力-热载荷下双金属复合管的屈曲失效研究

采用有限元方法研究了力-热载荷下双金属复合管的屈曲失效行为,通过三维有限元建模考虑了双金属复合管的准静态复合成型制造过程中产生的残余应力,分析了温度及内压两个主要参数对双金属复合管屈曲失效的影响。结果表明,高温导致材料发生软化,抑制了双金属复合管的屈曲;弯矩、内压及热载荷联合作用下,复合管内介质温度降低,复合管弯矩达到最大值对应的曲率减小,而弯曲承载能力增大,外基管的椭圆率也增大;内压变化对复合管的弯曲承载能力和外基管的椭圆率影响较小。     

双金属复合管的静动态力学特性

对双金属复合管单位长度质量的等效截面抗弯曲、抗拉压、抗扭刚度进行了推导。分析了钢-铜、钢-铝双层、铜-钢-铜三层双金属复合管在不同结构和尺寸组合时,其各等效截面刚度与同规格单金属管各截面刚度之比随内层管与总管壁厚之比n的变化规律。获得了最优刚度性能的复合管最佳结构与尺寸组合,能节约贵金属材料。采用等效截面抗弯曲刚度、等效截面抗拉压刚度、等效质量法,推导出双金属复合管弯曲振动和轴向振动固有频率的计算模型;采用等效截面抗扭刚度、等效质量并结合等效转动惯量法,推导出其扭转振动固有频率计算模型。复合管前三阶固有频率的计算值与有限元值相比,最大误差为2.35%;与实测值相比,最大误差为3.15%。研究结果表明:内铝、外钢复合管在抗弯、抗扭方面(n=0.63时)存在最优结构。     

顶驱中心管螺纹的力学性能研究

顶驱中心管螺纹连接可靠性直接决定了钻井作业的效率,为降低事故发生率,有必要对中心管螺纹的力学性能和连接强度进行研究。基于弹塑性力学理论、虚功原理、Von Mises屈服准则、中心管材料本构模型试验研究结果,建立了二维轴对称有限元模型,获得了中心管螺纹接头的应力分布规律,通过钻具接头胀扣试验验证了有限元分析结果的可靠性。结合现场失效的管螺纹,分析了在紧扣圈数、轴向载荷工况下的应力分布以及管体变形情况。结果表明,过大的预紧载荷和轴向拉力易引起螺纹牙粘扣和管体剧烈变形。在此基础上对不同预紧状态和摩擦系数下的接头进行了分析,考察其在复合载荷作用时对应力分布的影响规律,得出其对牙体断裂风险、滑脱失效及抗粘扣性能等具有极大的影响。     

腹板V形加劲冷弯薄壁卷边槽钢柱试验研究

为了解腹板V形加劲冷弯薄壁卷边槽钢构件的受压性能,对8根短柱和中长柱进行了轴心受压试验研究。在试验之前首先用有限条和有限元方法对柱试件进行了详细的设计,以确保发生畸变屈曲失效。柱受压试验结果发现：所有试件均发生畸变屈曲失效破坏,同时在峰值荷载时中长柱试件有绕弱轴的弯曲产生,畸变屈曲和局部屈曲一样也有一定的屈曲后强度。在总结分析现有国内外规范计算理论的基础上,提出了基于直接强度法设计腹板V形加劲冷弯薄壁卷边槽钢轴压构件畸变屈曲承载力的计算方法。采用该建议方法计算所得结果与试验值和参数分析值吻合较好,其设计过程简便且安全可靠。     

