表面等离子共振现象的新应用——微弱磁场的测量

提出了一种新的表面等离子体共振传感器, 它包含三层结构: 棱镜、金属薄膜及二能级介质. 通过理论分析发现, 与通常表面等离子体共振系统不同, 这一物理系统中同时存在两种共振效应 (表面等离子体共振和能级间量子跃迁的共振效应), 它们共同作用的结果导致一系列新的物理现象, 其中一个令人感兴趣的现象是入射光的反射率对外场导致的微小能级移动十分敏感 (这一现象是通常的表面等离子体共振系统所不具有的). 由于能级移动依赖于外场, 所以最终入射光的反射率对外场具有灵敏的响应. 本文以外磁场导致能级移动的情况进行了理论计算, 结果表明, 这种表面等离子体共振系统的入射光的反射率对外加磁场极其敏感. 这一特性可以用来测量物质表面附近的微弱磁场, 有可能发展成为一种新型检测技术.     

基于超连续谱的光子晶体光纤表面等离子体效应

 提出了利用光子晶体光纤空气孔塌缩技术制作光子晶体光纤表面等离子体共振传感器,构建了空气孔完全塌缩的光子晶体光纤表面等离子体共振传感器模型,并模拟计算了其中的表面等离子体共振效应。制作了全光纤化的波长检测型的光子晶体光纤表面等离子体共振传感器,利用超连续谱光源进行了相关实验。实验结果表明:以空气为待测环境介质时,对应的共振波长为465 nm,与理论计算相符合。     

Au:TiO2和Au:Al2O3纳米颗粒复合膜的线性和非线性光学特性

主要从实验和理论两个方面,探讨了不同Au颗粒尺寸和不同基质对Au：TiO₂和Au：Al₂O₃复合膜线性和非线性光学性质的影响.用吸收光谱研究了Au颗粒尺寸和基质与Au复合膜表面等离子体共振带之间的关系;用皮秒Z扫描技术研究了共振和非共振情况下(激发光波长分别为532nm和1064nm),Au颗粒尺寸和基质与复合膜三阶非线性极化率的关系.基于表面等离子体共振理论和局域场增强理论对复合膜进行了分析,得到了不同Au颗粒大小和不同基质时Au复合膜的 关键词： 金属纳米颗粒 复合膜 三阶非线性 表面等离子体共振     

费米折射率平面波导激励的差分检测型对称结构表面等离子共振传感研究

为了实现被测折射率范围可调,提高检测灵敏度,将双波长差分检测技术应用于平面波导激励的金属-介质-金属组成的对称型表面等离子体共振传感结构中.通过对对称结构的模式特性分析,研究了该结构中激发等离子体表面波时,介质厚度与被测折射率的关系及双波长差分检测的原理.采用离子交换法制备平面波导,用费米函数拟合其渐变折射率分布.用光强调制方式,分别进行单波长和双波长差分检测,对折射率为1.33~1.428之间的甘油溶液进行测试,实验结果表明,该结构可激发等离子体表面波,与传统平面波导激励的表面等离子体共振传感结构相比,通过改变被测介质的厚度可以改变共振条件,进而改变折射率的测量范围.若被测范围选择合适,检测的线性较好,采用差分检测方法比单波长检测方法的灵敏度提高近一倍.     

介质保护膜在表面等离子体波探测器中的应用研究

基于表面等离子体波共振技术的探测器中金属膜通常与被探测物直接接触,在金属膜和被探测物之间增加一层介质膜,可以对金属膜进行保护.为了优化探测器的设计,通过对四层共振结构中表面等离子体波共振吸收峰随保护层厚度及其介电常数变化的计算,得到了对保护层参量的选择条件.     

