Dynamic Hopf bifurcations generated by nonlinear terms

We consider the so-called delayed loss of stability phenomenon for singularly perturbed systems of differential equations in case that the associated autonomous system with a scalar parameter undergoes the Hopf bifurcation at the zero equilibrium point. It is assumed that the linearization of the associated system is independent of the parameter and the next terms in the expansion of the right-hand parts at zero are positive homogeneous of order α>1. Simple formulas are presented to estimate the asymptotic delay for the delayed loss of stability phenomenon. More precisely, we suggest sufficient conditions which ensure that zeros of a simple function ψ defined by the positive homogeneous nonlinear terms are the Hopf bifurcation points of the associated system, the sign of ψ at other points determines stability of the zero equilibrium, and the asymptotic delay equals the distance between the bifurcation point and a zero of some primitive of ψ.     

Gevrey properties of real planar singularly perturbed systems

By applying geometric techniques to real analytic singularly perturbed vector fields on the plane, we develop a way to give a bound on the Gevrey type of the Taylor development of center manifolds at normally hyperbolic turning points, and show that the same technique is useful in the study of degenerate planar turning points and their corresponding canard manifolds. At the end of the Note, we motivate the interest in Gevrey asymptotics by briefly discussing its relation with bifurcation delay. To cite this article: P. De Maesschalck, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Ser. I 340 (2005).     

Periodic orbits and chaos in fast-slow systems with Bogdanov-Takens type fold points

The existence of stable periodic orbits and chaotic invariant sets of singularly perturbed problems of fast-slow type having Bogdanov-Takens bifurcation points in its fast subsystem is proved by means of the geometric singular perturbation method and the blow-up method. In particular, the blow-up method is effectively used for analyzing the flow near the Bogdanov-Takens type fold point in order to show that a slow manifold near the fold point is extended along the Boutroux's tritronquée solution of the first Painlevé equation in the blow-up space.     

Coercive singular perturbations II: Reduction and convergence

An algebra of pseudodifferential singular perturbations is introduced. It provides a constructive machinery in order to reduce an elliptic singularly perturbed operator (in $\text{R}$ⁿ or on a smooth manifold without border) to a regular perturbation. The technique developed is applied to some singularly perturbed boundary value problems as well. Special attention is given to a singular perturbation appearing in the linear theory of thin elastic plates. A Wiener-Hopf-type operator containing the small parameter reduces this singular perturbation to a regular one. It also gives rise to a natural recurrence process for the construction of high-order asymptotic formulae for the solution of the perturbed problem. The method presented can be extended to the general coercive singular perturbations.     

Asymptotic expansion for the solution of singularly perturbed delay differential equations

Singular perturbation problems occur in many areas, including biochemical kinetics, genetics, plasma physics, and mechanical and electrical systems. For practical problems, one seeks a uniformly valid, readily interpretable approximation to a solution that does not behave uniformly. In this paper we extend singular perturbation theory in ordinary differential equations to delay differential equations with a fixed lag. We aim to give an explicit sufficient condition so that the solution of a class of singularly perturbed delay differential equations can be asymptotically expanded. O'Malley-Hoppensteadt technique is adopted in the construction of approximate solutions for such problems. Some particular phenomena different from singularly perturbed ordinary differential equations are discovered.     

Stability analysis of nonlinear dynamic systems with slowly and periodically varying delay

On the basis of the geometric singular perturbation theory and the theory of delayed Hopf bifurcation in slow–fast systems with delay, the stability of nonlinear systems with slowly and periodically varying delay is investigated in this paper. Sufficient conditions ensuring asymptotic stability of those systems are obtained. Especially, though a time-varying delay usually increases complexity in the analysis of system dynamics and it usually deteriorates system stability as well, the study indicates that under certain conditions, the stability of the systems with a time-invariant delay only can be improved by incorporating a slowly and periodically varying part into the constant delay. Two illustrative examples are given to validate the analytical results.     