泡沫铝内衬对抗内部爆炸钢筒变形的影响

为提高承受内部爆炸载荷钢筒的抗爆性能，研究了泡沫铝内衬对钢筒变形的影响。首先通过对比实验，发现在本文的实验条件下，泡沫铝内衬导致钢筒变形增大，甚至发生了严重的破坏；进而建立有限元模型，研究了钢筒变形随爆炸当量、泡沫铝内衬厚度的变化机理和规律。结果表明，添加足够厚度的泡沫铝内衬能够减小钢筒变形，但泡沫铝厚度不足时，则可能起到相反的效果。对于固定尺寸的含泡沫铝内衬钢筒，随着爆炸当量增加，泡沫铝内衬对钢筒塑性变形的影响主要包含3种模式。模式1，泡沫铝可通过塑性变形吸收爆炸载荷，从而减小钢筒变形。模式2，泡沫铝内衬导致钢筒承受的载荷强度增大，钢筒塑性变形增大。模式3，泡沫铝对载荷强度的影响可忽略，泡沫铝通过增大结构质量减小钢筒塑性变形。     

深海保温输油管后屈曲及屈曲传播的有限元分析

本文运用ABAQUS有限元软件模拟深海输油管道的后屈曲及屈曲传播现象．将深海输油管道视为内、外层为合金钢材,夹心为聚氨酯泡沫的输油管道．采用线弹性-线性硬化的本构关系,运用Riks分析法获得后屈曲平衡路径,以此模拟管道中的屈曲传播过程,并获得屈曲传播压力．通过数值算例,综合讨论了不同初始缺陷、不同径厚比、不同夹层与夹心厚度比对、不同的材料弹性模量对屈曲传播过程和压力的影响．最后将输油管退化为单层管,将传播压力的有限元结果与实验结果、 Palmer理论解比较．结果表明有限元值、实验结果、理论值三者比较吻合．验证了有限元分析的正确性．     

含预置损伤复合材料加筋板的单轴压缩屈曲分析

通过试验和有限元方法分析了单轴压缩下加筋板的失效模式.研究了三种预置损伤位置及四种损伤尺寸的复合材料T型加筋板的线性及非线性屈曲行为,比较了损伤对临界屈曲载荷和最大失效载荷的影响.研究结果表明:损伤位置在桁条间蒙皮时,损伤的尺寸对其临界屈曲载荷和最大失效载荷影响较小;损伤位置在桁条区蒙皮时,加筋板的临界屈曲载荷随损伤尺寸的增加而明显降低,最大降低50%;损伤位置在桁条边凸缘处蒙皮时,加筋板最大失效载荷所受影响随损伤尺寸的增加而明显降低,最大降低25%.从而得到了复合材料加筋板临界屈曲载荷比和最大失效载荷比与损伤位置及尺寸的关系图.     

电磁内爆套筒动力屈曲的实验和数值模拟

用实验及数值模拟方法研究了电磁内爆套筒的屈曲响应规律。用电容器组脉冲发生器装置作为驱动源,设计4种不同材料、不同尺寸的金属套筒,通过调节电容器组的充电电压得到不同的加载电流,研究材料及几何参数、加载脉冲特性对套筒屈曲的影响;采用瞬态非线性有限元方法对实验结果进行了数值模拟。研究表明,在同样加载电流作用下相同材料套筒形成的屈曲波数随半径/厚度比增大而增大,不同材料套筒的屈曲波数随屈服强度/塑性强化模量比值增大而增大,而相同材料的屈曲波数不随加载电流的大小而改变;模拟计算结果与实验结果基本吻合。     

不规则蜂窝材料在单向荷载作用下的蠕变屈曲分析

采用Norton蠕变理论和自由能守恒原理,分析了垂直与倾斜壁厚不等的非正六边形不规则蜂窝材料在面内单向应力作用下的蠕变屈曲行为,得到了蠕变屈曲临界应力与蠕变屈曲失效时间之间的函数关系.讨论了加载应力、初始缺陷、不规则蜂窝材料孔穴壁的厚度、长度与倾斜壁倾角对蠕变屈曲失效时间的影响.     

