溴丁基）尿嘧啶的合成研究

报导了5-氨基-6-（3-丁烯基）尿嘧啶、5-氨基-6-（3-羟基-4-溴丁基）尿嘧 啶的合成方法。以γ-取代的β-酮脂和O-甲基异尿硫酸盐为超始物，经6-取代尿嘧 啶（3）、6-取代-5-偶氮尿嘧啶（4）和未见文献报道的中间体6，首次合成了5-氨 基-6-（3-丁烯基）尿嘧啶（5）及5-氨基-6-（3-羟基-4-溴丁基）尿嘧啶（7）。     

5-取代吲哚-2-酮的合成

4-取代苯胺依次与水合氯醛及盐酸羟胺反应制得4-取代异亚硝基乙酰苯胺(2a～2e);2在浓硫酸作用下环合制得5-取代靛红(3a～3e);3通过改进的Wolff-Kishner-黄鸣龙反应合成了重要的药物中间体——5-取代吲哚-2-酮(5a～5e);5a通过硝化制得5-硝基吲哚-2-酮(5f);5f被还原制得5-氨基吲哚-2-酮(5g)。其结构经1H NMR和MS确证。     

蛋氨酸合成酶催化反应研究 VII.5-氨基-6-甲基尿嘧啶的合成研究

报道了 5 氨基 6 甲基尿嘧啶简便的合成方法 .该化合物以 6 甲基尿嘧啶 ( 2 )为起始物 ,经硝化或重氮化分别得到中间体 5 硝基 6 甲基尿嘧啶 ( 3 )和 5 偶氮苯基 6 甲基尿嘧啶 ( 4 ) ,化合物 3和 4经Na2 S2 O4还原 ,合成产物 5 氨基 6 甲基尿嘧啶 ( 1) .     

1,3-二甲基-5-亚硝基-6-氨基脲嘧啶铂电极电化学加氢机理研究

采用稳态极化法、循环伏安法和恒电位库仑法对1,3-二甲基-5-亚硝基-6-氨基脲嘧啶在铂电极上的电化学加氢机理进行了研究,研究介质为硫酸和硫酸钾水溶液.结果表明,pH=3时,1,3-二甲基-5-亚硝基-6-氨基脲嘧啶在铂电极析氢电位(-600～-800mV,vs.饱和硫酸钾的硫酸亚汞参比电极)前,发生加氢还原反应,氢离子在铂电极表面得到电子生成原子态的氢参与反应.随着pH值降低,加氢反应速度增大,还原电位正移.在铂电极上的电化学加氢过程受扩散控制,增大搅拌速度和提高温度都可提高反应速度.     

1,3-二(乙氧基甲基)-5-N,N-二甲氨基-6-甲基尿嘧啶的合成

报道了1,3-二(乙氧基甲基)-5-N,N-二甲氨基-6-甲基尿嘧啶方便、高产率的合成方法. 以6-甲基尿嘧啶(1)为起始物, 经硝化、嘧啶N¹,N ³-烷基化、还原及氨基甲基化, 首次高产率合成了1,3-二(乙氧基甲基)-5- N,N -二甲氨基-6-甲基尿嘧啶(5), 并对其化学结构进行了表征.     

蛋氨酸合成酶催化反应研究VII.5-氨基-6-甲基尿嘧啶的合成研究

报道了5-氨基-6-甲基尿嘧啶简便的合成方法。该化合物以6-甲基尿嘧啶（2） 为起始物，经硝化或重氮化分别得到了中间体5-硝基-6-甲基尿嘧啶（3）和5-偶氮 苯基-6-甲基尿嘧啶(4)，化合物3和4经Na_S_2O_4还原，合成产物5-氨基-6-甲基尿 嘧啶（1）。     

新型3-甲基黄嘌呤衍生物的合成

甲基脲和氰乙酸经缩合、环化制得3-甲基-4-氨基脲嘧啶(2);2与亚硝酸盐经亲电加成制得3-甲基-4-氨基-5-亚硝基脲嘧啶(3);3经加氢还原、酰化、闭环及酸化合成了3-甲基黄嘌呤(6a)及其衍生物(6b～6f,其中6c ～ 6f为新化合物),其结构经1H NMR和FT-IR表征.     

