碳沥青中几种钒、镍矿物的发现和成因讨论

本文通过光学鉴定和扫描电镜等分析测试手段,首次在广西上林、河池碳沥青中发现粒度在1—5微米左右的微粒分散状针镍矿、紫硫镍矿、六方氧钒矿、黑铁钒矿。根据碳沥青的产出条件和结构构造特征,认为碳沥青。和钒、镍的物质来源都是来自本层下部中泥盆统的黑色炭质、钙质生油页岩和泥灰岩。并且认为碳沥青中分散的几种钒、镍矿物,是在油气演化晚期阶段从合钒、镍卟啉等金属-有机化合物的原油沥青经热变质作用分解、转化而来的。     

ORGANIC INCLUSIONS AND THEIR RELATIONS WITH OILS AND GASES

Based on some typical examples, this paper systematically reviews the formation mechanism, geological implications and methodology of organic inclusions as well as their relations with oils and gases.Organic inclusions present a direct mark of primary and secondary migration of oils and gases. The authors put forward the methods and results of investigation and recognition of organic inclusions in this paper. In our research work, the following instruments and techniques were mainly used: polarizing microscope, fluorescent microscope, micro-heating-cooling stage and component analysis. By means of polarizing microscope, the characteristics of organic inclusions, such as their shape, size, distribution, colour and refrigeration, can be known, and furthermore we can divide organic inclusions into two classes. A fluorescent microscope can be used to make ultraviolet scanning on a single inclusion, measure its wavelength and draw a fluorescence spectrum. Heating and cooling experiments show that the measurement of homogenization temperatures is complex and the homogenization temperatures of organic inclusions are 10-20℃lower than those of inorganic salt solution inclusions for the same period. In the cooling process, organic inclusions hardly freeze and such phenomena as deformation of organic inclusions and pulsation stopping of gaseous bubbles can be observed. In component analysis, we can realize the proportion of gas components in each soluble organic constituent in the total extract.In gas and oil exploration, a knowledge of organic inclusions is vital to expanding the application of organic geochemical indices, understanding the geological time and direction of oil and gas migration, confirming the formation stages of oil and gas pools, ascertaining the properties, origin and evolution stages of oil-field waters, and directly guiding the exploration of oil and gas pools.     

DISCOVERY OF SOME VANADIUM AND NICKEL MINERALS FROM ANTHRAXOLITE AND DISCUSSION OF THEIR ORIGIN

By means of optical identification, Seanning Electron Microscopic analysis, etc., finegranular dispersed millerite, violarite, karelianite and montroseite were discovered for thefirst time from anthraxolites at Shanglin and Hechi in Zhuang Autonomous Region ofGungxi. Based on the occurrence and texture of anthraxolites, we propose that they along withthe vanadium and nickel content must have been derived from the black carbonaceous andcalcareous shale and marl of mid-Devonian system and that these minerals may have beenproduced by thermal metamorphism from crude oil and bitumen containing metallo-organiccompounds, such as vanadium and nickel porphyrins at the late stage of oil-gas evolution.     

PRELIMINARY STUDY OF HYDROCARBONS GENERATED FROM FUSHUN COAL RESINITE (Ⅰ)——PRODUCTIVITY AND NATURE OF HYDROCARBONS

Thermal simulation experiments were conducted to understand the productivity of hydrocarbons andtheir nature. It is shown by the experimental results that coal resinite has a high productivity of hydro-carbons and may be a good source rock, resulting in light oils of low maturity in early stage. Naturalgases generated from coal resinite are rich in high molecular weight gas hydrocarbons (C_2~+), up to 19%(V/V). So, if natural gases were generated from coal formation which is rich in resinites, they cannotbe recognized as dry gases as normal. Characteristics of liquid hydrocarbons generated from coal resinitesare: (i) main composition of aromatics in extracts, of which the amount will increase with increasingmaturity; (ii) major compounds of diterpenoids in aliphatics.     

抚顺煤树脂体成烃的初步实验研究——Ⅰ.烃的产率与性质

本文研究了抚顺第三系煤树脂体在人工热模拟条件下的产油、产气能力及所产出的油、气的性质。结果表明:煤树脂体具有很好的产烃能力,是很好的生油母质,可能是形成低成熟轻质原油的重要煤岩成份,煤树脂体生成的气体中乙烷以上重烃的含量很高,最高达19％(体积),因而富含树脂体的含煤地层中产出之煤成气不能一般地认为属于干气的范畴。煤树脂体产出液体烃类的特征是:(1)组成上以芳烃为主,并随成熟度的增高而增加;(2)烷烃以三环二萜类化合物为主。     

有机包裹体及其与油气的关系

本文结合我国实例,较系统地论述了有机包裹体的形成机制及地质意义,研究方法以及与油气的关系。有机包裹体是烃类原生运移及次生运移聚集与演化的直接标志。作者介绍了利用偏光显微镜、荧光显微镜、显微冷热台、成分分析等手段,研究及识别有机包裹体的方法及结果。