ADSORPTION OF NONIONIC AND ANIONIC POLYMERS ON γ-ALUMINA AND NA-MONTMORILLONITE AND THEIR MIXTURES

Adsorption isotherms of nonionic polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and anionic ionized polyacrylic acid (PAA) polymers on single Na-montmorillonite clay and γ-alumina adsorbents in 0.01M NaCl and pH 5.6 are reported and compared to results obtained with aqueous adsorbent mixtures. Microeiectrophoretic behaviours of adsorbents are also observed.

It can be shown that antagonistic effects due to interactions between oppositely charged adsorbent surfaces largely limit the nonionic PVP adsorption.     

ASPHERICITY AND PROLATENESS OF LINEAR AND CIRCULAR MACROMOLECULES

The shape asymmetry of gaussian models of linear and circular macromolecules hasbeen numerically invesigated in terms of asphericity and prolateness parameters. Theseparameters are found to decrease with increasing length for the macromolecule eitherconfined to a plane or in three dimensions. The effect of dimensionality on theseparameters is visible only for low dimensions and is generally weak. As dimensionality goesto infinity, it is found that asphericity and prolateness for both chains and rings approachslowly yet descendingly values of corresponding asphericity and prolateness factors, withthe exception of the chain which shows a minimum value of asphericity when theembedding space has a dimensionality of four.     

MECHANICS AND THE EVOLUTION AND FUNCTIONAL MORPHOLOGY OF CONCHOSTRACAN CARAPACE MECHANICS AND THE EVOLUTION AND FUNCTIONAL MORPHOLOGY OF CONCHOSTRACAN CARAPACE

Conchostracans, with a laterally compressed body enclosed between two symmetric valves, live swimming in fresh or brackish water. The carapace valve has a number of growth bands with various sculptures. The general trend of sculptural evolution is from smooth to punctate-minute polygon-medium reticulation-large reticulation, while these punctate, polygonal and various reticulate patterns may separately develop into various radial ridges. The development of sculpture can be well explained by mechanical principle. Functional morphology of carapace is discussed in the light of mechanics in this paper.     

ORGANIC INCLUSIONS AND THEIR RELATIONS WITH OILS AND GASES

Based on some typical examples, this paper systematically reviews the formation mechanism, geological implications and methodology of organic inclusions as well as their relations with oils and gases.Organic inclusions present a direct mark of primary and secondary migration of oils and gases. The authors put forward the methods and results of investigation and recognition of organic inclusions in this paper. In our research work, the following instruments and techniques were mainly used: polarizing microscope, fluorescent microscope, micro-heating-cooling stage and component analysis. By means of polarizing microscope, the characteristics of organic inclusions, such as their shape, size, distribution, colour and refrigeration, can be known, and furthermore we can divide organic inclusions into two classes. A fluorescent microscope can be used to make ultraviolet scanning on a single inclusion, measure its wavelength and draw a fluorescence spectrum. Heating and cooling experiments show that the measurement of homogenization temperatures is complex and the homogenization temperatures of organic inclusions are 10-20℃lower than those of inorganic salt solution inclusions for the same period. In the cooling process, organic inclusions hardly freeze and such phenomena as deformation of organic inclusions and pulsation stopping of gaseous bubbles can be observed. In component analysis, we can realize the proportion of gas components in each soluble organic constituent in the total extract.In gas and oil exploration, a knowledge of organic inclusions is vital to expanding the application of organic geochemical indices, understanding the geological time and direction of oil and gas migration, confirming the formation stages of oil and gas pools, ascertaining the properties, origin and evolution stages of oil-field waters, and directly guiding the exploration of oil and gas pools.     

FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF TAIHU LAKE AND RECENT DEPOSITION

Situated in the Taihu plain between the mouth of the Changjiang River and theHangzhou Bay, the Taihu Lake is a large shallow-water lake in China with a surface area of 2427.8 km~2.The lake bottom mainly consists of loess-like sediment. Some buried and silted up channels and residual depressions can be found at the bottom and a lot of Neolithic cultural relics on the loess-like sediment. This indicated that the Taihu Lake was formed on the alluvial plain charaterized by widely deposited loess-like sediment because of siltation and stagnancy of water, instead of by development from lagoons as reported in the past.Recent deposition including influent-effluent current accumulation, wind-driven current and storm deposition in this lake occurred mainly in the south, the west shore and the midst of the lake.The sedimentary rate in the east Taihu Lake is about 1.7-1.8 mm/a, whereas in the west Taihu Lake it is about 0.41 ram/a, only 23％ of that of the former.     

CROSSLINKING AND COMPATIBILIZATION IN BLENDS OF POLYSTYRENE AND POLYETHYLENE

This paper investigated the influences of butadiene rubber (BR) and dicumylperoxide (DCP) on thermal and rheological behaviour, morphology and mechanical proper-ties of PS/LLDPE/SBS blend. Addition of DCP alone was found to decrease the mechanicalproperties of PS/LLDPE/SBS blend due to the decomposition of PS. When BR was addedtogether with DCP, it is found that the co-crosslinking of BR, SBS and PE takes place,and the decomposition of PS is reduced simultaneously because of the consumption of thefree radicals in the crosslinking process. Synergism was thus realised which resulted in theimprovement of the ductility of blend.     