HIV-1 RT抑制剂研究I.1,3-二苄基-6-(3,4-环氧丁基)尿嘧啶的合成

报道了1,3-二苄基-6-(3,4-环氧丁基)尿嘧啶的合成新方法.以6-甲基尿嘧啶(1)为起始物,经1,3-二苄基-6-甲基尿嘧啶(2)及未见文献报道的1,3-二苄基-6-(3-丁烯基)尿嘧啶(3)和1,3-二苄基-6-(3-羟基-4-溴丁基)尿嘧啶(4),首次高收率合成了1,3-二苄基-6-(3,4-环氧丁基)尿嘧啶(5),并对其化学结构进行了表征.     

4-羟基-5-乙氧基苯胺的合成

以苯胺为原料,经重氮化、偶合、还原得到4-羟基-5-乙氧基苯胺。合成中,通过保险粉还原偶氮化合物的方法在芳香环上引进氨基,不仅产物收率高(总收率86%,较文献提高了26.3%),而且还原产物容易分离,粗品纯度可达95%。本合成路线中间体均不经提纯,且氨基的引入中避免了贵金属的加氢还原,是一条适合大规模生产4-羟基-5-乙氧基苯胺的新合成工艺路线。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定化妆品还原液内的4-氨基联苯

建立了超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)检测化妆品还原液中4-氨基联苯的方法.化妆品试样经过连二亚硫酸钠化学还原后,离心、PCX固相萃取小柱提取富集、净化,并经氨化甲醇洗脱、氮吹至近干,定容后通过UPLC-MS/MS仪检测,分离柱为Waters Acquity BEH C18柱;流动相为0.3％乙腈-甲酸水溶液;流速0.5mL/min.5种不同基质中4-氨基联苯在5～250 ng/mL浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系,线性回归系数r2均大于0.999,检测限均为1 ng/mL.5种不同基质中4-氨基联苯的回收率为80.9％～92.6％,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.51％～3.76％(n=3).     

The conjugative metabolism of 4-methylumbelliferone and deconjugation to the parent drug examined by isolated perfused liver and in vitro liver homogenate of rats

We examined the disposition of 4-methylumbelliferone (4-MU) and its conjugative metabolites, glucuronide (4-MUG) and sulfate (4-MUS), using a single-pass rat liver perfusion system. When 4-MU was delivered, the steady-state hepatic extraction ratio for 4-MU was very high (approximately 1.0) and its conjugative metabolites, 4-MUG and 4-MUS, appeared to a large extent in the effluent perfusate. The biliary excretion rate of the 4-MUG conjugated from 4-MU was 44% of the infusion rate at the steady-state, whereas those of 4-MU and 4-MUS were less than 1% of the infusion rate. When 4-MUG was delivered, the steady-state hepatic extraction ratio for 4-MUG was very low (less than 0.05) and the removal rate of 4-MUG from the perfusate was almost identical to the excretion rate of 4-MUG into the bile, while 4-MU and 4-MUS were slightly excreted into the bile (1% of the total biliary excretion rate), suggesting that a little deconjugation of 4-MUG to 4-MU occurred in the liver. Similarly, 4-MU and 4-MUS were not detectable in the effluent perfusate. The apparent extraction ratio (Eapp) for the intracellularly conjugated 4-MUG was approximately twenty times higher than that for the pre-conjugated 4-MUG. This discrepancy between the values of Eapp for the intracellularly conjugated and pre-conjugated 4-MUG might be attributed mainly to the diffusional barrier for the metabolite between the blood and hepatocytes, as suggested in the previous simulation (J. Pharmacokin, Biopharm., 15, 399 (1987].(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Determination of aliphatic amines using fluorescence intensity of 4-methyl umbelliferone