反射式光纤表面等离子体波共振传感器特性研究

研究了一种基于表面等离子体波共振(SPR)光谱分析的折射率检测新方法。研究发现,表面等离子体波共振效应光谱特征的折射率灵敏度会随着液体性质变化而发生改变。根据折射率测量范围不同,分别选择共振波长和共振强度作为检测参量,实现理论折射率分辨力达到10~(-5)数量级以上。在理论分析和实验基础上,设计出一种基于共振光强检测的终端反射式光纤表面等离子体波共振效应传感系统,采用将传感信号和基准光信号的比值作为液体折射率变化的度量值。在1．3325～1．3991的折射率测量范围内,度量值与折射率之间呈现单调递减关系,线性相关系数为0．9983。通过定义耦合系数,还可实现对表面等离子体波共振效应效应强弱和变化趋势的评估。     

用表面等离子体共振原理检测湿度环境（英文）

采用Kretschmann结构激发表面等离子体,利用多孔陶瓷材料SiO2作感湿材料,当外界环境的相对湿度变化时,引起感湿层SiO2的折射率发生相应变化,导致表面等离子体共振角发生偏移.采用有限元法对传感系统在不同感湿层折射率下的反射谱进行了模拟分析,并根据反射谱的共振半峰宽和共振峰深度对金膜的厚度进行优化.研究结果表明:金膜的最佳厚度为55nm,反射谱的共振角偏移量与感湿层折射率变化呈线性关系,湿度检测的分辨率高达0.37%RΗ,灵敏度达到0.03°/%RH.该研究对基于表面等离子体共振原理的湿度传感器的研制与应用具有一定意义.     

基于双通道探针式81°倾斜光纤光栅的甲胎蛋白免疫检测

提出了一种双通道探针式81°倾斜光纤光栅(81°TFG)传感器,并将其用于甲胎蛋白(AFP)的免疫检测研究。首先,在81°TFG端面镀银膜形成反射式81°TFG,构建由2×2耦合器和两支81°TFG探针组成的双通道传感器。然后,在栅区表面修饰大尺寸AuNs粒子和GO,并以AFP单克隆抗体为特异性识别单元修饰栅区表面,实现基于双通道探针式81°TFG局域表面等离子体共振(LSPR)的AFP免疫传感器。最后,在复杂血清环境下完成免疫检测实验,结果表明,该传感器对AFP抗原质量浓度的检测极限在1～10 pg/mL之间,检测的饱和点约为200 ng/mL,灵敏度约为0.155 nm/log(pg/mL),对肝癌患者的血清具有良好的特异性响应。相比单通道透射式81°TFG传感器,该传感器能实现对目标分子阳性和阴性样本的同时对照检测,从而增强临床检测应用中的可靠性,且操作更简便、应用潜力更大。     

Ag:Bi2O3复合膜的线性和非线性光学性质

从实验和理论两个方面,探讨了金属Ag不同掺杂浓度对Ag:Bi2O3复合膜线性和非线性光学性质的影响.用吸收光谱研究了Ag浓度与Ag:Bi2O3复合膜表面等离子体共振带之间的关系;用皮秒Z-扫描技术研究了共振和非共振情况下(激发光波长分别为532 nm和1064 nm),金属Ag浓度与复合膜三阶非线性极化率的关系.基于表面等离子体共振理论和局域场增强理论对复合膜进行了分析,得到了不同Ag浓度时Ag:Bi2O3复合膜的三阶非线性效应,研究了激发波长和金属浓度对复合膜线性和非线性光学性质的影响.结果表明,等离子体共振增强和合适的金属掺杂浓度使得三阶极化率增强二个量级,在Ag浓度为35%左右和接近等离子体共振频率(相应吸收带位于560 nm-622 nm)的532 nm激发时,χ(3)具有最大值2.4×10-9esu.     

基于表面等离子体共振的水质分析系统稳定性研究

根据表面等离子体共振的原理，建立了可用于长期、实时、不间断检测的水质分析系统.为了提高系统的稳定性，对表面等离子体共振传感芯片进行了改进，利用LB法在传感芯片的金属膜表面镀制了聚苯乙烯（PS）层.利用改进前后的表面等离子体共振传感芯片分别对两种样品进行了稳定性实验研究.分析经过长时间检测前后所测得的实验数据，发现改进后的水质分析系统所测得的溶液表面等离子体共振共振角的变化为改进前系统的1/10，最小反射率改变为改进前的1/30.实验证明，经过改进的水质分析系统能更适用于长期不间断的检测分析.     

