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1.
Activated carbon fiber is one kind of important adsorption materials. These novel fibrousadsorbents have high specific surface areas or abundant functional groups, which make them havegreater adsorption/desorption rates and larger adsorption capacities than other adsorbents. They canbe prepared as bundle, paper, cloth and felt to meet various technical requirement. They also showreduction property. In this paper the latest progress on the studies of the preparation and adsorptionproperties of activated carbon fibers is reviewed. The application of these materials in drinking waterpurification, environmental control, resource recovery, chemical industry, and in medicine and healthcare is also presented. 相似文献
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3.
Mustafa T. Yagub Tushar Kanti Sen Sharmeen Afroze H.M. Ang 《Advances in colloid and interface science》2014
In this review article the authors presented up to-date development on the application of adsorption in the removal of dyes from aqueous solution. This review article provides extensive literature information about dyes, its classification and toxicity, various treatment methods, and dye adsorption characteristics by various adsorbents. One of the objectives of this review article is to organise the scattered available information on various aspects on a wide range of potentially effective adsorbents in the removal of dyes. Therefore, an extensive list of various adsorbents such as natural materials, waste materials from industry, agricultural by-products, and biomass based activated carbon in the removal of various dyes has been compiled here. Dye bearing waste treatment by adsorption using low cost alternative adsorbent is a demanding area as it has double benefits i.e. water treatment and waste management. Further, activated carbon from biomass has the advantage of offering an effected low cost replacement for non-renewable coal based granular activated carbon provided that they have similar or better adsorption on efficiency. The effectiveness of various adsorbents under different physico-chemical process parameters and their comparative adsorption capacity towards dye adsorption has also been presented. This review paper also includes the affective adsorption factors of dye such as solution pH, initial dye concentration, adsorbent dosage, and temperature. The applicability of various adsorption kinetic models and isotherm models for dye removal by wide range of adsorbents is also reported here. Conclusions have been drawn from the literature reviewed and few suggestions for future research are proposed. 相似文献
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Liquid-phase adsorption of multi-ring thiophenic sulfur compounds on carbon materials with different surface properties 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
This work examines the effects of structural and surface properties of carbon materials on the adsorption of benzothiophene (BT), dibenzothiophene (DBT), 4-methyldibenzothiophene (4-MDBT) and 4,6-dimethyl-dibenzothiophene (4,6-DMDBT) in the presence of 10 wt % of aromatics in liquid alkanes that simulate sulfur compounds in diesel fuels. The equilibrium-adsorption capacity varies significantly, from 1.7 to 7.0 mg-S/g-A. The results show that different carbon materials have significantly different sulfur-adsorption capacities and selectivities that depend not only on textural structure but also on surface functional groups. The adsorption of multi-ring sulfur compounds on carbon materials was found to obey the Langmuir isotherm. On the basis of adsorption tests and the characterization of carbon materials by BET and XPS, the oxygen-containing functional groups on the surface appear to play an important role in increasing sulfur-adsorption capacity. The adsorption-selectivity trend of the carbon materials for various compounds increases in the order of BT < naphthalene < 2-methylnaphthalene < DBT < 4-MDBT < 4,6-DMDBT, regardless of carbon material types. This selectivity trend for sulfur compounds is dramatically different and almost opposite from that previously observed for adsorption over nickel-based adsorbents. The regeneration of spent activated carbons was also conducted by solvent washing. The high-adsorption capacity and selectivity for methyl DBTs indicate that certain activated carbons are promising adsorbents for selective adsorption for removing sulfur (SARS) as a new approach to ultra deep desulfurization of diesel fuels. 相似文献
6.
Adsorption of Safranin-T from wastewater using waste materials- activated carbon and activated rice husks 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Gupta VK Mittal A Jain R Mathur M Sikarwar S 《Journal of colloid and interface science》2006,303(1):80-86
Textile effluents are major industrial polluters because of high color content, about 15% unfixed dyes and salts. The present paper is aimed to investigate and develop cheap adsorption methods for color removal from wastewater using waste materials activated carbon and activated rice husk-as adsorbents. The method was employed for the removal of Safranin-T and the influence of various factors such as adsorbent dose, adsorbate concentration, particle size, temperature, contact time, and pH was studied. The adsorption of the dye over both the adsorbents was found to follow Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm models. Based on these models, different useful thermodynamic parameters have been evaluated for both the adsorption processes. The adsorption of Safranin-T over activated carbon and activated rice husks follows first-order kinetics and the rate constants for the adsorption processes decrease with increase in temperature. 相似文献
7.