Effect of aliphatic amines and their concentration on fluorescence intensity of 4-methyl umbelliferone (4-MU) one of coumarin derivative were investigated. This compound has blue light emission under UV lamp in methanolic solution. Spectral investigation of 4-MU solution containing amine compounds showed lower intensity at 350-410 nm (quenching region) and higher intensity at 430-500 nm (enhancing region) as compared to pure methanolic solution of 4-MU. Fluorescence intensity at isoemitting point was independent from concentration of amines. The variation of fluorescence intensity could be used for determination of aliphatic amines in both quenching and enhancing region. Linear ranges for determination of amines in the quenching region were obtained from Stern-Volmer diagram of 4-MU. Determination of amines at fluorescence enhancing region using inverse fluorescence intensity against inverse amine concentration (bireciprocal plot) were investigated and related equations was also proposed.     

Kinetics of catalyzed hydrolysis of 4-methylumbelliferyl caprylate (MUCAP) salmonella reagent

The kinetics of chemical hydrolysis including neutral, acid- and base-catalyzed hydrolysis of 4-methylumbelliferyl caprylate (MUCAP) salmonella reagent were studied at different temperatures. The rate constants and activation parameters were determined by following the build-up of fluorescence peak of the hydrolysis product 4-methylumbelliferone (4-MU). The time scale of esterase enzyme hydrolysis caused by salmonella was compared with chemical hydrolysis as a background process.     

Strong inhibition of celastrol towards UDP-glucuronosyl transferase (UGT) 1A6 and 2B7 indicating potential risk of UGT-based herb-drug interaction

Celastrol, a quinone methide triterpene isolated from Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F., has various biochemical and pharmacological activities, and is now being developed as a promising anti-tumor agent. Inhibitory activity of compounds towards UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) is an important cause of clinical drug-drug interactions and herb-drug interactions. The aim of the present study is to investigate the inhibition of celastrol towards two important UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) isoforms UGT1A6 and UGT2B7. Recombinant UGT isoforms and non-specific substrate 4-methylumbelliferone (4-MU) were used. The results showed that celastrol strongly inhibited the UGT1A6 and 2B7-mediated 4-MU glucuronidation reaction, with 0.9 ± 0.1% and 1.8 ± 0.2% residual 4-MU glucuronidation activity at 100 μM of celastrol, respectively. Furthermore, inhibition kinetic study (Dixon plot and Lineweaver-Burk plot) demonstrated that celastrol noncompetitively inhibited the UGT1A1-mediated 4-MU glucuronidation, and competitively inhibited UGT2B7-catalyzed 4-MU glucuronidation. The inhibition kinetic parameters (Ki) were calculated to be 0.49 μM and 0.045 μM for UGT1A6 and UGT2B7, respectively. At the therapeutic concentration of celastrol for anti-tumor utilization, the possibility of celastrol-drug interaction and celastrol-containing herbs-drug interaction were strongly indicated. However, given the complicated nature of herbs, these results should be viewed with more caution.     

Novel fluorogenic probe for fluoride ion based on the fluoride-induced cleavage of tert-butyldimethylsilyl ether

A highly sensitive and selective fluorogenic probe for fluoride ion, 4-methylumbelliferyl tert-butyldimethylsilyl ether (4-MUTBS), was designed and synthesized. 4-MUTBS was a weakly fluorescent compound and was synthesized via the one-step reaction of 4-MU with tert-butyldimethylsilyl chloride. Upon incubation with fluoride ion in acetone-water solution (7:3, v/v), the Si-O bond of 4-MUTBS was cleaved and highly fluorescent 4-methylumbelliferone (4-MU) was released, hence leading to the fluorescence increase of the reaction solution. The fluorescence increase is linearly with fluoride concentration in the range 50-8000 nmol l(-1) with a detection limit of 19 nmol l(-1) (3sigma). Because of the high affinity of silicon toward fluoride ion, the proposed probe shows excellent selectivity toward fluoride ion over other anions. The method has been successfully applied to the fluoride determination in toothpaste and tap water samples.     

