CIELAB与CIECAM02色空间均匀性比较研究

采用均匀色空间Munsell系统检验和验证了CIELAB和色貌模型CIECAM02色空间的均匀性。利用Mun- sell色卡所对应的三刺激值X,Y,Z作为模型的输入值,预测色空间模型的明度、彩度和色调,并通过预测结果比较和检验了CIELAB色空间和CIECAM02模型色空间的均匀性。研究表明:在预测明度方面,两个色空间的结果相似;在预测彩度时,CIECAM02模型较好于CIELAB色空间;在预测色调时,当色调逐渐从BG变化到B时,CIELAB所预测的色调角与由Munsell色空间计算出来的色调角之差逐渐增大,最大时超过6%,而CIECAM02所预测的色调角与Munsell色空间的色调角之差在2.5%以内,CIECAM02优于CIELAB色空间。     

孟塞尔色序系统与CIE1931标准色度系统转换新算法

孟塞尔色序系统到CIE标准色度系统的自动转换在颜色和视觉领域是一个很重要的课题.提出了一种基于等色调线和等彩度线插值的新算法,实现孟塞尔色序系统与CIE1931标准色度系统之间颜色的相互转换.实验测试表明,由孟塞尔系统到CIE色度系统的正向转换准确度为ΔY=0.004,Δx=0.000 13,Δy=0.000 13,由CIE色度系统到孟塞尔系统的反向转换准确度达到了ΔV ≈0,ΔH=0.017 5,ΔC=0.013.     

基于模式识别技术的色貌模型评价研究

选用Munsell新标数据集,采用基于模式识别技术的圆度、色相角偏差、明度线性度与空间投影点聚集度四个指标来分别评价目前八个典型色貌模型在彩度均匀性、色相预测准确性、明度均匀性、颜色的空间再现的能力。结果表明,不同的色貌模型在四个方面的颜色再现性上表现出不同的优势。八个色貌模型对彩度预测最好的是RLAB,每个色貌模型对红色和绿色预测比较好,CAM02在色相预测整体上占优势;明度的均匀性预测都比较好,尤其是CIELAB;LLAB的颜色的空间再现能力最好。     

IPT色空间及其均匀性研究

IPT色空间在色域映射和图像色貌模型研究中得到应用。介绍了IPT色空间,采用D65光源下的孟塞尔系统和Ebner和Fairchild提出恒常色相数据研究了IPT色空间的均匀性。孟塞尔系统的三刺激值XYZ作为IPT色空间输入值,计算明度、彩度和色相,并与CIELAB色空间计算结果进行均匀性比较。结果表明,在明度均匀性方面,两个色空间结果基本相似,CIELAB色空间比IPT色空间稍好;在彩度均匀性上,CIELAB色空间较好于IPT色空间;在色相均匀上,采用孟塞尔系统数据的计算结果中IPT色空间在对蓝色色相预测和各个色相角的线性关系要比CIELAB色空间好,而对于Ebner和Fairchild恒常感知色相数据,IPT色空间的色相均匀性明显优于CIELAB色空间。     

基于冷暖白光LED的线性调光混合照明

为了提供高品质、更安全和智能的照明光源,基于冷暖白光LED建立了线性调光混合照明系统及其优化调光调色方法。混合照明光源以色温和明度等级分别设定光色度和光强度,更加符合人性化需求。在系统智能优化配光过程中,设定色温转换为CIE u'v'均匀色品坐标,明度转换为亮度,使优化计算更加精确。系统采用的线性调光避免了闪烁潜在的安全风险,同时配合优化算法解决了线性调光色度漂移大的问题。实验结果表明,系统混合光的色度稳定性可以保持在1阶CIE u'v'圆内,相应色度设定下的整个光强度调节范围内无可察觉的色差。理论研究和实验结果表明该混光照明系统简单可行,具有较高的实用价值。     

基于视觉容差与色调角相关性的色差公式评价

为了研究CIELAB颜色空间中明度、彩度和色调等视觉容差与色调角之间的相关性对基于CIELAB的典型色差公式(CIELAB、CMC、BFD、CIE94、LCD以及CIEDE2000)预测性能的影响,实验选取了具有不同明度和彩度冰平的5个色调环(L*=30,50,70和Cab*=10,20,30),并采用3个不同视觉尺度(△V=3.02,5.92和8.87CIELAB单位)进行视觉评估实验.8名色觉正常观察者根据心理物理学的恒常刺激法原理,在阴极射线管(CRT)显示器上获取了相应颜色中心的明度、彩度和色调视觉容差.对实验结果的详细分析表明,由于明度容差与色调角无明显相关性,6个色差公式的预测性能均较好,其中CIEDE2000略优于其它色差公式.对于彩度容差,LCD(Leeds color-difference formula)预测性能表现最优,而CIEDE2000和BFD的表现最差,其余色差公式则相差不多.CIEDE2000和LCD的色调权重函数的预测性能明显优于其它色差公式,而CMC预测性能则为最差.     