V. I. Zheivot 《Journal of Analytical Chemistry》2006,61(9):832-852
The results of the characterization of graphite-like carbon materials by X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, and adsorption and gas chromatography are discussed. All carbon-containing adsorbents are systematized in accordance with their structure and adsorption characteristics, chemical nature, and chromatographic surface properties. The adsorption and gas-chromatographic properties of carbons and other adsorbents are compared. The purposeful regulation of the chemical nature of carbon adsorbent surfaces is considered; it significantly extended the gas-chromatographic capabilities of carbon-containing materials, in particular, in studies of the product composition of catalytic reactions. 相似文献
8.
Single-walled carbon nanotubes can exist in chiral forms and can adsorb a range of molecules. We use atomistic simulations to consider whether enantiopure carbon nanotubes might be effective enantiospecific adsorbents for chiral molecules. We examine the adsorption of both enantiomers of trans-1,2-dimethylcyclopropane and trans-1,2-dimethylcyclohexane in a range of chiral nanotubes. Our simulations indicate that these molecules are strongly adsorbed in nanotubes, that is, they have large heats of adsorption, but the energy differences between adsorbed enantiomers are negligible. We argue that this result is generic for chiral organic molecules adsorbed in carbon nanotubes, suggesting that these materials will not be effective enantiospecific adsorbents. 相似文献
9.
J. L. Figueiredo J. P. S. Sousa C. A. Orge M. F. R. Pereira J. J. M. Órfão 《Adsorption》2011,17(3):431-441
The removal of textile dyes by adsorption onto carbon materials with extended mesoporosity is addressed in the present work.
Two types of high surface area carbon adsorbents were prepared, namely a carbon xerogel and a templated carbon. Both materials
were subsequently subjected to appropriate treatments in order to modify their surface chemistries, while keeping their textural
properties relatively unchanged. The carbon adsorbents were extensively characterized by different techniques in order to
correlate their adsorption performances with the corresponding surface properties. The behavior of the different materials
was evaluated by determining equilibrium adsorption isotherms of two anionic dyes (Reactive Red 241 and Acid Blue 113) at
different pH values. The results are compared with data previously obtained with commercial activated carbons subjected to
the same treatments, and discussed in terms of the carbon surface chemistry and the interaction between the dye molecules
and the adsorbent surface (dispersive and electrostatic interactions). 相似文献
10.
Amine functionalised metal organic frameworks (MOFs) as adsorbents for carbon dioxide 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Bjørnar Arstad Helmer Fjellvåg Kjell Ove Kongshaug Ole Swang Richard Blom 《Adsorption》2008,14(6):755-762
Three different porous metal organic framework (MOF) materials have been prepared with and without uncoordinated amine functionalities
inside the pores. The materials have been characterized and tested as adsorbents for carbon dioxide. At 298 K the materials
adsorb significant amount of carbon dioxide, the amine functionalised adsorbents having the highest CO2 adsorption capacities, the best adsorbing around 14 wt% CO2 at 1.0 atm CO2 pressure. At 25 atm CO2 pressure, up to 60 wt% CO2 can be adsorbed. At high pressures the CO2 uptake is mostly dependent on the available surface area and pore volume of the material in question. For one of the iso-structural
MOF pairs the introduction of amine functionality increases the differential adsorption enthalpy (from isosteric method) from
30 to around 50 kJ/mole at low CO2 pressures, while the adsorption enthalpies reach the same level at increase pressures. The high pressure experimental results
indicate that MOF based solid adsorbents can have a potential for use in pressure swing adsorption of carbon dioxide at elevated
pressures. 相似文献
11.
K. Ando K. Shinke S. Yamada T. Koyama T. Takai S. Nakaji T. Ogino 《Colloids and surfaces. B, Biointerfaces》2009,71(2):255-259
Bilirubin adsorption on carbon nanotube surfaces has been studied to develop a new adsorbent in the plasma apheresis. Powder-like carbon nanotubes were first examined under various adsorption conditions such as temperatures and initial concentrations of bilirubin solutions. The adsorption capacity was measured from the residual concentrations of bilirubin in the solution after the adsorption process using a visible absorption spectroscopy. We found that multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) exhibit greater adsorption capacity for bilirubin molecules than that of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). To guarantee the safety of the adsorbents, we fabricated carbon nanotube sheets in which leakage of CNTs to the plasma is suppressed. Since SWCNTs are more suitable for robust sheets, a complex sheet consisting of SWCNTs as the scaffolds and MWCNTs as the efficient adsorbents. CNT/polyaniline complex sheets were also fabricated. Bilirubin adsorption capacity of CNTs has been found to be much larger than that of the conventional materials because of their large surface areas and large adsorption capability for polycyclic compound molecules due to their surface structure similar to graphite. 相似文献
12.