Trend of Ozone in the free troposphere above Europe

Summary Ozone observations were made one century ago by the Sch?nbein technique at meteorological observatories in the alpine region. Within the intrinsic limitations of the technique, historical readings have been converted to present-time concentrations (p.p.b.v.). The evaluated ozone level in the free troposphere (17 p.p.b.v.) was twice as large as at the surface; comparable values were obtained by chemical and spectroscopic technique in the first half of our century. Furthermore, the reconstructed ozone trend in the free troposphere shows a sharp increase after the ’50s, as already observed at the surface at midlatitudes of the northern hemisphere.     

W(110)面二维氧化的低能电子显微镜研究

应用低能电子显微术对W（110）面二维氧化结构进行了初步研究．随着氧暴露量的增加，低能电子衍射图样由清洁表面（1×1）结构转变成p（2×1），再变为带有复杂衍射卫星点的p（2×2）结构．利用低能电子显微术的暗场像模式，对（00）束附近的分数衍射斑点进行了放大成像，发现表面由两种对比度相差很大的区域组成，它们就是具有不同方位取向的氧超结构畴区．两种畴区的分布与衬底表面缺陷特别是表面台阶有一定的关系，而且温度对这种钨表面的二维氧化起着重要作用 关键词：     

Adsorption position of oxygen on the Pt(111) surface

The adsorption position of oxygen on the clean Pt(111) surface has been determined by means of the transmission channeling technique. Oxygen adsorbs in a well ordered p(2 × 2) overlayer structure at temperatures 200 T 350 K. From an analysis of the angular scans along the [111], [110] and [100] axial directions it is concluded that the O atoms are adsorbed in the fcc three-fold hollow site exclusively at a height of 0.85 ± 0.06 Å above the Pt surface layer. From a narrowing of the [111] angular O scan, the O RMS displacement parallel to the surface is found to be 0.16 ±0.03 Å.     

Fabrication of triazinedithiol functional polymeric nanofilm by potentiostatic polymerization on aluminum surface

The functional polymeric nanofilm of 6-(N-allyl-1,1,2,2-tetrahydroperfluorodecyl)amino-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-dithiol monosodium (AF17N) was prepared on pure aluminum surface by potentiostatic polymerization at different potentials. The thickness and weight of polymeric nanofilm increased proportionally to electro-polymerization potential following linear equation. The chemical structure of nanofilm was characterized by Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Adsorption peaks in FT-IR and C1s, N1s, S2p, F1s and Al2p peaks in XPS spectra indicated that the polymeric nanofilm was poly(6-(N-allyl-1,1,2,2-tetrahydroperfluorodecyl)amino-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-disulfide) (PAF17). The morphologies of polymeric nanofilm were also observed by atomic force microscopy (AFM). All the results showed that the optimal electro-polymerization potential and time were 8 V and 20 s, respectively. Uniform and compact nanofilm of PAF17 could be obtained under these conditions. It is expected that this technique will be applied in the preparation of lubricating, dielectric and hydrophobic surface on aluminum substrate.     

Time-resolved two-color interferometric photoemission of image-potential states on Cu(100)

We describe an interferometric time-resolved photoemission technique that makes it possible to simultaneously observe the decay of optical induced polarizations and populations at surfaces in a two-color excitation scheme. In this scheme initially unoccupied electronic surface states are coherently excited by the interaction of laser pulses with frequency ω_a and the two-photon polarization which is induced by laser pulses with frequency ω_a/2. Interference is observed by changing the delay between both laser pulses using an actively stabilized two-color Mach–Zehnder interferometer. We demonstrate this technique for excitation of the n=1 image-potential state on a Cu(100) surface. PACS 78.47.+p; 79.60.Bm; 73.20.-r; 82.53.Kp; 42.50.Md     