基于中国颜色体系的色差公式分析

CIE均匀颜色空间及利用色差公式对色差进行计算对彩色复制品的评价具有很关键的作用。利用中国颜色体系在视觉上为等色差系统以及色调、彩度和明度可以单独改变的特性,分别从色调、彩度、明度三方面对CIEL*a*b*、CMC(l:c)、CIE94、CIEDE2000色差公式进行了比较分析。结果表明:用各色差公式计算出的平均色差值是不同的,它们的均匀性也不同。需要针对不同的明度、彩度、色调选择使用不同的色差公式。     

颜色视觉匹配中明度阈值的评价

为了对颜色视觉匹配中的明度阈值特性进行评价,采用在阴极射线管显示器上获得的颜色刺激,在5个不同明度的中性色背景下,标准刺激的明度L*从5到95以5个CIELAB单位为变化步长,共对19个不同明度的中性标准颜色进行视觉匹配实验。通过对实验结果的处理和分析,验证了关于颜色刺激视觉辨别明度阈值与背景明度之间相关性的韦伯法则和crispening效应,同时利用颜色视觉匹配数据对基于CIELAB的相关色差公式进行了评价和比较,CIEDE2000具有最好的明度差预测性能,CMC次之,CIELAB和CIE94最差。     

印刷样品恰可察觉小色差辨色阈值的研究Ⅰ:目视评价实验数据分析

为了研究人眼对反射样品颜色在恰可察觉小色差辨色网值水平上的颜色视觉特性,对印在半光相纸上的17个CIE基本颜色中心区域,约1000对颜色色样,采用心理物理实验方法中的同定刺激法.在CIEl976a*-b*平面上分别测得16名色觉正常的观察者在不同颜色区域的辨色阈值,并以色度椭圆表示辨色阈值实验结果.通过对实验数据的详细处理和分析表明,等明度a*-b*平面非视觉均匀,人眼对一、二象限的色宽容度普遍高于三、四象限的色宽容度,对高彩度的橙色具有最高的宽容度,对蓝色具有最低的宽容度,所有的颜色在红～绿方向的视觉色差尺度均低于黄-蓝方向.实验结果可为均匀颜色空间及其色差公式的改进和发展提供原始数据和参考依据.     

基于阈上小色差的色差公式权重函数研究

利用心理物理实验的恒常刺激法,测得了在CIELAB颜色空间中a*b*平面上16个颜色中心的阈上小色差(约3ΔE*ab单位)色度椭圆.基于本实验和RIT-Dupont各16个非中性色颜色中心的彩度差和色调差数据分别拟合得到相应的彩度权重函数SC_ZJU07和色调权重函数SH_ZJU07.应用获得的视觉实验数据对六个基于CIELAB的典型色差公式的彩度和色调权重函数以及SC_ZJU07和SH_ZJU07的色差预测性能进行评价,结果表明所提出的SC_ZJU07和SH_ZJU07的预测性能均为最佳.对于彩度差数据,六个色差公式彩度权重函数的预测性能表现不佳;而对于色调差数据,CIEDE2000色调权重函数的预测性能明显优于其他公式.     

NCS颜色空间标号的扩充方法研究

为了对现有NCS颜色空间的标号进行扩充,通过分析NCS图谱集上样本的CIE1976L a b 的值与NCS颜色空间坐标的关系,将NCS标号间隔单位由图谱集中的每10个黑度、艳度单位扩充至每1个黑度、艳度单位。应用样条插值、线性插值算法计算出这些扩充标号对应的CIELAB值,并将它们绘制在CIELAB空间图上。     

基于Munsell新标系统的色差公式的均匀性研究

利用Munsell体系中色卡分布的视觉均匀性,对CIELAB及基于CIELAB的典型色差公式CMC、CIE94和CIEDE2000的原始形式(k1=kc=kH=1)在色差计算上的均匀性进行了测试和评价.采用Munsell颜色立体中不同位置和方向上的等距数据作为测试的输入数据对,借助性能因子(Performance Fa...     

Recovery of spectral data using weighted canonical correlation regression

The weighted canonical correlation regression technique is employed for reconstruction of reflectance spectra of surface colors from the related XYZ tristimulus values of samples. Flexible input data based on applying certain weights to reflectance and colorimetric values of Munsell color chips has been implemented for each particular sample which belongs to Munsell or GretagMacbeth Colorchecker DC color samples. In fact, the colorimetric and spectrophotometric data of Munsell chips are selected as fundamental bases and the color difference values between the target and samples in Munsell dataset are chosen as a criterion for determination of weighting factors. The performance of the suggested method is evaluated in spectral reflectance reconstruction. The results show considerable improvements in terms of root mean square error (RMS) and goodness-of-fit coefficient (GFC) between the actual and reconstructed reflectance curves as well as CIELAB color difference values under illuminants A and TL84 for CIE1964 standard observer.     