DISCOVERY AND DETERMINATION OF A DOMINANT MALE-STERILE GENE AND

This paper deals with the determination of one male-sterile plant found in Chinese wheatcultivar (T. aestuvum L.). It is the first time in the world that a spontaneous mutant is dis-eovered in wheat. This dominant male-sterile gene is assigned as Ta 1. This determinationfirmly confirms the existence of the genic male-sterility and provides once again the scien-tific evidence to solve the argument of this problem. On the other hand, a breeding programof using this gene, especially in recurrent selection, is herewith proposed.     

CRYSTAL AND MOLECULAR STRUCTURE OF N-CYANOMETHYL PH-THALIMIDE AND N-CYANOMETHYL SUCCIMIDE

<正> Diethylaminoacetonitrile (1) reacts with phthalimide (2) or succirnide (3) to produce N-cyanomethyl phthalimide (4) C10H6O2N2 (Mr = 186. 168) or N-cyanomethyl succirnide (5) C6H6O2N2(Mr= 138. 128),respectively. Their molecular and crystal structures were determined by IR, 1H NMR, MS and X-ray diffraction analysis, compound (4) crystallizes in monoclinic space group P21/a(P21/c) ,with cell dimensions 0=8. 225(4) ,6= 10. 956(4),c= 10. 041(5) A .β=102. 43(4)°,V=883. 1A3, μ= 0. 90cm-1, F (000) = 384, Z = 4; compound (5) crystallizes in monoclinic space group P1,with a=8. 404(2),b = 9. 710(2),c= 10. 093(2) A ,α= 104. 73(2)°,β = 108. 55(2)°, γ= 112. 03(2)°,V= 655. 2 A3,μ= 1.0cm-1 ,F(000) = 288,Z= 4. The average inner angles of the five-membered ring of (4) and (5) are about 108°. The imide and the carbon atom of the methylene radical of N-cyanomethyl and phenyl ring are all in one plane . so the bonds are delocalized and the α-hydrogen atoms of N-cyanomethyl are activated. The syntheses and crysta     

PURIFICATION AND PRIMARY STRUCTURES OF DUCK FIBRINOPEPTIDES A AND B

Duck fibrinopeptides A and B were purified by Dowex 50 W×2 ion exchange resin and DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B. The complete primary structures of duck fibrinopeptides A and B were determined by nianual Edman Sequence determination. The primary structure of duck fibrinopeptide A is pyr. Asp. Gly. Lys. Ser. Set. Phe.Gln. Lys. Glu. Gly, G]y. Gly, Val. Arg., and that of duck fibrinopeptide B is Pyr. Ala, Ser, Thr, Asp, Tyr. Asp. Asp. Glu. Asp. Glu. Ser. Thr. Val. Pro. Glu. Ala. Arg.     

PHOSPHORYL PROMOTION EFFECT AND FORMATION OF BOTH PEPTIDES AND NUCLEOTIDES

ＰＨＯＳＰＨＯＲＹＬ ＰＲＯＭＯＴＩＯＮ ＥＦＦＥＣＴ ＡＮＤ ＦＯＲＭＡＴＩＯＮ ＯＦ ＢＯＴＨ ＰＥＰＴＩＤＥＳ ＡＮＤ ＮＵＣＬＥＯＴＩＤＥＳ￥ｙｏｎｇＪＵ；ＷｅｉＨｕａＺＨＯＵａｎｄＹｕＦｅｎＺＨＡＯ（ＢｉｏｏｒｇａｎｉｃＰｈｏｓｐｈｏｒｕｓ...     

THE N-NITROSAMINES IN TOBACCO SMOKE AND ITS ADSORPTION AND DEGRADATION

1. INTRODUCTION Tobacco smoking ranks as a major public health problem whose negative impacts have been well established since the report of “smoking and health” published by the royal medicine academy of English in 1954. Besides nicotine, the major inducer of tobacco dependence, cigarette smoke also contains various toxic compounds, notably N-nitrosamines. Nitrosamines are formed by the nitrosation(addition of an N=O group, from the nitroso ramifications NO2, N2O3,N2O4) of secondary…     

ACTIVITY AND SELECTIVITY OF RUTHENIUM CARBONYL,KETENYLIDENE AND CARBIDE CLUSTER-DERIVED CATALYSTS FOR ETHYLENE HYDROFORMYLATION AND CO HYDROGENATION

The ruthenium catalyst prepared from triruthenium ketenylidenecluster exhibited high catalytic activity in hydroformylation of ethylene and COhydrogenation,compared with the catalyst from[HRu_3(CO)_(11)]~-.The highactivity possibly resulted from the ketenyl group(CCO)that could be partlyconverted to carbide species.     