Stability and bifurcation in a delayed predator-prey system with Beddington-DeAngelis functional response

We consider a delayed predator-prey system with Beddington-DeAngelis functional response. The stability of the interior equilibrium will be studied by analyzing the associated characteristic transcendental equation. By choosing the delay τ as a bifurcation parameter, we show that Hopf bifurcation can occur as the delay τ crosses some critical values. The direction and stability of the Hopf bifurcation are investigated by following the procedure of deriving normal form given by Faria and Magalhães. An example is given and numerical simulations are performed to illustrate the obtained results.     

Bifurcations of limit cycles in a Z 4-equivariant quintic planar vector field

In this paper, a Z4-equivariant quintic planar vector field is studied. The Hopf bifurcation method and polycycle bifurcation method are combined to study the limit cycles bifurcated from the compounded cycle with 4 hyperbolic saddle points. It is found that this special quintic planar polynomial system has at least four large limit cycles which surround all singular points. By applying the double homoclinic loops bifurcation method and Hopf bifurcation method, we conclude that 28 limit cycles with two different configurations exist in this special planar polynomial system. The results acquired in this paper are useful for studying the weakened 16th Hilbert＇s Problem.     

ASYMPTOTIC SOLUTION TO SINGULARLY PERTURBED DELAYED EQUATION FOR PREDATOR-PREY MODEL

A kind of singularly perturbed delayed equation for predator-prey system is considered. According to the boundary layer function method and the singular perturbation theory, we construct an asymptotic expansion of the solution to the original equation.     

Concentration of solutions for some singularly perturbed mixed problems: Asymptotics of minimal energy solutions

In this paper we carry on the study of asymptotic behavior of some solutions to a singularly perturbed problem with mixed Dirichlet and Neumann boundary conditions, started in the first paper [J. Garcia Azorero, A. Malchiodi, L. Montoro, I. Peral, Concentration of solutions for some singularly perturbed mixed problems: Existence results, Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal., in press]. Here we are mainly interested in the analysis of the location and shape of least energy solutions when the singular perturbation parameter tends to zero. We show that in many cases they coincide with the new solutions produced in [J. Garcia Azorero, A. Malchiodi, L. Montoro, I. Peral, Concentration of solutions for some singularly perturbed mixed problems: Existence results, Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal., in press].     

Complex dynamics of a simple 3D autonomous chaotic system with four-wing

The present paper revisits a three dimensional (3D) autonomous chaotic system with four-wing occurring in the known literature [Nonlinear Dyn (2010) 60(3): 443--457] with the entitle ``A new type of four-wing chaotic attractors in 3-D quadratic autonomous systems'' and is devoted to discussing its complex dynamical behaviors, mainly for its non-isolated equilibria, Hopf bifurcation, heteroclinic orbit and singularly degenerate heteroclinic cycles, etc. Firstly, the detailed distribution of its equilibrium points is formulated. Secondly, the local behaviors of its equilibria, especially the Hopf bifurcation, are studied. Thirdly, its such singular orbits as the heteroclinic orbits and singularly degenerate heteroclinic cycles are exploited. In particular, numerical simulations demonstrate that this system not only has four heteroclinic orbits to the origin and other four symmetry equilibria, but also two different kinds of infinitely many singularly degenerate heteroclinic cycles with the corresponding two-wing and four-wing chaotic attractors nearby.     

Stability of singular Hopf bifurcations

A stability formula is given for the singular Hopf bifurcation arising in singularly perturbed systems of the form , in this paper. The derivation of the formula is based on a reduction technique and on an existing stability formula for Hopf bifurcation.     

Singular perturbed vector field method applied to combustion in diesel engine: Continuous case with thermal runaway

In this study, we employ the well-known method of a singularly perturbed vector field (SPVF) and its application to the thermal runaway of diesel spray combustion. Given a system of governing equations, consisting of hidden multi-scale variables, the SPVF method transfers and decomposes such a system into fast and slow singularly perturbed subsystems. The resulting subsystem enables us to better understand the complex system and simplify the calculations. Powerful analytical, numerical, and asymptotic methods (e.g., the method of slow invariant manifolds and the homotopy analysis method) can subsequently be applied to each subsystem. In this paper, we compare the results obtained by the methods of slow invariant manifolds and SPVF, as applied to the spray (polydisperse) droplets combustion model.     