海流作用下轮机叶轮的屈曲失效分析

采用有限元计算方法,全面系统地研究了在海流联合作用下卧式海流轮机叶轮的屈曲失效行为。运用屈曲失效理论、几何力分析、三维数值模拟计算相结合的手段,考虑到轮机叶轮在海流作用过程中产生的内应力作用,分析并讨论了水动力攻角、海流作用力、轮毂对叶轮的支撑点分布位置、叶轮内外压差等参数对叶轮径向屈曲失效的影响。结果表明:海流联合作用时,弦向海流力比纵向海流力的有效推力转换率高68%,相较于传统纯潮流作用下,海流联合作用时的叶轮结构未发生明显屈曲;水动力攻角20°时叶轮抗屈曲能力强,相对径向屈曲形变量比水动力攻角为40°时减小了33%;双支撑点分布位置的变化不会改变轮机叶轮的相对屈曲特性。在双支撑点分布的跨度范围内,叶轮相对径向屈曲较小,叶轮两端翼相对径向屈曲较大;从模拟计算中可以看出,叶轮内外压差变化对叶轮屈曲承载力的影响小。     

Mechanical behavior and wrinkling of lined pipes

The paper focuses on wrinkling of lined pipes (sometimes referred to as clad pipes) under bending loading, where a corrosion-resistant thin-walled liner is fitted inside a carbon–steel outer pipe. The problem is solved numerically, using nonlinear finite elements to simulate liner pipe deformation and its interaction with the outer pipe. Stresses and strains are monitored throughout the deformation stage, detecting possible detachment of the liner from the outer pipe and the formation of wrinkles. The wrinkling behavior of elastic and elastic–plastic (steel) lined pipes under bending is examined. The results indicate that the lateral confinement of the liner pipe due to the deformable outer pipe and its interaction with the outer pipe has a decisive influence on the wrinkling behavior of the lined pipe. It is also shown that the behavior is characterized by a first bifurcation in a uniform wrinkling pattern, followed by a secondary bifurcation. The values of corresponding buckling curvature are determined and comparison with available experimental results is conducted in terms of wrinkle height development and the corresponding buckling wavelength. The results of the present research can be used for safer design of lined pipes in pipeline applications.     

带接头管道在内压与循环载荷作用下的棘轮行为研究

液压管道在服役过程中受内压和循环弯曲载荷的共同作用．管道经常处于非比例循环加载状态，尤其是在管道接头位置处，容易产生棘轮行为，对管道的服役寿命有不利影响．因此，本文采用充液管道悬臂弯曲加载方式，对管道在接头位置处的棘轮响应进行研究。首先通过管材实验确定了材料的非线性等向/随动强化模型参数，并通过应变的实验测量结果与数值仿真结果的比较，验证了本构模型的有效性，然后建立了悬臂管道的有限元模型，模拟分析内压水平，内压小幅脉动，管道壁厚等因素对管道棘轮行为的影响．通过对带接头管道棘轮行为的研究分析，为进一步完善液压管道的设计，提高液压管道的可靠性，提供一定的理论基础．     

Stress and Strain Analysis of Pipelines with Localized Metal Loss

This paper presents the analysis of stress and strain data acquired with the finite element method and with tests that used post-yielding strain gages bonded onto the external surface of pipes that suffered thickness metal loss and that had been loaded with internal pressure. These metal loss areas were produced by three different processes: actual internal corrosion, careful machining of external patches by spark-erosion, and milling of internal or external patches to simulate limited or extensive strip corrosion defects with depths up to 70% of the pipe’s thickness. Results show that: (1) the extensive longitudinal internal or external defect areas behave as extensive strips with a high degree of freedom to deform elastically and plastically in the circumferential and thickness directions, and (2) large restraints are offered to the longitudinal strains by the non-corroded thick walls parallel to the strip. Using the above experimental observation, a simple mathematical model was developed to predict the burst pressure of pipes with longitudinal extensive and reasonably constant depths of metal loss. This model employed thin-pipe-strength-of-material equations associated to a bulging correction factor, the material’s uniaxial ultimate strength and the von Mises criterion. The onset of plastic collapse predicted by the simple model was successfully compared with results determined from actual hydrostatic tests that were carried out with full scale pipe specimens and from finite element results generated by the use of a commercial program. The developed model was also helpful in showing that the yield and burst behaviors of new or corroded pipeline specimens under laboratory test conditions can be directly compared and extended to the yield and burst behaviors of buried pipeline in field operation.     