Fischer-Tropsch synthesis over ruthenium-promoted Co/Al2O3 catalyst with different reduction procedures

The effect of reduction procedure on catalyst properties, activity and products selectivity of ruthenium-promoted Co/γ-Al2O3 catalyst in Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) was investigated. Catalyst samples were reduced with different reduction gas compositions and passivated before being characterized by TPR and XRD techniques. Different activity and product selectivity analyses were also performed. These results showed that the catalyst dispersion, particle size, and the degree of reduction changed with different reduction gas compositions, which were resulted from the water partial pressures in reduction process that give varying degrees of interaction with the support. It has been suggested that the FTS activity of cobalt catalyst was directly dependent on the catalyst reducibility. A reduction gas with a molar ratio of H2/He = 1 was used to prevent the formation of Co-support compound during catalyst reduction.     

Mn/beta与Mn/ZSM-5催化剂对氨选择性催化还原NO的低温催化活性比较: 锰前驱体的影响

氮氧化物(NOx)作为主要的大气污染物之一,给环境和人类带来一定危害,其主要源于汽车、轮船以及工厂中液态(汽油和柴油)或固态(煤)化石原料的燃烧.目前,选择性催化还原法(SCR)因技术相对成熟且经济有效,被广泛应用于氮氧化物脱除.催化剂是该技术的关键,而典型的商业钒系催化剂(V2O5-WO3/TiO2和V2O5-MoO3/TiO2)存在工作窗口温度窄(300–400 ℃)、V2O5的生物毒性以及较高的SO2氧化性能等缺点,因此开展高效且环境友好催化剂的研究工作迫在眉睫.近年来,锰基催化剂因其丰富的价态变化以及氧化形态而受到科研工作者的广泛关注.研究者已经对锰前驱体做了大量研究,但是关于不同锰前驱体制备得到的催化剂的活性物种组成以及催化活性往往存在着不同观点.因此进一步开展对锰前驱体研究仍有必要.同时,二氧化钛载体比表面积较小,并不是制备锰基催化剂的理想载体.分子筛载体因其比表面积大、特殊的孔道结构以及丰富的酸位等特点引起了研究者的关注.用于制备锰基催化剂的分子筛载体主要有ZSM-5,Beta,USY和SAPO等,其中ZSM-5系列催化剂是研究热点.另一方面,研究发现Beta分子筛具有良好的水热稳定性,被认为是理想的NH3-SCR催化剂载体.研究者对比了不同金属负载的Beta分子筛与ZSM-5分子筛的催化活性,结果表明,Fe/beta的催化活性高于Fe/ZSM-5和Fe/ZSM-11; Cu/beta的催化活性与Cu/ZSM-5相当,均表现出较高的活性.而关于Mn/ZSM-5的研究已有大量文献报道,但关于Mn/beta的研究相对较少.另外,关于不同锰前驱体在Beta以及ZSM-5分子筛载体表面的物化性质差异也少有报道.本文以H/beta和H/ZSM-5分子筛作为载体,采用硝酸锰、乙酸锰和氯化锰三种前驱体,通过湿法浸渍制备了Mn/beta和Mn/ZSM-5两类NH3-SCR催化剂,并在固定床管式反应器中对比评价了两类催化剂的催化活性.凭借氮气等温吸附/脱附(BET)、X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线荧光(XRF)、氢气程序升温还原(H2-TPR)、氨气程序升温脱附(NH3-TPD)以及X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等技术对催化剂进行了表征,系统分析了不同前驱体在两种载体表面形成的活性组分以及理化性质对催化性能的影响.催化剂活性评价结果表明,对于Mn/beta和Mn/ZSM-5催化剂,在220–350 ℃反应温度区间内,乙酸锰和硝酸锰制备的催化剂NO脱除率均在80%以上.其中Mn/beta-Ac在240 °C时达到最高的NO脱除率97.5%,并且在220–350 ℃温度区间内保持着90%以上的活性,具有最宽的活性温度窗口.同时,在两系列锰基催化剂中,乙酸锰制备的催化剂均表现出最佳的催化活性,且对于同一种前驱体制备的催化剂,Mn/beta催化剂的NH3-SCR活性优于Mn/ZSM-5.BET数据显示,负载锰物种之后,催化剂的比表面积和孔体积均明显减小,但相对于Mn/ZSM-5催化剂,Mn/beta催化剂仍保持着优良的织构性质.XRD、XRF及H2-TPR结果表明,氯化锰前驱体主要产生少量的结晶Mn3O4并且大部分保持以MnCl2的形式存在,这也是此类催化剂表现出较差的低温催化活性的原因.结合XPS表征分析了催化剂的表面性质.结果表明,硝酸锰前驱体主要产生结晶MnO2和少量未分解的硝酸锰,乙酸锰前驱体主要产生高度分散的无定形MnO2和Mn2O3混合物以及结晶Mn3O4.进一步结合NH3-TPD分析结果以及活性评价结果可以得出: 丰富的无定形MnOx(MnO2和Mn2O3)物种、较高的表面锰含量和表面活性氧基团以及适当含量的弱酸位有利于提升催化剂的低温NH3-SCR催化活性.     