Spectral data compression using weighted principal component analysis with consideration of human visual system and light sources

This paper proposed two weight functions based on principal component analysis (PCA) to reserve more colorimetric information in spectral data compression process. One weight function consisted of the CIE XYZ color-matching functions representing the characteristic of the human visual system, while another was made up of the CIE XYZ color-matching functions of human visual system and relative spectral power distribution of the CIE standard illuminant D65. The improvement obtained from the proposed two methods were tested to compress and reconstruct the reflectance spectra of 1600 glossy Munsell color chips and 1950 Natural Color System color chips as well as six multispectral images. The performance was evaluated by the mean values of color difference under the CIE 1931 standard colorimetric observer and the CIE standard illuminant D65 and A. The mean values of root mean square errors between the original and reconstructed spectra were also calculated. The experimental results show that the proposed two methods significantly outperform the standard PCA and another two weighted PCA in the aspects of colorimetric reconstruction accuracy with very slight degradation in spectral reconstruction accuracy. In addition, weight functions with the CIE standard illuminant D65 can improve the colorimetric reconstruction accuracy compared to weight functions without the CIE standard illuminant D65.     

Computerized Simulation and Chromatic Adaptation Experiments Based on a Model of Aged Human Lens

Color appearance seen by old people does not significantly differ from that seen by young subjects even though their ocular lens has become more yellow with age. We calculated the age-related change of lights reflected from Munsell color chips onto the retina, and derived results that show that the chromaticity values of all the color chips shifted to the yellow region of the xy-chromaticity diagram. However, a replot on the CIELAB diagram and the estimation by means of the von Kries adaptation model suggests that old people may compensate their color vision using a general chromatic adaptation process. To test this hypothesis, we conducted two experiments: a chromatic adaptation experiment and a color matching experiment to simulate D65-lights as seen by older people but using young subjects. The results indicate that chromatic adaptation does not provide a complete explanation for color compensation by older people, suggesting that an age-related change of the yellow-blue opponent color mechanism may contribute to this compensation.     

用阴极射线管显示器研究辨色阈值Ⅱ:典型色差公式评价

利用由辨色阈值实验得到的CIELAB颜色空间中等明度a*-b*平面上的视觉数据,对四个典型色差公式CIELAB、CMC、CIE94和CIEDE2000在辨色阈值水平上的色差预测性能进行测试和评价,并采用性能因子PF/3来表示各色差公式的优劣。对于原始形式(kC=kH=1)的色差公式,CIEDE2000的色差预测性能最好,其次为CIE94和CMC,CIELAB最差。采用对kC和kH进行优化后的色差公式,CIEDE2000的色差预测性能依然最佳,其余三个色差公式的预测性能基本相同;除了CIELAB明显改善外,其他公式的色差预测性能只比原始形式略有提高。色差公式CIEDE2000在黄色和蓝色区域的色差预测性能表现优异,但在灰色、红色和绿色区域的预测性能仍有待进一步改进。     

一种新的适用于彩色图像处理的彩色空间变换方法

从人眼的视学特性角度出发，在ＣＩＥ国际颜色标准系统和孟塞尔系统基础上，提出了一种适用于人彩色图像处理的色空间转换模式，并利用此方法对医用胃镜输出的图像进行了不破坏色调前提下的图像增强处理，明显地提高了彩色图像的细节分辨，实践证明该方法不失为一种具有实用意义的彩色空间变及图像处理方法。     

Testing CIELAB-based color-difference formulae using large color differences

Three advanced CIELAB-based color-difference formulae, CMC, CIE94, and CIEDE2000, together with the basic CIELAB equation, were tested using large color-difference visual data (maximum average size was 12 CIELAB ΔE units) produced in this study. The color-difference comparison experiment was carried out at CIE Gray and Blue centers by a panel of 6 normal color-vision observers using CRT-generated stimuli based on the psychophysical method of constant stimuli. The experimental data, processed via probit analysis, were well fitted to chromaticity ellipses with a high reliance according to the observer accuracy in terms ofPF/3 measure. A detailed comparison was performed to analyze the agreement between predicted color differences from all formulae and their corresponding visual scales in all measurement planes of CIELAB space. The results show that the CIEDE2000 marginally outperformed the others at all color centers while CIE94 was the worst in original formulae or with optimizedk _L value, but the CIELAB performed worst when the parametric factors ofk _L,k_c, andk _H were all optimized, with the CMC always lying between these extremes.