Axisymmetric wrinkling of snug-fit lined pipe

An analytical bifurcation solution is presented for axisymmetric wrinkling on a lined pipe under axial compression without internal pressure. The internal liner consists of corrosion-resistant alloy (CRA), it is not metallurgically bonded to the carbon steel backing pipe, and it is assumed to be in a snug fit condition: i.e. there is no gap between the liner and the backing pipe, but also no prestress that would lead to a positive contact or gripping pressure between the liner and the backing. The backing is assumed to be much thicker than the liner, so that wrinkling-related deformations of the backing pipe can be neglected.The solution indicates that the incipient wrinkling strain for the snug-fit pipe without any imperfections is the same as the incipient wrinkling strain for a single pipe with (5/3) times the wall thickness of the liner, and the same midsurface diameter, as determined by the solution of Batterman (1965) for the case of small strains, or Peek (2000a) for the case of finite strains. For the case when the liner-pipe friction is included the factor (5/3) increases slightly.A positive contact pressure due to prestress or internal pressure raises the wrinkling strain, whereas imperfections (e.g. at seam or girth welds) reduces it. The snug-fit solution accounts for neither, but nevertheless provides a useful reference wrinkling strain, and can be used to validate numerical solutions, and it gives a bifurcation modeshape and wrinkle length that can be used in numerical models to investigate post-bifurcation behaviour.     

Some considerations on instability of combined loaded thin-walled tubes with a crack

Instability of a thin-walled stainless steel tube with a crack-shaped defect under combined loading is studied in this paper. Furthermore, the effects of the tube length, crack orientation, and crack length on the buckling behavior of tubes are investigated. The behavior of tubes subjected to combined is analyzed by using the finite element method (by Abaqus software). For cracked tubes with a fixed thickness, the buckling load decreases as the tube length and the ratio of the tube length to its diameter increase. Moreover, the buckling load of cracked tubes under combined loading also decreases with increasing crack length.     

Liner wrinkling and collapse of bi-material pipe under bending

Lining internally a carbon steel pipe with a thin layer of corrosion resistant material is an economical method for protecting offshore tubulars from the corrosive ingredients of hydrocarbons. In applications involving severe plastic bending, such as in the reeling installation process, the liner can detach from the outer pipe and develop large amplitude buckles that compromise the flow. This paper outlines a numerical framework for establishing the extent to which lined pipe can be bent before liner collapse. The modeling starts with the simulation of the inflation process through which the two tubes develop interference contact pressure. Bending the composite structure leads to differential ovalization and eventually separation of part of the liner from the outer pipe. The unsupported strip of the liner on the compressed side first wrinkles and at higher curvature buckles and collapses in a diamond shaped mode. The sensitivity of the collapse curvature to the various parameters of the problem is studied, and amongst other findings the onset of collapse is shown to be very sensitive to small geometric imperfections in the liner. It is also demonstrated that bending the pipe under modest amounts of internal pressure can delay liner collapse to curvatures that make it reelable.     

On the effect of corrosion defects on the collapse pressure of pipelines

The loss of metal in a pipeline due to corrosion usually results in localized pits with various depths and irregular shapes on its external and internal surfaces. The effect of corrosion defects on the collapse pressure of offshore pipelines was studied through the combination of small-scale experiments with nonlinear numerical analyses based on the finite element method. After calibrated based on the experimental results, the model was used to determine the collapse pressure as a function of material and geometric parameters of different pipes and defects. An extensive parametric study using 2-D and 3-D numerical models was carried out encompassing different defect geometries and their interaction with pipe ovalization.