Ni2P/HZSM5上噻吩加氢脱硫性能研究

采用程序升温还原方法制备了Ni2P/HZSM5催化剂。用X射线衍射 (XRD)、低温N2吸附（BET）、扫描电镜(SEM)等技术对催化剂样品的物相、比表面积、形貌等性质进行了表征。在连续微反系统中测定了Ni2P/HZSM5催化剂对噻吩加氢脱硫催化活性；研究了Ni2P负载量、前驱体中Ni/P摩尔比对催化剂的物相及性能的影响，考察了空速、反应温度、反应压力等操作条件对催化剂上噻吩加氢脱硫性能的影响。实验结果表明，Ni2P/HZSM5催化剂对噻吩加氢脱硫反应具有较高的活性和稳定性。随着Ni2P负载量、前驱体中Ni/P摩尔比的增加，催化剂的活性和稳定性先升高后降低。反应温度和体积空速对Ni2P/HZSM5催化剂的噻吩加氢脱硫性能有较明显的影响，反应压力和进料氢油比的影响相对较小。     

La/ZSM-5分子筛热稳定性及镧存在形态研究

借助密度泛函方法,从理论上证实了当催化裂解工艺的催化剂(ZSM-5分子筛)中引入少量镧离子时,其热稳定性得到了显著的提高,主要是由于镧离子与分子筛之间发生了强的相互作用,使得最易发生断裂的键(Al-O键)变得更加牢固,从而有效地延缓了脱铝进程. La(OH)2＋的降解产物中,LaO(OH)的形成几率最大. LaO(OH)和分子筛作用可形成两种稳定的结构Z－ La(OH)2＋和Z-LaO(OH). 其中Z－La(OH)2＋是常温下的稳定构型,而Z-LaO(OH)是温度较高时的稳定构型,此构型中的镧离子可提供L酸作为反应的活性中心,为探索催化反应机理提供了有力的理论依据.     

反-4-羟甲基哌啶-3-醇的合成

以4-羟甲基吡啶为原料,经苄基保护、硼氢化钠的还原、硼氢化氧化和脱苄基保护等四步反应得到新型5-羟色胺受体激动剂的关键中间体反-4-羟甲基哌啶-3-醇。总收率达55. 7%。产物结构经IR、1H NMR和MS分析确证,并对合成工艺进行了优化。