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ORGANOMONTMORILLONITE AND POLYAMIDE 66/MONTMORILLONITE NANOCOMPOSITES

The montmorillonites (MMTs), layered, smectite-type silicates, were premodified by two different methods priorto the polymer melt intercalation. In one case MMTs were modified with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), andtermed as organomontmorillonites (OMMTs); in the other case MMTs were modified by nylon, and the products were calledmodified montmorillonites (MMMTs). The effects of CTAB and nylon on the MMTs were investigated by using TG andWAXD. The results show that interlayer spacings of CTAN and nylon modified MMTs are larger than that of sodium MMTs.Then, polyamide 66 (PA 66)/MMT nanocomposites were obtained through the method of melt intercalation of polymers. Thenanocomposites were characterized by WAXD, TEM and Molau experiments. The results indicate that the MMTs dispersehomogeneously in the PA 66 matrix. The mechanical properties of nanocomposites, such as tensile properties and flexuralproperties, were also measured and show a tendency to increase with increase of MMT content and reach the maximumvalues at 5phr MMT content. The heat distortion temperature (HDT) of the nanocomposites (7 phr) is about 32 K higher thanthat of pure PA 66.     

TARNISH AND PROTECTION OF SILVER DEPOSIT——MECHANISM AND METHOD

The mechanism of tarnish caused by exposure to light and Na_2S solution treatment on silver-electroplated deposit and the antitarnish effects of various antitarnish agents have been investigated in this paper. The results showed that 1-phenyl-5-mercaptotetrazole (PMTA) has excellent antitarnish effect for UV light and H_2S tests.The studies of XPS and AES and UV absorption spectra showed that PMTA can absorb effectively UV light and form a dense surface film which can prevent effectively the reactions between silver deposit with corrosive media.Antitarnish surface film could be composed of a polynuclear coordination polymeric compound with structure unit approximate to [Ag_3(PMTA)]. according to the depth dependence of percent component (C%) and sputtering time.     

ELECTRON TRANSFER AND PHOTOCHEMICAL VALENCE ISOMERIZATION IN ANTHRACENE AND NORBORNADIENE SYSTEMS

To harvest the sun light and to promote the amount of energystored,a new binary compound which links a sensitizer(electron donor),anthracene,and substrate(electron acceptor),norbornadiene,in a non-conjugated manner without increase in molecular weight was synthesized.Theinter-and intramolecular photosensitized isomerization and the mechanismwere studied.     

CRETACEOUS AND PALAEOGENE PALYNOFLORAS AND DISTRIBUTION OF ORGANIC ROCKS IN CHINA

This paper illustrates the Cretaceous and Palaeogene palynofloras and climatic belts and deals with distribution of dinoflagellates and acritarchs. In view of the relationship between organic rocks and climatic environments and that between petroleum and phytoplanktons, the probably advantageous areas to the formation of organic rocks are drawn.     

TERNARY COMPLEXES OF Cu （ATP） AND NUCLEIC ACID BASEADENINE AND GUANINE STABILITY CONSTANTS AND STACKING EFFECT

ＴＥＲＮＡＲＹＣＯＭＰＬＥＸＥＳＯＦＣｕ（ＡＴＰ）ＡＮＤＮＵＣＬＥＩＣＡＣＩＤＢＡＳＥＡＤＥＮＩＮＥＡＮＤＧＵＡＮＩＮＥＳＴＡＢＩＬＩＴＹＣＯＮＳＴＡＮＴＳＡＮＤＳＴＡＣＫＩＮＧＥＦＦＥＣＴ￥ＦｕＨａｉＷＵ；ＸｕｅＹｉＬＥ；ＦｅｎＹｕｎＳＯＮＧ；Ｂｉ...     

DISTRIBUTION AND DEVELOPMENT OF NONMARINE MESOZOIC BIVALVES AND FORMATIONS IN CHINA

In this paper the author reviews the available materials on the nonmarine Mesozoicbivalves in China and divides these fossils into five faunas and sevoral faunules according totheir geologic ages. Their distributions are briefly summarized. The Early Cretaceous orTPN (Trrgonioides -Plicatounio -Nippononaia ) fauna marks the greatest event and vicissitude inthe developmental history of these faunas. Besides the subdivision and correlation of the nonmarine Mesozoic in China with the aidof these foasil bivalves the stratigraphical development and some phases of the Indosinian andYanshanian tectonic cycles are briefly discussed and chronologically dated. The Early Cre-taceous Mincheian movement is considered to play a more hoportant role than the latest MiddleJurassic Ningchinian movement. The Mincheian with a younger uplift is essentially accordantwith the results recently reached about Mid-Cretaceous events by international geological andpaleontological studies.     

AROMATIC AND HETEROCYCLIC DINITRILES AND THEIR POLYMERS ⅩⅢ. POLYMERIZATION KINETICS OF BENZONITRILE AND THE STRUCTURE OF PRODUCTS

The polymerization kinetics of benzonitrile were studied, and the formation rate constants of s-triazine structure and linear polymer were determined. The influence of polymerization temperature and the amount of zinc chloride as catalyst on the ratio of linear to cyclic structure were also investigated, and the obtained results were discussed.