Attila Bóta Krisztina László Lajos György Nagy Günter Subklew Heide Schlimper Milan J. Schwuger 《Adsorption》1997,3(1):81-91
The possibility of using pyrolyzed wastes produced in already working incineration plants, as adsorbents for waste water treatment,
was studied. Showing very poor adsorption properties, they were improved by steam activation technique used in the conventional
activated carbon manufacturing. It is concluded that various organic waste materials can be converted to carbonaceous final
products with a character similar to activated carbon. Their adsorption properties and pore size distribution are determined
by the structure of the starting material. Although most of these samples have a low specific surface area, their pore volume
is not negligible in the meso-and micropore range. Adsorption tests with model waste waters confirmed that adsorption properties
are strongly influenced by the character of the suface. The adsorption capacity of these samples can be utilized for the treatment
of strongly polluted industrial waste waters. Considering that the raw material ‘needed’ to manufacture these adsorbent is
produced permanently and the adsorbents do not have to be regenerated, it might be worthwhile using these kinds of adsorbents
in the primary treatment of industrial waste waters. 相似文献
13.
水热碳材料是一种由糖类或含碳有机物经过水热反应制备的新型功能材料,具有来源丰富、绿色环保、亲水性、易修饰等优点,已广泛应用于催化剂载体、能源电极材料、环境吸附剂等方面。其中,水热碳在吸附领域的应用显示出其与特定分子的相互作用,近年来,水热碳材料作为分离富集固相基质,在色谱固定相以及生物样品处理领域逐渐得到应用。该文主要综述了水热碳材料在离子化合物、极性化合物、磷酸化肽段和糖基化肽段分离分析等方面的最新应用,讨论了水热碳材料在实际分离分析应用中的优点和局限性,并就水热碳材料在该领域的应用前景进行了展望。 相似文献
14.
本文利用色散作用校正的密度泛函理论研究了炭材料上含氮官能团对CO2吸附的作用。通过计算比较了不同含氮官能团炭材料结构片段吸附二氧化碳后的结构参数和能量,由于较强的静电作用和形成弱氢键,含单个苯环的酰胺和吡啶类的吸附剂吸附二氧化碳的作用强于单个苯胺和吡咯类吸附剂。但当增加苯环数时,色散作用主导的吡咯型吸附剂的吸附能力显著增强。以上结果预示着酰胺和吡咯类将是大π体系中具有良好CO2吸附性能的吸附剂。因而,色散作用在CO2吸附过程中也占据着重要地位。计算得到的结果与我们之前的实验结果一致,并且将有利于筛选更有效的二氧化碳吸附剂。 相似文献
15.
This paper describes the production, characteristics, and efficacy of carbon microfibers and carbon nanofibers for the removal of phenol and Pb(2+) from water by adsorption. The first adsorbent produced in the current investigation contained the ammonia (NH(3)) functionalized micron-sized activated carbon fibers (ACF). Alternatively, the second adsorbent consisted of a multiscale web of ACF/CNF, which was prepared by growing carbon nanofibers (CNFs) on activated ACFs via catalytic chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and sonication, which was conducted to remove catalytic particles from the CNF tips and open the pores of the CNFs. The two adsorbents prepared in the present study, ACF and ACF/CNF, were characterized by several analytical techniques, including SEM-EDX and FT-IR. Moreover, the chemical composition, BET surface area, and pore-size distribution of the materials were determined. The hierarchal web of carbon microfibers and nanofibers displayed a greater adsorption capacity for Pb(2+) than ACF. Interestingly, the adsorption capacity of ammonia (NH(3)) functionalized ACFs for phenol was somewhat larger than that of the multiscale ACF/CNF web. Difference in the adsorption capacity of the adsorbents was attributed to differences in the size of the solutes and their reactivity towards ACF and ACF/CNF. The results indicated that ACF-based materials were efficient adsorbents for the removal of inorganic and organic solutes from wastewater. 相似文献
16.