Surface structure determination of W(001)p(1 × 1)-2H: Chemisorption induced substrate relaxation

Surface structural parameters for the full coverage W(001)p(1 × 1)-2H system have been determined using new LEED measurements and model calculations for bridge-bonded hydrogen. The technique is shown to be clearly sensitive to hydrogen position at the surface with the H-W layer spacing determined to be $\text{1.17 ± 0.04}\text{A}\text{?}$ resulting in a H-W bond length of 1.97 Å. The distance between the top two tungsten layers has been determined to be less than 2% contracted relative to bulk termination which is less contraction than measured the for clean W(001) surface by other studies.     

Origin of p(2 x 1) phase on Si(001) by noncontact atomic force microscopy at 5 k

The controversial issue of the origin of the p(2 x 1) reconstruction of the Si(001) surface observed in recent low temperature scanning tunneling microscopy experiments is clarified here using 5 K noncontact atomic force microscopy. The c(4 x 2) phase is observed at separations corresponding to weak tip-surface interactions, confirming that it is the ground state of the surface. At larger frequency shifts the p(2 x 1) phase of symmetric dimers is observed. By studying the interaction of a reactive Si tip with the c(4 x 2) Si(001) surface using an ab initio method, we find that the observed change in the surface reconstruction is an apparent effect caused by tip induced dimer flipping resulting in a modification of the surface structure and appearance of the p(2 x 1) phase in the image. Using an appropriate scanning protocol, one can manipulate the surface reconstruction at will, which has significance in nanotechnology.     

Energetics of Si(001) surfaces exposed to electric fields and charge injection

We perform density-functional calculations on the influence of external electric fields and electrons or holes injected into surface states on the relative stability of c(4x2) and p(2x2) reconstructed Si(001) surfaces. It is shown that an electric field parallel to the [001] direction or the insertion of electrons into surface states favors the formation of p(2x2) periodicities. Our results explain recent experimental studies reporting changes of surface reconstruction of Si and Ge(001) surfaces induced by the scanning tunneling microscope and the occurrence of p(2x2) reconstructions on (001) surfaces of n-doped Si.     

五层对称人工超常材料结构的表面等离子体激元

研究了由左手材料、负介电材料、常规介电材料所构成的几种五层对称结构表面等离子体激元的特性.讨论了表面等离子体激元的存在区域、色散关系、以及p和s偏振的表面色散曲线枝,发现表面模的性质强烈依赖于系统的组成材料及其组合方式|层数越多,表面色散曲线枝也越多,处在频率通带的表面极化模态也越多|在五层结构中有p和s两种偏振的表面等离子体激元,在共振时,可导致p波和s波强透射.此外,通过使用衰减全反射方法,探讨了激发并观察表面等离子体激元的可能性.     

PIIID复合强化处理轴承钢表面TiN膜层的XPS表征

用等离子体浸没离子注入与沉积(PIIID)复合强化新技术在AISI52100轴承钢基体表面成功合成了硬而耐磨的氮化钛薄膜。膜层表面的化学组成和相结构分别用X射线衍射(XRD)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)表征;膜层表面的原子力显微镜(AFM)形貌显示出TiN膜结晶完整,结构致密均匀。XRD测试结果表明,TiN在(200)晶面衍射峰最强,具有择优取向。Ti(2p)的XPS谱峰泰勒拟合分析揭示出,Ti(2p_1/2)峰和Ti_2p3/2峰均有双峰出现,表明氮化物中的Ti至少存在不同的化学状态;N(1s)的XPS谱峰在396.51, 397.22和399.01 eV附近出现了三个分峰,分别对应于TiNO_y,TiN和N—N键中的氮原子。结合O(1s)的XPS结果,证实膜层中除生成有稳定的TiN相外,还有少量钛的氧化物和未参与反应的单质氮。整个膜层是由TiN,TiO₂,Ti—O—N化合物和少量单质氮组成的复合体系。