On the asymptotics of integral manifolds of singularly perturbed systems with delay

We investigate the problem of constructing asymptotic decompositions of integral manifolds of slow variables for linear and nonlinear singularly perturbed systems with delay. Chernivtsi University, Chernivtsi. Translated from Ukrainskii Matematicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 51, No. 8, pp. 1105–1111, August, 1999.     

Relaxation oscillations and canard explosion in a predator–prey system of Holling and Leslie types

We give a geometric analysis of relaxation oscillations and canard cycles in a singularly perturbed predator–prey system of Holling and Leslie types. We discuss how the canard cycles are found near the Hopf bifurcation points. The transition from small Hopf-type cycles to large relaxation cycles is also discussed. Moreover, we outline one possibility for the global dynamics. Numerical simulations are also carried out to verify the theoretical results.     

Bifurcations of the Hamiltonian Fourfold 1:1 Resonance with Toroidal Symmetry

This paper deals with the analysis of Hamiltonian Hopf as well as saddle-center bifurcations in 4-DOF systems defined by perturbed isotropic oscillators (1:1:1:1 resonance), in the presence of two quadratic symmetries Ξ and L ₁. When we normalize the system with respect to the quadratic part of the energy and carry out a reduction with respect to a three-torus group we end up with a 1-DOF system with several parameters on the thrice reduced phase space. Then, we focus our analysis on the evolution of relative equilibria around singular points of this reduced phase space. In particular, dealing with the Hamiltonian Hopf bifurcation the ‘geometric approach’ is used, following the steps set up by one of the authors in the context of 3-DOF systems. In order to see the interplay between integrals and physical parameters in the analysis of bifurcations, we consider as a perturbation a one-parameter family, which in particular includes one of the classical Stark–Zeeman models (parallel case) in three dimensions.     

Non-autonomous perturbation of autonomous semilinear differential equations: Continuity of local stable and unstable manifolds

In this paper we prove a result on lower semicontinuity of pullback attractors for dynamical systems given by semilinear differential equations in a Banach space. The situation considered is such that the perturbed dynamical system is non-autonomous whereas the limiting dynamical system is autonomous and has an attractor given as union of unstable manifold of hyperbolic equilibrium points. Starting with a semilinear autonomous equation with a hyperbolic equilibrium solution and introducing a very small non-autonomous perturbation we prove the existence of a hyperbolic global solution for the perturbed equation near this equilibrium. Then we prove that the local unstable and stable manifolds associated to them are given as graphs (roughness of dichotomy plays a fundamental role here). Moreover, we prove the continuity of this local unstable and stable manifolds with respect to the perturbation. With that result we conclude the lower semicontinuity of pullback attractors.     

On existence of kink and antikink wave solutions of singularly perturbed Gardner equation

In this paper, we study the existence of kink and antikink wave solutions of singularly perturbed Gardner equation from the geometric perspective. We obtain the sufficient conditions to guarantee the existence of kink and antikink wave solutions of the singularly perturbed Gardner equation when the perturbation parameter is sufficiently small, by exploiting the geometric singular perturbation theory and the Melnikov function method.     

On the C(R) stability of uncertain singularly perturbed systems

In this paper, a simple criterion for the C(R) stability of uncertain singularly perturbed systems is proposed. Such a criterion can be easily checked by some algebraic inequality. The upper bound of the singular perturbation parameter ε is also given by estimating the unique positive zero of specific function. Finally, a numerical example is provided to illustrate the main result.     

Finite element methods on piecewise equidistant meshes for interior turning point problems

We consider linear second order singularly perturbed two-point boundary value problems with interior turning points. Piecewise linear Galerkin finite element methods are constructed on various piecewise equidistant meshes designed for such problems. These methods are proved to be convergent, uniformly in the singular perturbation parameter, in a weighted energy norm and the usualL ² norm. Supporting numerical results are presented.