Carbon dioxide capture from the air using a polyamine based regenerable solid adsorbent 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Goeppert A Czaun M May RB Prakash GK Olah GA Narayanan SR 《Journal of the American Chemical Society》2011,133(50):20164-20167
Easy to prepare solid materials based on fumed silica impregnated with polyethylenimine (PEI) were found to be superior adsorbents for the capture of carbon dioxide directly from air. During the initial hours of the experiments, these adsorbents effectively scrubbed all the CO(2) from the air despite its very low concentration. The effect of moisture on the adsorption characteristics and capacity was studied at room temperature. Regenerative ability was also determined in a short series of adsorption/desorption cycles. 相似文献
17.
Mirosław Kwiatkowski 《Journal of mathematical chemistry》2017,55(10):1893-1902
The paper presents the results of research devoted to obtaining the low-cost activated carbon fibres from waste flax and jute cloth by carbonisation in inert atmosphere and activation with air as well as to the analysis of the microporous structure of materials obtained on the basis of the nitrogen, argon and benzene adsorption isotherms, using among others, the unique LBET method with implemented of the new models of the multilayer adsorption on the heterogeneous surfaces of the carbonaceous adsorbents. As part of the research conducted, imaging of the surface of the low-cost activated carbon fibres obtained has also been done using scanning electron microscopy. 相似文献
18.
分子筛材料在小分子吸附分离中的应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
吸附分离技术与工艺在工业上具有重要意义. 常见的吸附剂包括沸石分子筛、 金属有机框架材料、 活性炭等材料. 分子筛具有比表面积大、 稳定性高、 生产成本低等优势, 可以满足吸附分离技术中高效、 节能和环保的需求, 是一种非常有应用前景的小分子混合物分离吸附剂. 本文综合评述了吸附分离领域中常用的吸附剂材料的特点和吸附分离机理与评价方法, 总结了分子筛在空气分离、 烃类分离、 二氧化碳吸附、 芳香硫化物脱除、 一氧化碳吸附、 氮氧化物吸附、 氢气储存吸附及氢同位素分离等领域的应用, 并对基于分子筛膜的小分子混合物分离现状进行了介绍. 此外, 本文还系统分析了分子筛对不同混合物的吸附分离性能与其拓扑结构、 骨架组成及改性方法之间的关系, 并对未来的研究前景进行了展望. 相似文献
19.
Adsorption of hydrogen isotopes on micro- and mesoporous adsorbents with orderly structure 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Chu XZ Zhou YP Zhang YZ Su W Sun Y Zhou L 《The journal of physical chemistry. B》2006,110(45):22596-22600
The equilibrium and dynamic adsorption data of H(2) and D(2) on different micro- and mesoporous adsorbents with orderly structure including 3A, 4A, 5A, Y, and 10X zeolites; carbon CMK-3; silica SBA-15; and so forth were collected. Critical effect of the nanodimension of adsorbents on the adsorption behavior of hydrogen and its isotopes is shown. The highest adsorption capacity was observed at pore size 0.7 nm, but equal or even larger isotope difference in the equilibrium adsorption was observed at larger pore sizes, whereas the largest isotope difference in the dynamic adsorption was observed at 0.5 nm. The adsorption rate of D(2) is larger than that of H(2) in microporous adsorbents, but the sequence could be switched over in mesoporous materials. Linear relationship was observed between the adsorption capacity for hydrogen and the specific surface area of adsorbents although the adsorbents are made of different material, which provides a convincing proof of the monolayer mechanism of hydrogen adsorption. The linear plot for microporous adsorbents has a larger slope than that for mesoporous adsorbents, which is attributed to the stronger adsorption potential in micropores. 相似文献
20.
Adsorption of phenolic compounds on low-cost adsorbents: A review 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
Ahmaruzzaman M 《Advances in colloid and interface science》2008,143(1-2):48-67
Adsorption techniques are widely used to remove certain classes of pollutants from wastewater. Phenolic compounds represent one of the problematic groups. Although commercial activated carbon is a preferred adsorbent for phenol removal, its widespread use is restricted due to the high cost. As such, alternative non-conventional adsorbents have been investigated. The natural materials, waste materials from industry and agriculture and bioadsorbents can be employed as inexpensive adsorbents. The review (i) presents a critical analysis of these materials; (ii) describes their characteristics, advantages and limitations; and (iii) discusses the various mechanisms involved. There are several issues and drawbacks concerned on the adsorption of phenolic compounds that have been discussed in this review article. It is evident from the review that low-cost adsorbents have demonstrated high removal capabilities for certain phenolic compounds. In particular, industrial waste might be a promising adsorbent for environmental and purification purposes. 相似文献